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Nugraha Kartasasmita
Vice Chairman - Indonesian Lube Society (MASPI)
Fundamental Drivers
    of Lubricant Quality
1. TECHNOLOGY –
   ENVIRONMENTAL – FUEL
   ECONOMY DEMAND
2. FUEL TREND DEMAND
Technology
                 Environmental
                – Fuel Economy
Environmental    End User Demand        OEM Respons         Lubricant Respons
Demand
• Emission       • Reduce burden of     • Engine/Equip-     • Higher Quality
  Legislation      Ownership              ment Changes      • Extended Drain
• Corporate      • Extended drain                           • Exhaust After
 Average                                                      Treatment
 Treatment
• Fuel Economy   • Higher reliability   • Exhaust After     • Device
  Standard       • Lower Operation       Treatment Device     Compatibility
                 • Lower Life Time      • Improved Fuel     • Fuel Economy
                   Cost                  Efficiency
03   vice chairman of maspi, nugraha kartasasmita
Future Lubricant
 Engine:
    Higher speed
    Higher efficiency
    Higher operating temperature
    Lower emission
    Compatibility to renewable
    fuel
 Lubricant :
    Lower viscosity
    Higher oxidation stability
    Higher viscosity index
    Compatibility to renewable
    fuel
Lubricant Improvement
Implication for Lubricant
Product
 Continuous up-gradation
 of lubricant quality levels:
   SAE 15W40 / 10W30 /
   10W40 / 5W40 / 0W30 /
   0W20
   Group II / III / IV/V base
   stocks
2. FUEL TREND DEMAND
Bio-Fuel = Future Fuel
 Source:              Product form:
    Vegetable Oils      ester (Fatty Acid Methyl
    Animal Fats         Esther     FAME)
 Process: Trans         glycerin
 Esterification       FAME blended with
 Using Alcohol        Diesel Fuel at:
 (Methanol/Ethanol)   5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20%
                      (B20)
Bio-Fuel = Future Fuel
  Europe:
    Rape seed methyl ester
    Typically B05
  United State (US):
    Soy bean methyl ester
    Bio-diesel typically B20
  Asia Pacific:
    Palm oil methyl ester
    Typically B05
Impact Bio-Fuel to
Lubricant
 Impact of bio-diesel on:
   engine cleanliness
   potential consequences of fuel dilution
   contamination of the engine oil
 Droplet characteristics + lower volatility
 + spray pattern + wall impingement
 non-combusted bio-diesel (past the
 piston rings)   fuel dilution
Oxidation
 Unsaturated (particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid esters:
 derived from corn, olive and sunflower oils) exhibit
 poor oxidative stability
 Un burnt bio-diesel entering the oil sump     oxidized
 lubricant degradation and thickening
Injector Fouling
 Free fatty acids + water increased corrosion of the
 injector system
 Presence of glycerol + viscous glycerides contribute
 injector coking
 Higher quantities of bio-diesel increase injector fouling
 (due to the thermo-oxidation and thermal polymerization
 properties of unsaturated bio-diesel)
 If injector tip deposits build up spray pattern disrupted
     piston deposits increase ring-sticking and increase
 fuel dilution
Wear and Corrosion

 High level of fuel dilution
     reduce the oil viscosity
     lower oil film
 thickness higher
 friction higher wear
Oil Quality
 Bio-diesel entering the oil
 sump may undergo
 oxidative polymerization
     severe sludge
 precipitation significant
 loss of dispersancy /
 antioxidancy increase
 in piston deposits ring-
 sticking
Conclusion
 Support Future Emission Regulation
   Lower viscosity
   Higher viscosity stability
   Higher oxidation stability
 Compatibility to Bio-Fuel
   Higher oxidation stability
   Higher viscosity stability
   Better dispersancy
   Better detergency
   Higher thermal stability

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03 vice chairman of maspi, nugraha kartasasmita

  • 1. Nugraha Kartasasmita Vice Chairman - Indonesian Lube Society (MASPI)
  • 2. Fundamental Drivers of Lubricant Quality 1. TECHNOLOGY – ENVIRONMENTAL – FUEL ECONOMY DEMAND 2. FUEL TREND DEMAND
  • 3. Technology Environmental – Fuel Economy Environmental End User Demand OEM Respons Lubricant Respons Demand • Emission • Reduce burden of • Engine/Equip- • Higher Quality Legislation Ownership ment Changes • Extended Drain • Corporate • Extended drain • Exhaust After Average Treatment Treatment • Fuel Economy • Higher reliability • Exhaust After • Device Standard • Lower Operation Treatment Device Compatibility • Lower Life Time • Improved Fuel • Fuel Economy Cost Efficiency
  • 5. Future Lubricant Engine: Higher speed Higher efficiency Higher operating temperature Lower emission Compatibility to renewable fuel Lubricant : Lower viscosity Higher oxidation stability Higher viscosity index Compatibility to renewable fuel
  • 7. Implication for Lubricant Product Continuous up-gradation of lubricant quality levels: SAE 15W40 / 10W30 / 10W40 / 5W40 / 0W30 / 0W20 Group II / III / IV/V base stocks
  • 8. 2. FUEL TREND DEMAND
  • 9. Bio-Fuel = Future Fuel Source: Product form: Vegetable Oils ester (Fatty Acid Methyl Animal Fats Esther FAME) Process: Trans glycerin Esterification FAME blended with Using Alcohol Diesel Fuel at: (Methanol/Ethanol) 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20% (B20)
  • 10. Bio-Fuel = Future Fuel Europe: Rape seed methyl ester Typically B05 United State (US): Soy bean methyl ester Bio-diesel typically B20 Asia Pacific: Palm oil methyl ester Typically B05
  • 11. Impact Bio-Fuel to Lubricant Impact of bio-diesel on: engine cleanliness potential consequences of fuel dilution contamination of the engine oil Droplet characteristics + lower volatility + spray pattern + wall impingement non-combusted bio-diesel (past the piston rings) fuel dilution
  • 12. Oxidation Unsaturated (particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid esters: derived from corn, olive and sunflower oils) exhibit poor oxidative stability Un burnt bio-diesel entering the oil sump oxidized lubricant degradation and thickening
  • 13. Injector Fouling Free fatty acids + water increased corrosion of the injector system Presence of glycerol + viscous glycerides contribute injector coking Higher quantities of bio-diesel increase injector fouling (due to the thermo-oxidation and thermal polymerization properties of unsaturated bio-diesel) If injector tip deposits build up spray pattern disrupted piston deposits increase ring-sticking and increase fuel dilution
  • 14. Wear and Corrosion High level of fuel dilution reduce the oil viscosity lower oil film thickness higher friction higher wear
  • 15. Oil Quality Bio-diesel entering the oil sump may undergo oxidative polymerization severe sludge precipitation significant loss of dispersancy / antioxidancy increase in piston deposits ring- sticking
  • 16. Conclusion Support Future Emission Regulation Lower viscosity Higher viscosity stability Higher oxidation stability Compatibility to Bio-Fuel Higher oxidation stability Higher viscosity stability Better dispersancy Better detergency Higher thermal stability