10. ガーナにおける金融とICTの浸透
Fixed phone subscription: 1.4% in 2003 to 0.6% in 2008
Mobile cellular subscription: 3.8% in 2003 to 48.3% in 2008
Internet users: 1.2% in 2003 to 4.2% in 2008
Households with computer: 0.3% in 2002 to 5.1% in 2007
Households with Internet: 0.1% in 2002 to 1.8% in 2007
International Telecommunication Union (2010), pp. 57-63
5.11 branches per 100,000 adults in 2009
Number of deposit Accounts: 33.3% in 2009
CGAP・World Bank (2010), p.56
携帯電話が爆発的に普及している。金融は徐々に伸びている
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14. e-zwichに関するデータ
Selected e-zwich data, 2008 - 2009
Total Cards Issued: 141,248 to 322,907
Issued Cards with Value: 43,822 to 101,170
Value on Cards Issued: 800,889 to 1,651,560 (GH¢)
Average Value per Transaction: 44,23 to 109,82 (GH¢)
Bank of Ghana (2009), p.27
1年の変化ではあるものの、倍々式に増えている
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15. ガーナ銀行からのおすみつき
“Guidelines for Branchless Banking”
Bank of Ghana (2008)
中央銀行からのブランチレスバンキングに関する通達
ガーナのブランチレスバンキングはe-zwichを使ってやる
ファイナンシャルインクルージョンを促進する
預金をあつかう金融機関向け
代理店には以下のものを想定
郵便局・ガソリンスタンド・小売店・携帯電話・POS
消費者保護とAML/CFTの正しい手順を規定
KYCなどAML/CFTの手続きは必須
記録を最低5年、保存する義務 15
24. 文献一覧
M. Andrianaivo, K. Kpodar, “ICT, financial inclusion, and growth: evidence from African countries,” IMF
Working Paper, 11, 73, April 2011.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp1173.pdf
Bank of Ghana, “Guidelines for branchless banking,” 2008.
http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.46044/Guidelines%20for%20Branchless%20Banking.pdf
Bank of Ghana, ”National payment system reform,” 2008.
http://www.bog.gov.gh/privatecontent/File/Secretarys/E-Zwich%20NOTICE%20final.pdf
Bank of Ghana, “Banking and Financial laws of Ghana 2006-2008,” March 2009.
http://www.bog.gov.gh/privatecontent/File/IDPS/Banking%20and%20Financial%20Laws%20of
%20Ghana%202006%20-%202008.pdf
CGAP (Consultative Group to Assist the Poor), and The World Bank Group, “Financial access 2010: the
state of financial inclusion through the crisis,” NW, Washington, 2010.
http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.46570/FA_2010_Financial_Access_2010_Rev.pdf
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25. 文献一覧
P. Dittus, and M. Klein, “On harnessing the potential of financial inclusion,” BIS Working Papers, 347,
May 2011.
http://www.bis.org/publ/work347.pdf
International Telecommunication Union, “Information society statistical profiles 2009: Africa,” In
preparation for the World Telecommunication Development Conference 2010.
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/ISSP09-AFR_final-en.pdf
T. R. Lyman, M. Pickens, and D. Porteous, “Regulating transformational branchless banking: mobile
phones and other technology to increase access to finance” CGAP FocusNote, 43, January 2008.
http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.2583/FN43.pdf
野村総合研究所(2012)「アフリカの金融セクター(中) 新しいバンキングサービスとノンバンクに
よる試み」, 『知的資産創造』, 2011年11月号.
http://www.nri.co.jp/opinion/chitekishisan/2011/pdf/cs20111107.pdf
M. Pickens, “Regulation of branchless banking,” June 2008.
25
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAML/Resources/Regulation_of_Branchless_Banking.pdf