Hepatitis Abc...

1. HEPATITIS
Prepared by:
Brian Kieth C. Gonzales
BSN – 2C 1

2. What is Hepatitis?
 Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver –
 In Latin hepa means liver, itis means inflammation
 Hepatitis can be caused by a virus that gets into your body
and attacks the liver
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3. How big is the liver?
The liver is the LARGEST internal organ!!!
 In young children: about the size of a grapefruit
 In adults: about the size of a football
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4. Healthy Liver vs. Sick
Liver
This is a healthy liver This is a sick, scarred
liver (cirrhosis)
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5. Viral Hepatitis
•Hepatitis viruses: A, B, C
•Scientists call hepatitis disease by the name of the virus
Virus Disease
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Hepatitis C
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6. Viral Hepatitis Disease
 Acute hepatitis: newly infected
 Chronic (life-long) hepatitis: long-
lasting infection
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7. Hepatitis A Virus
•First identified in 1973
•Scientifically classified as
Picornavirus
•Contains single-stranded
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Single-stranded
RNA
Electron micrograph/picture of hepatitis A virus
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8. Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis A is an acute liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus
(HAV), lasting from a few weeks to several months. It does not lead
to chronic infection. It is found in the stool (poop) of persons with
hepatitis A
Mode of Transmission : fecal–oral route
Person to person contact
 living with someone who has hepatitis A
 having sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A
Average incubation period : is 4 weeks with a range of 15-50 days.
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9. Symptoms
You might have :
 Tiredness
 Loss of appetite
 Fever
 Stomach-ache
 Diarrhea
 Dark urine
 Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes ,icterus)
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10. Hepatitis A Vaccine
 Hepatitis A vaccine is usually given as two shots
over a 6-18 month period (hepatitis A vaccine is
approved for persons 1 year of age and older)
 Hepatitis A vaccines are safe and effective
 protection will probably last for at least 20 years
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11. Other Ways to Prevent
HAV Infection
 Wash your hands after using the toilet or changing a
diaper and before preparing or eating food
 Wear gloves if you have to clean surfaces
contaminated with stool (e.g., diaper changing tables)
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12. Other Ways to Prevent
Hepatitis A
 Boiling or cooking food and beverage items for at
least 1 minute to 185°F (85°C) inactivates the virus
(makes the virus NOT infectious)
 When traveling to countries where hepatitis A is
common
 Do not drink beverages (with or without ice) of
unknown purity
 Do not eat uncooked shellfish
 Do not eat uncooked fruits and vegetables that are
not peeled or prepared by you personally
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13. Treatment
 There is no specific medical treatment for hepatitis A. Your
doctor can advise you on what you should do or what you
should not do
 Once fully recovered:
 You cannot get hepatitis A again
 You are no longer infected and cannot give the
infection to others
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14. Hepatitis B Virus
•First recognized in 1960s
•Scientifically classified as
Hepadnavirus
•Contains deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) DNA
Double-Stranded Polymerase
DNA
Electron micrograph/picture of hepatitis B virus

15. Hepatitis B Virus
 is a serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Infection with this virus can cause scarring of the liver,
liver failure, liver cancer and even death.
 The highest rate of infection occurs among those 20 to 49
years old.
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16. Hepatitis B Virus
HBV is found in the blood and body
fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal fluids) of
an infected person .
Average incubation period :is
about 16 weeks
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17. Modes of Transmission
 Sexual contact with an infected person without using a
condom
 Injection drug use
 Sharing needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton,
spoons) when “shooting” drugs
 Tattoos and body piercing
 Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone
else’s blood on them
 From an infected mother to her child at birth
 Sharing personal care items, such as toothbrushes or razors
with an infected person
 Human bite from an infected person 17

18. Symptoms
You might have :
 Tiredness
 Loss of appetite
 Fever
 Diarrhea
 Dark urine
 Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
.
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19. Hepatitis B Vaccine
 Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given as three shots over a 4-6
month period
 There is also a 2-shot schedule for 11-15 year olds
 Hepatitis vaccines are safe and effective
 protection will last for at least 15 years
 Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:
 all infants
 all children and adolescents
 adults at increased risk
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20. Other Ways to Prevent
 Practice safer sex Hepatitis B
 Abstain from sex or use condoms (spermicides)
consistently and correctly
 Wear gloves if you have to touch anyone’s blood
 Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a
treatment program; if you can’t stop, never reuse or share drugs,
needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton,
spoons); use an unused sterile syringe for each injection; use
sterile water, or at least clean water, from a reliable source to
prepare drugs
 Do not share toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles
that might have blood on them 20

21. Other Ways to Prevent
Hepatitis B
 If you are pregnant, you should get a blood test for
hepatitis B, so steps can be taken to protect your baby if
you are infected
 Treatment:
 There is no treatment for acute (new infection) hepatitis B
 Liver transplant
 Hepatitis B: acute HB will go away by itself and recover
completely; Chronic HB will stay forever, Uncurable
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22.  Interferon. The immune system-boosting medicine interferon
alpha is injected for at least 6 months. This drug does not cure
the disease, but improves liver inflammation. Long-acting
interferon (peginterferon) has also been shown to be useful.
Interferon does have some undesirable side effects, including:
malaise, depression, and loss of appetite, and it can lower the
number of white blood cells.
 Epivir. This drug is taken orally once a day. Usually, the drug
is well tolerated. Viral mutations often arise after prolonged
use.
 Hepsera. This drug works well in people whose disease doesn't
respond to Epivir but, in high doses it can cause kidney
problems.
 Baraclude. This is the newest drug for hepatitis B
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23. Hepatitis C Virus
Single-stranded RNA
• First identified in 1989
• Scientifically classified as
Flavivirus
• Contains ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
Schematic view of hepatitis C virus
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24. Hepatitis C Virus
HCV is found in the blood and body fluids
(e.g., semen, vaginal fluids) of an infected
person
Average incubation period : is 7 to 9
weeks
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25. Modes of Transmission
 Injection drug use
 Sharing needles, syringes or "works" (e.g., water, cookers,
cotton, spoons) when "shooting" drugs
 Sex with an HCV-infected person
 Sharing items (e.g., razors or toothbrushes) that
might have blood on them
 Tattoos and body piercing
 Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone else’s blood on
them
 From an HCV-infected mother to her child at birth
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26. Symptoms
You might have :
 Tiredness
 Loss of appetite
 Fever
 Stomach-ache
 Diarrhea
 Dark urine
 Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
.

27. Hepatitis C: Prevention
 Practice safer sex
 Abstain from sex or use condoms consistently and correctly
 Wear gloves if you have to touch anyone’s blood
 Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment
program; if you can’t stop, never reuse or share drugs, needles,
syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton, spoons); use an
unused sterile syringe for each injection; use sterile water, or at least
clean water, from a reliable source to prepare drugs
 Do not share toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles that
might have blood on them
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28. Hepatitis C: Prevention
 If you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body
piercing, consider the risks. You might get infected if
tools have someone else’s blood on them or if the
artist or piercer does not follow good health
practices, such as washing hands, using sterile
equipment and using disposable gloves
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29. Treatment
 There is no treatment for acute (new
infection) hepatitis C
 For chronic (life-long) hepatitis C
antiviral medicines are available
 Treatment might take as long as a year
 Liver transplant
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