membahas mengenai kenakalan remaja, penyebab dan tindak kriminal yang dilakukan remaja.

1. Oleh :
Brigita P. Manohara
Gang and Delinquency

2. Etimologi
Gang : gerombolan, komplotan, rombongan, regu
Delinquency : kenakalan, perilaku jahat, pelanggaran
Gang and Delinquency : gerombolan/komplotan dan
kenakalan

3. Frederic M. Thrasher (1927)
“gangs is an interstitial group originally formed spontaneously, and
then integrated through conflict. It is characterized by the following
types of behavior; meeting face to face, milling, movement through
space as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result of this collective
behaviour is the development of tradition, unreflective internal
structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group awarness, and
attachment to a local territory”

4. Moore (1991)
“gangs are no longer just the rowdy end of the continuum of local
adolescent groups-they are now really outside thet continuum”
Klein (1995)
“street gangs are something special, something qualitatively different
from other groups and from other categories of law breakers”.

5. Gang and Delinquency
karya : Terence P. Thornberry, Marvin D. Krohn, Alan J.
Lizotte, Carolyn A. Smith, dan Kimberly Tobin
Berisi hasil penelitian yang menguji teori para ahli sebelumnya
mengenai gang, karakteristik, struktur, anggota, dampak
keanggotaan, upaya penanggulangan

6. Keangotaan gang
Ras :
1. Afrika-Amerika
2. Hispanic
3. White (kulit putih)
Jenis kelamin :
1. Laki-laki
2. Perempuan
Durasi :
1. < 3 tahun
2. > 3 tahun

7. Tindak Pidana
1. kejahatan (general delinquency)
2. kekerasan (violence delinquent)
3. penggunaan narkoba
4. peredaran/perdagangan narkoba

8. Faktor Penyebab
Komunitas (community)
Keluarga
Sekolah
Lingkungan pertemanan yang menyimpang (peer relationship)
Karakter individu
Penyimpangan sebelumnya (Prior deviance)

9. Motivasi bergabung :
Keluarga dan teman mereka sudah menjadi anggota
sebelumnya
Ada label perlindungan (labeled protection)
Fun / action

10.  “barries in social structure limit the ability of lower cass youth to attain
the American dream” – stain theory arientation yang diadopsi Cohen
(1955) dan Cloward serta Ohin (1960)
“gangs and gang behavior are seen as natural offshoots of lower-class
culture, a long-established, distictively patterned tradition with an
integrity of its own” (Miller,1958)
“the influence of poverty inadequate educational process, population shift
and ethnic segregation” (Klein, 1995)

11. Kerugian Sosial
Lemahnya prestasi di sekolah (poor performance in school)
Early dating
Externalizing behaviors
Prior delinquency
Kejahatan/pelanggaran dipercaya meningkat angkanya
(Delinquent beliefs increase).

12. Dalam perkembangan hidup
Dikeluarkan dari sekolah
Kehamilan pada usia dini
Orang tua muda
Hidup terpisah dari salah satu orang tua
Pola pekerjaan yang tidak stabil
Hidup serumah

13. Penanggulangan
Klein and Howel (2005) : tripartite classification
1. Prevention
2. Reform
3. Suppression
Howel menggabungkan dua atau lebih dari pendekatan itu
Spergel (1995)
1. Local community organizing and mobilization
2. Social intervention
3. Suppression
4. Social and economic opportunities provision

14. Kenakalan remaja di Indonesia