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1. The Parts of Speech By Britnee Ramirez

2. Can you list the 8 parts of speech? Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs Preposition Conjunction Interjection

3. Can you identify a word’s part of speech as it is used in a sentence? Take this 20 question diagnostic. Tally your score. Don’t fix wrong answers; just write the correct answer to the side. We need to see what you have/have not mastered!

4. Why should you develop your knowledge of the parts of speech? CAN YOU SEE THE ERRORS BELOW? Walking in his garden. I am not sick; I feel good. OR I am sick; I feel badly. I am a thinker; therefore, I am. When I look for my own errors I cannot find them. Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and a C.E.O.

5. Nouns People, places, things, qualities, or actions The books sit on the shelf. What are the nouns below? Walking across campus takes ten minutes. The Safety Suit and The Script will be performing at Carthage College on Saturday.

6. Categories of Nouns Count nouns: a bike, a spoon, the bikes, the spoons Mass nouns: the money, the fun, the air Collective nouns: herd, group, herds, groups Possessive nouns: bike’s wheel, Micah’s wallet, students’ minds Common nouns: bike, spoon, money, fun Proper nouns: Mrs. Ramirez, Chicago, the Packers

7. Pronouns (See pg. 531-533 of Rules for Writers) Take the place of a noun or noun phrase. Personal Pronouns: (Singular) I, me, you, she her, he him, it (Plural) we, us, you, they, them They sit on it. Possessive Pronouns: (S) my, mine, your, yours, her, hers, his, is (P) our, ours, you, yours, their, theirs Her books sit on my shelf. Intensive/Reflexive : (S) myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (P) ourselves, yourselves, themselves The book sits on the shelf by itself.

8. Less familiar pronouns Relative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that The book, which has a torn cover, sits on the shelf. Interrogative: who, whom, whose, which, what Which books sit on the shelf? Demonstrative: this, that, these, those That is my book sitting on the shelf. Indefinite: all, anything, everyone, nobody, several, etc. Something sits on the shelf. Reciprocal : each other, one another The books sit next to one another.

9. Adjectives (See Rules for Writers, pg 536, 197-203) Modify (or describe) a noun or a pronoun Answer these questions: Which one? What kind? How many? Articles: the, a, an Possessive: my book, their book (possessive pronouns???!!!!) Ordinal: third, fourth, fifth Nouns used as adj.: three books, French language Tencollege books sit on thetop shelf. Find the adjectives below: The “prairie-style” brick buildings of the UW-Parkside campus have been studied by architecture students from other schools.

10. Verbs (Rules for Writers, pg 534-536) Denote an action, occurrence, or state of being Show the tense of the sentence (R4W pg. 216) Action verbs (or main verbs) express the action of the subject. Present: My cat sleeps twenty hours a day. Past: My cat slept twenty hours today. http://www.athabascau.ca/courses/engl/155/support/verb_tenses.htm Irregular verbs have unique conjugations dependant on the tense of the sentence & whether they are singular or plural: (I/We/You/They) go went see saw have seen (He/She/It) goes went sees saw has seen

11. Verbs Continued Linking verbs link the subject to words that describe the subject. My cat appears fat. What part of speech is cat? Helping verbs (aka axillary verbs & modals) change the tense or the meaning of the verb. My cat has slept. My cat was becoming fat. My cat may sleep. My cat could have appeared fat.

12. Infinitive Verbs Infinitives are verbs in their “basic” present tense form with or without the particle “to.” To walk (Here, “to” is a verb particle, not a preposition, so this is NOT a prepositional phrase!) Often infinitives are part of a verb phrase. I want to walk. Infinitives CAN function like nouns. To walk to the store would take too long.

13. Gerunds Gerunds are words that end in –ing. They can be used as multiple parts of speech. Gerunds are only verbs when they have a helping verb. I am wondering whether or not this is confusing. This website shows how gerunds can be used: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/

14. Adverbs (See Rules for Writers, pg 537, 197-203) Modify (or describe) a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answer these questions: When? (yesterday, then) Where? (there, here) How? Under what conditions? To what degree or extent? (quickly, slowly, extremely) Now, the very outdated books sit precariously on the top shelf. Find the adverbs below: Today, I am well. We need to understand adverbs more clearly.

15. Prepositions(See Rules for Writers, pg. 538) Introduce a prepositional phrase Show the relationship between the “subject” of the sentence and the “object” of the prepositional phrase. Over the river and through the woods, to grandmother’s house, we go. You sit in a desk inside a classroom with other students for several hours during an average day in college.

16. Conjunctions (See R4W, pg. 539-540) Join words, phrases, or clauses Show relationship between words, phrases, or clauses Coordinating Conjunctions: For And Nor But Or Yet So We are familiar with coordinating conjunctions but are not sure when to use them with a comma.

17. More Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions: Either this fast review of the parts of speech is making sense to you, or you are very confused. Subordinating Conjunctions: If you are confused, do not fret. Although we are reviewing this quickly, we will continue to review parts of speech all semester. Conjunctive Adverbs: Conjunctive adverbs are adverbs that work like conjunctions; therefore, I’m not truly sure which part of speech they fall under.

18. Interjections (See R4W, pg. 539-540) Express emotion Many curse words are used as interjections although the words may be nouns or verbs in other contexts. Yes! This part of class period is almost done. Right, that wasn’t very funny. Hey, can you think of more interjections?

19. Your sentences with everything Work with a partner to check/correct your 2 sentences that include every part of speech. Don’t cross out your original homework. Instead, write your revised version below. GO!!! You only have 5 minutes.