This document summarizes a study examining patterns of growth and change in nonmetropolitan areas of the Southern United States. The study used county-level data from 1990-2005 on demographic and economic indicators to cluster counties into four groups: Sunbelt Service, Southern Gentry, Equilibrium, and Chronic Poverty. The Sunbelt Service counties experienced population and economic growth associated with natural amenities and a shift to service industries. Southern Gentry counties also saw growth related to amenities and services. Equilibrium counties had steady growth without major changes. Chronic Poverty counties struggled with high poverty, unemployment, and decline. While some areas boomed, growth was not uniform and poverty remained concentrated in some places.