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Critical Role that R&E networks and clouds will play in helping universities reduce their carbon footprint   Bill St. Arnaud [email_address] Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author
Theme of this talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Global Average Temperature
2009 second warmest year ever
Spring 2010 warmest ever This is despite a solar sun spot minimum
The Earth is Warming Over 100 Times Faster Today Than During the Last Ice Age Warming! http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html CO 2  Rose From  185 to 265ppm (80ppm)  in 6000 years or  1.33 ppm per Century CO 2  Has Risen From  335 to 385ppm (50ppm)  in 30 years or  1.6 ppm per Year
Climate Forecasts MIT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Climate Change is not reversible ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All we hope to achieve is to slow down the rapid rate of climate change Weaver et al., GRL (2007)
Climate tipping points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Arctic Summer Ice Melting Accelerating Relative to IPCC 2007 Predictions Source: www.copenhagendiagnosis.org
Urgency of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/magazine/11Economy-t.html?pagewanted=1
The Falsehood of Energy Efficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More on Energy Efficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The challenge of utilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
State Climate Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SOURCE:  Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Climate101-State Actions, January 2009 Virtually all state and federal plans call for 30-40% wind and solar power
Zero Carbon strategy essential ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Grand Challenge – Building solutions using renewable energy only ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ICT and Cyber-infrastructure and CO2 emissions* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*An Inefficient Tuth: http://www.globalactionplan.org.uk/event_detail.aspx?eid=2696e0e0-28fe-4121-bd36-3670c02eda49 6
Most US Universities Will Become Regulated Entities --   Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE:  American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, http://acupcc.aashe.org/ Gross Emissions  Scope 1 & 2 (CO 2 e) Year US EPA GHG Rule Requires Reporting in 2011? 491,258 2008 YES! 52,2709 2008 YES! 80,498 2007 YES! 234,000 2008 YES! 309, 117 2008 YES! 192,862 2008 YES!
The Data Explosion Experiments Archives Literature Simulations Petabytes Doubling every  2 years Consumer The Challenge:  Enable Discovery . Deliver the capability to mine, search and analyze this data in near real time The Response:  A massive  build-out of data centers & HPC  facilities Source: Dan Reed Microsoft
The Technical Computing Pyramid Petascale/Exascale/… Mobile/Desktop computing Laboratory clusters University infrastructure National infrastructure Data, data, data Data, data, data Source: Dan Reed Microsoft & Ed Lazowska UoWash 85% of research computing can be done using clouds http://bit.ly/cC1eQ7 10 2 10 9 Capable Users
IT biggest power draw Heating, Cooling and Ventilation 40-50% Lighting 11% IT  Equipment 30-40% Other 6% Sources: BOMA 2006, EIA 2006, AIA 2006 Energy Consumption Typical Building Energy Consumption World Wide Transportation 25% Manufacturing 25% Buildings 50%
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Growth Projections Data Centers Source:  Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge
Digital vs Traditional appliances
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Get off the Grid!
MIT to build zero carbon data center in Holyoke MA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zero Carbon Data Centers Hydro-electric powered data centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO solar powered data centers Wind powered data centers Ecotricity in UK builds windmills at data center locations with no capital cost to user
GreenStar –World’s First Zero Carbon Internet & Cloud ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.greenstarnetwork.com/
GreenStar Network ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Economic benefits of follow the wind/sun architectures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Economic Benefits of Green Clouds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Institutions using Google Cloud/Apps
Policy Frameworks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Virtualization and De-materialization Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004 Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% - 20% impact
Case Western pilot with Kindle DX ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Free Wifi on Buses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],32
Carbon Reward Strategy for last mile infrastructure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are carbon offsets? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbon offsets to fund research & networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Proposed new funding scenario for R&E networks and cost reduction for universities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],New R&E network funding scenario “ Cap and Reward”
Building a R&E “5G” wireless network ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact of 5G networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Tim OReilly
Do your carbon inventory NOW!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],21
NYSERDA & RGGI incentives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Final remarks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cyber-infrastructure in a Carbon Constrained World http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0960.pdf
Let’s Keep The Conversation Going Blogspot Bill St. Arnaud http://green-broadband.blogspot.com Twitter http://twitter.com/BillStArnaud E-mail list [email_address]
Additional Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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NYSERnet july 28

  • 1. Critical Role that R&E networks and clouds will play in helping universities reduce their carbon footprint   Bill St. Arnaud [email_address] Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author
  • 2.
  • 3.  
  • 6. Spring 2010 warmest ever This is despite a solar sun spot minimum
  • 7. The Earth is Warming Over 100 Times Faster Today Than During the Last Ice Age Warming! http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html CO 2 Rose From 185 to 265ppm (80ppm) in 6000 years or 1.33 ppm per Century CO 2 Has Risen From 335 to 385ppm (50ppm) in 30 years or 1.6 ppm per Year
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Arctic Summer Ice Melting Accelerating Relative to IPCC 2007 Predictions Source: www.copenhagendiagnosis.org
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Most US Universities Will Become Regulated Entities -- Emitting Over 25,000 Metric Tons CO 2 e SOURCE: American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, http://acupcc.aashe.org/ Gross Emissions Scope 1 & 2 (CO 2 e) Year US EPA GHG Rule Requires Reporting in 2011? 491,258 2008 YES! 52,2709 2008 YES! 80,498 2007 YES! 234,000 2008 YES! 309, 117 2008 YES! 192,862 2008 YES!
  • 21. The Data Explosion Experiments Archives Literature Simulations Petabytes Doubling every 2 years Consumer The Challenge: Enable Discovery . Deliver the capability to mine, search and analyze this data in near real time The Response: A massive build-out of data centers & HPC facilities Source: Dan Reed Microsoft
  • 22. The Technical Computing Pyramid Petascale/Exascale/… Mobile/Desktop computing Laboratory clusters University infrastructure National infrastructure Data, data, data Data, data, data Source: Dan Reed Microsoft & Ed Lazowska UoWash 85% of research computing can be done using clouds http://bit.ly/cC1eQ7 10 2 10 9 Capable Users
  • 23. IT biggest power draw Heating, Cooling and Ventilation 40-50% Lighting 11% IT Equipment 30-40% Other 6% Sources: BOMA 2006, EIA 2006, AIA 2006 Energy Consumption Typical Building Energy Consumption World Wide Transportation 25% Manufacturing 25% Buildings 50%
  • 24.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Zero Carbon Data Centers Hydro-electric powered data centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO solar powered data centers Wind powered data centers Ecotricity in UK builds windmills at data center locations with no capital cost to user
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 34.
  • 35. Virtualization and De-materialization Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004 Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% - 20% impact
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48. Cyber-infrastructure in a Carbon Constrained World http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0960.pdf
  • 49. Let’s Keep The Conversation Going Blogspot Bill St. Arnaud http://green-broadband.blogspot.com Twitter http://twitter.com/BillStArnaud E-mail list [email_address]
  • 50.
  • 51.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. USGS report finds that future climate shifts have been underestimated and warns of debilitating abrupt shift in climate that would be devastating. http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap3-4/final-report/default.htm http://climateprogress.org/2008/11/24/what-are-the-near-term-climate-pearl-harbors/ Tipping elements in the Earth's climate - National Academies of Science “ Society may be lulled into a false sense of security by smooth projections of global change. Our synthesis of present knowledge suggests that a variety of tipping elements could reach their critical point within this century under anthropogenic climate change. “ http://www.pnas.org/content/105/6/1786.abstract?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=tipping+elements+lenton&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT Arctic Climate Change may be at tipping point – Globe and Mail -Sept 2009 We thought by 2050, multi-year [sea] ice would be cut in half,” said Mr. Stewart from Ottawa. “Well, it happened in 2007.” http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/science/arctic-climate-change-at-tipping-point/article1272939/ http://www.panda.org/wwf_news/news/?uNewsID=173262
  2. Assume each higher-ed produces 1-2 x 10e5 metric tons COe2 There are 3 x 10e3 higher ed institutions Therefore total higher ed CO2 emissions = 3-6 x 10e8 tons US total emissions 7 x 10e9 COe2 Therefore high ed percentage 3-6 x 10e8/7 x 10e9= 4.5 – 8.5%
  3. Future projections from Gartner
  4. Building a zero carbon ICT infrastructure Purchasing green power locally is expensive with significant transmission line losses Demand for green power within cities expected to grow dramatically ICT facilities DON’T NEED TO BE LOCATED IN CITIES -Cooling also a major problem in cities But most renewable energy sites are very remote and impractical to connect to electrical grid. Can be easily reached by an optical network Provide independence from electrical utility and high costs in wheeling power Savings in transmission line losses (up to 15%) alone, plus carbon offsets can pay for moving ICT facilities to renewable energy site ICT is only industry ideally suited to relocate to renewable energy sites Also ideal for business continuity in event of climate catastrophe