1. Mini session: Research Methods
Joseph Budu
Using Microsoft Word for
Email:
jbudu@st.ug.edu.gh
Referencing…
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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2. Referencing types
Chapter 6; pg. 323 – 327
• Fisher, C. (2010) Researching
and Writing a Dissertation,
An Essential Guide For
Business Students, Pearson
Education Limited, Essex.
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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3. NB: Note-taking
• Copying and pasting
• Write as you read
• Cite as you write
• Differentiate ideas with font colours
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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4. Why reference?
• Support & compare
argument(s)
• Provide evidence
• Show a trend
• Avoid revocation
• Avoid thieving
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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5. Where the styles reside
• C:Program
FilesMicrosoft
OfficeOffice12
BibliographyStyle
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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6. Types of Publications
• Book
• Book section
• Journal papers/articles
• Article in a periodical
• Conference proceedings
• Report
• Website or document from website
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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7. Choosing Reference Style…
#~# select preferred style from list
NB: could be changed
*Harvard (AGPS) style availability
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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8. Inserting
a citation
•select an existing citation
OR
•add a new source
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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9. Adding a Reference source
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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10. Referencing in the text – Type 1
• If author is not mentioned in the text, add
to year of publication in parentheses
• E.g. ‘It seems that transaction benefits
lead to incremental and transformational
effects on micro-trading activities
(Boateng, 2011).
• Same author, different works
e.g. (Boateng et. al, 2012)
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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11. Referencing in the text – Type 2
• Including author’s name in sentence;
• E.g. ‘many have argued that Boateng (2011)
does not cover the benefits other mobile
phone users gain from its use.
• In case author’s initials appear…remedy!
Zikmund W G. (2003) Business Research Methods, 7th edition, Thomson/South-Western.
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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12. Type 2 Referencing
#~# tweak citation using the options arrow
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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13. Multiple authors
• 2 authors part of the sentence;
e.g. Banker & Kauffman (2004)
• 2 authors NOT part of the sentence;
e.g. (Banker & Kauffman, 2004)
• > 2 authors, not part of the sentence
e.g. (Afonso, Schuknecht & Tanzi, 2004)
• (Afonso et.al, 2004) 
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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14. Same author & year, multiple works
• E.g. Boateng (2011a, 2011b)
• Corporate authors
• Adding page numbers to year of publication
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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15. Using numbered
citation
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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16. Citing web information
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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17. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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18. Web
Info
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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19. Finally… inserting “Bibliography”
Bibliography list
Reference list
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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20. Managing Sources
• Managing sources
– Deleting uncited sources
– Copying, and adding sources to new work
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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21. Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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22. Other Tweaks
• Converting reference list to static text
– Perhaps for editing
Research Methods – Dr Richard Boateng [richard@pearlrichards.org]
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