2. - Stephen Hawking

3. STEPHEN HAWKING

5. Introduction:
Stephen Hawking is British theoretical
physicist, who presently serves as the Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He has been
conducting research in fields of cosmology and quantum
gravity, since many years. He is known throughout the
world, for his contributions in context of black holes. During
his career, which spans over more than 40 years, he has put
forward numerous theories and also written a number of
books, with the aim of helping the common man understand
science. Hawking is disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

6. Stephen Hawking was born as ‘Stephen William Hawking’, on 8th
January 1942, in Oxford. He is the son of Frank Hawking, a research
biologist, and Isobel Hawking. The eldest of the three children of his
parents, he had two sisters - Philippa and Mary. Along with that, he
also had an adopted brother, Edward. Hawking’s parents had a home
in North London. However, because of London being under attack by
the Luftwaffe, they moved to Oxford, a much safer location, while
Isobel was pregnant with Stephen.Following the birth of Stephen,
Hawking family moved back to its home in North London. In London,
Frank headed the division of parasitology, at the National Institute
for Medical Research. Hawking and his family moved to St Albans in
Hertfordshire, in 1950, when he was around 8 years old. There, he
attended St Albans High School for Girls, between 1950 and 1953.
The reason was this was the fact that during that time, boys were
educated at Girls school till the age of 10. After he became 11 years
old, Hawking started attending St Albans School.

7. Through his schooling, Hawking was a good, but not exceptionally
brilliant, student. However, he always displayed an interest in science.
After passing high school, he enrolled himself at University
College, Oxford, and chose physics as his subject, since mathematic
was not offered. During that time, Hawking showed interest in
thermodynamics, relativity and quantum mechanics. He received his
B.A. degree from Oxford University, in the year 1962, after which he
enrolled for studying astronomy. Since Oxford had an observatory
equipped only for studying sunspots and he was more interested in
the theoretical aspects, Hawking decided to leave the university.
Instead, he joined Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he engaged in the
study of theoretical astronomy and cosmology. Soon after, he started
developing symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s
disease). It was only after his disease stabilized that Hawking
returned to working on his Ph.D., with the help of his doctoral
tutor, Dennis William Sciama.

8. After getting his PhD, Hawking became first, a
Research Fellow, and later, held the post of a
Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. In
1974, Hawking was elected as one of the youngest
Fellows of the Royal Society. Eight years down the
line, in 1982, he was created a Commander of the
Order of the British Empire. In the year 1989, he
became a Companion of Honour. Presently, he is
serving as a member of the ‘Board of Sponsors’ of
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

9. Hawking’s first marriage was with Jane Wilde, a
language student. The couple had three children
and stayed together till 1991. The main reasons
for separation were the increasing disability of
Hawking, along with the pressures of his fame. In
1995, he married his nurse, Elaine Mason, the exwife of David Mason, designer of the first version
of Hawking’s talking computer. In October
2006, he filed for divorce. Hawking’s daughter
Lucy Hawking is a novelist. His son, Robert
Hawking immigrated to the United States. He is
married and also has a child, George Edward
Hawking.

10. Hawking has a motor neuron disease (MND) that deteriorates
his upper and lower motor neurons. Typical forms of MND
include ALS (aka Lou Gherig's disease), progressive lateral
sclerosis (PLS), bulbar palsy's (which are diseases that
specifically affect the corticobulbar tracts), and progressive
muscular atrophy.
It has been speculated that Hawking has ALS, but this would
be an extraordinarily rare case of ALS, due to the fact that
most people diagnosed with ALS live ~ 14 months from
diagnosis to death. Some people live anywhere between 2-5
years with the disease. Hawking has been dealing with his
condition for over 40 years, so the path physiology involved in
his disease is markedly different from typical case
presentations, which are very insidious and rapidly progressive.
Saying Hawking has a variant of ALS would be more accurate

11. On
8th
January
2007,
during
his
65th
birthday
celebrations, Hawking announced that he planned to go on a
zero-gravity flight. He intended to do this as a preparation for
a sub-orbital spaceflight in 2009, on Virgin Galactic’s space
service. On 26th April 2007, he went on a zero-gravity flight in
a "Vomit Comet" of Zero Gravity Corporation. During the
flight, he experienced weightlessness eight times. With
this, Hawking became the first quadriplegic to float free in a
weightless state. It was also first time in 40 years that he
moved freely beyond the limits of his wheelchair. He was not
charged any fee for the flight.

12. Stephen Hawking’s Favorite Things:
Star Trek: Deep Space 9
Anything coin-operated.
Pulp.
Racism.
The Kardashians.
Movies about sports. (In particular, 1988
baseball romantic comedy Bull Durham)
Sand traps.
Fresno, CA.
When sandwiches aren’t cut in half.
Rap music.

13. big bang theory
black holes theory
Hawking's continuing examination of the nature of black
holes led to two important discoveries. The first, that black
holes can give off heat, opposed the claim that nothing
could escape from a black hole. The second concerned the
size of black holes. As originally conceived, black holes were
immense in size because they were the end result of the
collapse of gigantic stars. Hawking suggested the existence
of millions of mini-black holes formed by the force of the
original big bang explosion

16. His Latest Book

Professor Hawking's latest book, 'A Briefer History of
Time'.
From the book's blurb:
"Stephen Hawking's worldwide bestseller, A Brief History of
Time, has been a landmark volume in scientific writing. Its
author's engaging voice is one reason, and the compelling
subjects he addresses is another: the nature of space and
time, the role of God in creation, the history and future of the
Universe. but it is also true that in the years since its
publication, readers have repeatedly told Professor Hawking
of their great difficulty in understanding some of the book's
most important concepts.
"This is the origin of and the reason for A Briefer History of
Time: its author's wish to make its content accessible to
readers - as well as to bring it up to date with the latest
scientific observations and findings."

17. Stephen Hawking – His Works
Antimatter
The Big Bang
Black Holes
•Do Black Holes Really Exist?
•Can Anything Escape From a Black Hole?
Cosmic Background Radiation
Cosmic Rays
Cosmological Constant
Dark Matter
•Hot and Cold Dark Matter
•Machos
•Neutrinos
•Wimps
E=mc2
Gravity
Hubble’s Law
Imaginary Time
Nebulae
Planetary Motion
Quarks
Quasars
Radioactivity
Schrödinger’s Cat
Spectroscopy and Red shift
Singularity
Superstrings
The Uncertainty Principle
Wormholes

18. AWARDS






1975 Eddington Medal
1976 Hughes Medal of
the Royal Society
1979 Albert Einstein
Medal
1982 Order of the
British Empire
(Commander)
1985 Gold Medal of the
Royal Astronomical
Society
1986 Member of the
Pontifical Academy of
Sciences
1988 Wolf Prize in
Physics
 1989 Prince of Asturias
Awards in Concord
 1989 Companion of
Honour
 1999 [9] Julius Edgar
Lilienfeld Prize of the
American Physical
Society
 2003 Michelson Morley
Award of Case Western
Reserve University
 2006 [10] Copley Medal
of the Royal Society


19. Conclusion
Stephen Hawking who
came from nowhere
reached the universe with
hardwork and patience.
Even though he had
disabilities he tried hard to
prove things which could not
be done by normal humans.
He is a perfect role model for
the students of the 21st
century.