1. REDUCTION OF RISK POTENTIAL: LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Mr. Jaime R. Soriano. RN. RM.

4. NERVOUS SYSTEM Skull and Spinal X-ray Lumbar Puncture CT Scan MRI Electroencephalography

6. SKULL X-RAY

8. SPINAL X-RAY

10. LUMBAR PUNCTURE

19. CT SCAN

23. MRI

27. EEG

32. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Electrolytes Coagulation Studies Erythrocyte Studies White Blood Cell Count Serum Enzymes and Cardiac Markers Serum Lipids ECG CVP Pericardiocentesis

74. BASIC ECG INTERPRETATION Normal Sinus Rhythym Sinus Tachycardia Sinus Bradycardia Atrial Tachycardia Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Flutter Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation Asystole

77. BASIC ECG INTERPRETATION

84. NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS 60 to 100 Regular Present 0.12 to 0.20 secs 0.08 tp 0.12 secs

85. SINUS TACHYCARDIA Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS >100 BPM Regular Present 0.12 to 0.20 secs 0.08 to 0.12 secs

86. SINUS BRADYCARDIA Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS <60 BPM Regular Present 0.12 to 0.20 secs 0.08 to 0.12 secs

87. ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS 150 to 250 bpm Regular Present Short <0.12 0.08 to 0.12 secs

88. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS Variable Irregularly- Irregular Absent Non- discernible Narrow

89. ATRIAL FLUTTER Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS 250 to 350 bpm Usually regular Sawtooth pattern Non- discernible Usually narrow

90. VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS 100 TO 220 BPM Usually regular Absent NA Wide >0.12 sec

91. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS 350 TO 450BPM Completely chaotic and disorganized Absent NA Absent

92. ASYSTOLE Rate Rhythm P Waves P-R QRS No Rate No Rhythm Absent NA Absent

95. CVP

96. 1. Maintain zero point of manometer always at level of right atrium (intersection between midaxillary line and 4 th ICS, also referred to as the phlebostatic axis) 2. Determine patency of catheter by opening IV infusion line

97. 3. Turn stopcock to allow IV solution to run into manometer to a level of 10-20cm above expected pressure reading 4. Turn stopcock to allow IV solution to flow from manometer into catheter; fluid level in manometer fluctuates with respiration

98. 5. Stop ventilatory assistance during measurement of CVP 6. After CVP reading, return stopcock to IV infusion position 7. Record CVP reading and position of client (angle of recline)

103. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Chest X-ray Sputum Specimen Bronchoscopy Thoracentesis Lung Biopsy ABG Analysis Incentive Spirometer Peak Flow Meter

111. BRONCHOSCOPY

116. THORACENTESIS

129. INCENTIVE SPIROMETER