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Medieval art
1. Agenda
! Art Rx
! Medieval Art Notes
! Worktime!
! Next Class: Full Workday on Roman Tunnel
Book
2. Art RX
! Which movement (Prehistoric; Egyptian;
Greek or Roman) had sculptures that
followed the law of frontality?
! Which movement painted with crushed
berries; rocks and twigs?
! Which movement created the sculpture
titled ‘The Discus Thrower?’
4. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! A mixture of Roman, Middle Eastern and
European influences
! Art is primarily made for the church
! Begins with Fall of the Roman Empire; Ends
with the Renaissance
5. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Divided into different periods with different
styles: All are part of Medieval period
! Europe
! Gothic
! The East
! Golden Age of Islam
! Europe and the East:
! Byzantine
6. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Foreign invaders from
Northern Europe see
weakness of ineffective
Roman emperors.
! Take opportunity to
invade Rome
! Opens the door for
other groups to
invade/take over other
parts of the Empire
7. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Invaders (first from Germany then from other
regions in Europe, Africa and the Middle East)
destroy nearly everything the Roman’s created –
form of government; artwork; buildings; way of life
8. What do you think?
! How would life change after invaders take
over the traditional Roman way of life?
! Social Changes?
! Government Changes?
! Religious Changes?
9. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Social Changes of the Medieval Period:
! The center of art and innovation moves away
from Rome to the North of Europe – Britain,
France, Germany
! There is no central base of power coming from
Rome
! Empire divided into many different regions;
each with own ruler fighting for power and
more land.
11. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Religious Changes of Medieval Period
! Focus of life changes from here and now to
life hereafter (what happens after Death)
! Focus on gaining acceptance into a Christian
or Muslim afterlife (Heaven)
! Human body no longer celebrated as a
beautiful thing. It’s now sinful and corrupt
! Question: How will this change art?
12. Art of Medieval Europe:
400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.
! Art Changes of Medieval Period
! Art no longer concerned with harmony,
balance and realism…art now concerned with
worshipping God and converting people to
Christianity
! Greco-Roman interest in realism dies. Art
shows ignorance of anatomy
! Because human body is no longer celebrated
and now thought sinful, nudes are forbidden
! Art becomes the servant of the Church
15. Byzantine Art: 400 to 1400 C.E.
! OVERVIEW:
! Eastern part of Roman Empire
(Turkey, Jerusalem, other parts of
Europe and Middle East)
! People speak Greek
! Capital is Constantinople
! Led by an emperor
! Religion is Christian
! Believed emperor was chosen by
God to spread Christianity to non-
Christians
16. Byzantine Art: 400 to 1400 C.E.
! ART:
! Focused on religion – turning religious concepts into artistic
terms
! Sub-focus on showing off the Empire with art
! Combination of Early Christian Art with Middle Eastern
influences
! Mainly church interiors; mosaics and icons
! Byzantine artists were employed by rulers in other areas of the
world to teach their artists the Byzantine expertise with
decoration and mosaics
! Purpose of Art: Convert Christians and celebrate Byzantine
Empire’s power
17. Byzantine Art:
400 to 1400 C.E.
! ARCHITECTURE: Created
cathedrals that influenced many
future cathedrals in other parts
of the world
! Byzantine cathedrals are ornate
with domes; columns and
arches
! Many windows; lots of
decoration and embellishment
and are extremely large and airy
20. Byzantine Art:
400 to 1400 C.E.
! What effect are
Byzantine leaders
trying to bring forth
from non-Christians
with these light; airy;
ornate cathedrals?
! Based upon your last
answers - why would
Byzantine leaders
want to build these
cathedrals?
25. Byzantine Art:
400 to 1400 C.E.
! Mosaics - pieces of cut
glass affixed to a flat
surface
! Radiate the light
! Most Byzantine mosaics
are icons
26. Byzantine Art:
400 to 1400 C.E.
! Icons – a religious work of
art (painting; fresco or
mosaic) of an important
Christian figure (Jesus
Christ; Mary; Saints; Angels)
! Every part of the icon is
considered sacred and
symbolic
! Icons are used in religious
rituals and practices
27. Byzantine Art:
400 to 1400 C.E.
! Islamic Influences on Hagia Sophia
28. Golden Age of Islamic Art
600 C.E. to 1250 C.E.
! OVERVIEW:
! Northern Africa; Middle East; Parts of Spain and Italy;
Southeast Asia
! Culture was a blend of Arabic, Persian, Egyptian, and
European traditions
29. Golden Age of Islamic Art
600 C.E. to 1250 C.E.
! Religion is Muslim – monotheistic with Allah as
their God, Mohammed as the only prophet
! Many different ethnic groups centered around cities
(caliphates)
! Each caliphate ruled by a caliph (male leader,
believed to be appointed by Mohammed
! Laws based on the Q’uran, the Islamic Holy book
! Members of the caliphates spoke Arabic to be able
to read Q’uran – this helped unify the different
ethnic groups
30. Golden Age of Islamic Art
600 C.E. to 1250 C.E.
! ART
! Islam forbids idolatry (the
representation of human forms)
particularly that of Allah or any of his
prophets
! Islamic artists developed a unique style
of geometric shapes and patterns with
Q’uran verses in fancy calligraphy
script
! Sculpture went against Islam so
artwork was giant religious architecture
and architectural decoration
31. Golden Age of Islamic Art
600 C.E. to 1250 C.E.
Purpose of Art: Unite different ethnic Islamic
groups and educate them to the Q’uran
(please add this to your notes!)
32. Golden Age of Islamic Art
600 C.E. to 1250 C.E.
! Most famous Islamic
artworks are shrines
and mosques –
Muslim place of
worship
! Best example of
Golden Age of Islamic
Art: Work to Know:
Dome of the Rock,
Jerusalem, 7th century
33. Early Islamic Art
! Work to Know: Dome of the
Rock, Jerusalem 7th century
! Built around the rock
upon which Muslims
believe Mohammed rose
to Heaven
34. Early Islamic Art
Work to Know: Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem 7th
century
! Exterior: Giant
dome covered
with melted
down gold coins
! Colorful
geometric tile
designs in and
out
38. Gothic Art
1200 to 1400 C.E.
! OVERVIEW:
! Northern European (Germany, England, Parts
of France)
! Art is primarily highly decorated cathedrals,
stained glass windows, skinny sculptures, altar
piece paintings and illuminated manuscript
paintings of saints, Jesus Christ and Mary
! Purpose of Art: Believed a beautiful church
filled with beautiful art would inspire church
goers to be good or convert to Christianity
39. Gothic Art: 1200 to 1500 C.E.
! ARCHITECTURE: Huge cathedrals that
took centuries to make
! Very tall with lots of windows to let in light
! Pointed arches and
vaults
! Decorated with lacey,
intricate decorations
of cut stone
! Stained glass
44. Gothic Art
1200 to 1400 C.E.
! SCULPTURE: Long and skinny figures
that are very unnatural and stiff looking
! Depict Biblical stories
S Used to help
!
church goers who
can’t read to
understand stories
of the Bible
45. Gothic Art
1200 to 1400 C.E.
! Show ignorance of
human anatomy
because focus is now
on religion and the
spirit and not body
! Figures are covered
with heavy draping to
hide the body – no
more nudes!
46. Gothic Art
1200 to 1400 C.E.
! PAINTING: Illuminated
Manuscripts - Highly
decorative book pages with
borders, miniature
illustrations and initials (like
your illuminated letter!)
! Seemed to ‘glow’ with real
gold used to decorate the
pages
! Most illuminated
manuscripts were religiously
based
48. Gothic Art
1200 to 1400 C.E.
! Work to Know: Book of
Hours, France, 13th
century, tempera on
vellum
! A calendar book used
to help pray each
month of the year
! Elongated, skinny
figures that show
ignorance of human
body structure
50. Where are we going with
Medieval Art?
! After Regents week:
! Learning color mixing by making stained glass
windows and Islamic geometric designs
! Medieval beasts made of clay after we finish our
tunnel books
51. Rest of the Day
! Workday!
! Finish Stage 1:Planning - Steps 1 through 7
(follow directions as they are written in the
binder!)
! Begin drawing by following Stage 2: Drafting
– Steps 8 through 13 (follow directions as
they are written in the binder!)
! Homework: Study for the mid-term exam
next week!
52. Agenda
! Art Rx
! Weekly Process Grades
! Workday!
! Homework: Study for Mid-term Exam that is
NEXT WEEK!!!!! Know your art history
inside and out!!
53. Art Rx 1/12
! What was the purpose of Art during the
Medieval Byzantine time period?
! What is an icon?
! What Roman building was famous for its
Corinthian columns; pediment and large
oculus which let light in, heated the space in
the winter and cooled it in the summer?
54. Art Rx 1/12
! To spread Christianity and show off the
power of the Byzantine Empire?
! A sacred and symbolic religious work of art
of an important Christian figure
! Pantheon
55. Nearing the 2nd Marking Period
= Greater Expectations
! If you do everything that is asked of you but fail to
volunteer: 18 out of 20 points
! If you work on work other than art in classroom:
automatically deduct 10 points on weekly process grade
! If you constantly leave the classroom for bathroom,
nurse, locker, out of seat or assigned seat, automatically
deduct 5 points on weekly process grade
! Those that do not clean up their materials properly
automatically deduct 5 points on weekly process grade
! Lack of effort and working in class results in deduction
of points
56. Sample Grades
! Look at how your weekly process grade affects your
average when the weekly process grades dip by 2 points
per week
! 93%
! 82%
57. Weekly Process Grade
! So….stay awake, volunteer, hand in work on
time, concentrate on your work, cleanup and
generate QUALITY for a perfect 20 out of
20!
! Check those grades online to see how you’re
doing
! Those of you receiving those 18’s, 19’s and
20’s – congratulations. Keep up the great
work!
58. Agenda
! Art Rx
! Passport to Art – Medieval Art
! Review
! Workday! You should be well into Stage 2:
Drafting
! Homework – Study for MIDTERM Part 1
that starts NEXT CLASS!
! Must have pencil and your own calculator for
the 100 Multiple Choice.
59. Art Rx 1/14; 1/18
! The imaginary line located at eye
level upon which the vanishing
points are placed is called the
______________.
! Name the Title and Movement of
this Work to Know
! Name the Title and Movement of
this work to Know
60. Art Rx 1/14; 1/18
! Horizon Line
! Venus of Willendorf - Prehistoric
! Marcus Aurelius - Roman
61. Passport to Art
! Please fill out your passport to art.
Remember that this will be graded based
upon
! Writing down all of the information
! Quality of your drawings
! Having the provenance on your drawings
62. Review
! Please complete the review sheets in the on
your OWN piece of paper – DO NOT
WRITE ON THE REVIEW SHEETS!
! We will correct them in a half hour. If you
finish early move ahead to your tunnel book.
