1. GOVERNMENT
AND POLITICAL
SYSTEM IN
ASIA

2. The State
• In studying the government of the
Philippines, it is important to study the
concept of a state and why the Philippines is
considered as a state.
• A state is a community of group of free
individuals living in a particular territory. It
has autonomous government whose power
is recognized by the people it governs. It is a
sovereign entity. It is said that the state is the
most important political institution in history.
Without it, there will be chaos in the world.

3. Theories on the Origin of a
State
• Divine Right Theory – According to this
theory, the state has a divine origin since all
political powers originated from God. The
ruler was appointed by God. That is why, he
or she had to be respected and obeyed by
the citizens.
• Social Contract Theory – The theory states
that a state originated from a social contract
made by the people living under the
framework of a civil society.

4. • Force Theory – This theory states that a state
was formed because of the need for protection by
the citizens. Stronger tribes occupy and protect
weaker tribes in exchange for protection.
• Patriarchal or Matriarchal Theory – A state
originated from the formation of a family which is
headed by a father or a mother. When families
expanded from the intermarriage of their children,
the tribe was born, and from it, the state.

5. Elements of a State
• People – it is the most important element of a
state. Without the people, there will be no state.
Despite the fact that the size and number of
people vary, it is important for any state to have
productive and educated citizens for it to become
stable and progressive.
• Government – the government implements the
goals and objectives and discharges the duties
and responsibilities of a state. It formulates and
implements laws to maintain peace and order in a
state. It also formulates foreign policies and
coordinates the state’s foreign relations. In times
of war, it is the duty of the government to protect
the welfare of its people.

6. • Territory – it refers to a particular place
where a state exercises authority and
power. It is where the state exercises
jurisdiction.
• Sovereignty – refers to the freedom or
complete autonomy of a state to implement
and realize its goal and objectives. It refers
to the freedom from foreign invasion and
occupation.

7. • Two aspects of Sovereignty
Internal Sovereignty – refers to the
complete autonomy of a state to rule and
govern its people.
External Sovereignty – refers to the
complete freedom and autonomy from
foreign rule.

8. • Nation and a State
 Nation – the term “nation” is derived from the
Latin word natio, which means birth or race. A
nation refers to a group of people bounded
together by one race, language, customs, and
traditions. It is a cultural concept and does not
always possess all the four elements of a state.
Example, Palestine is a nation but not a state for it
lacks its own territory.
 State – the word “state” is a political concept and
has all the four elements – people, territory,
government, and sovereignty.

9. Political System in Asia
People’s Republic of China
• On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong and
his communist companions declared in
historic Tiananmen Square in Peking
(now Beijing) the inauguration of the
People’s Republic of China. At that
time, Mao and his companions had just
won a war against the Kuomintang
forces of Chiang Kai Shek.

10. Mao framed their government under the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Established the National People’s
Congress (NPC) in 1954
National People’s Congress (NPC) – stood
as the highest assembly of the government
National Congress (NC) – approves the
propositions of the State Council

11. Supreme People’s Court (SPC) – the highest
judicial department, administers the sensitive
cases and those which involve the
government.
• The Hundred Flowers Campaign was
Mao’s answer to the heavy criticism.
This method proved to be effective in
identifying his enemies in politics. The
campaign came from the words of Mao
which were “Let a hundred flowers
bloom, let a thousand schools of
thought contend.”

12. Hua Guafeng – succeeded Mao
Deng Xiaoping – launched the Four
Modernizations Policy or the modernization
of agriculture, industry, technology and
defense. Capitalism or the concept of free
trade enterprise reemerged in China. The
number of televisions in the provinces
increased.
• Thousands of Chinese led by university
students petitioned the CCP’s for freedom
of expression.

13. • In 1989, a widespread demonstration was
launched at Tiananmen Square which was
participated in by students and other
sectors of the society. Their demand was
for good governance and for freedom of
expression. The CCP cracked down on the
protest and ordered the massacre or
widespread killing of the protesters in
Tiananmen Square.
- Despite the liberation of its economy,
democracy remains elusive in China. The
Chinese are still denied their basic human
rights.

14. Union of Myanmar
 In 1989, the former name of the Union of
Burma was changed to Union of
Myanmar.
 The government should be in the hands of
the civilians, Myanmar is under military rule.
 In 1997, the military changed the structure of
the government, but they still remained
powerful.
 Established the State Peace and Development
Council – the main agency of the central
government ( military officers, president, vice
president, secretary and 18 other members)

15.  At present, political instability continues
to plague Myanmar as the military
continues to rule.
 U Nu was elected President of the Union of
Burma from 1948 up to 1962. He failed to
fulfill the dream of Aung San – the
recognized Father of Burma.
 In order to restore political stability, the
civilian government invited General Ne
Win to set-up a “Caretaker Government”
from 1958 up to 1960.

16.  In 1962, Ne Win staged a coup d’état
wherein the military grabbed power from U
Nu. He claimed that due to bickering of
political parties, the economy had slowed
down. Under Ne Win and the military
dictatorship, political parties were abolished
and newspapers were closed. He embraced
some of the features of the socialist ideology
such as nationalizing the economy and state
ownership of all industries. His political
philosophy was enshrined in the state
ideology called “Burmese Way to Socialism,”
which contained features of socialism and
Buddhism.

17. • This plan earned heavy criticisms and
protest actions from the students of Yangon
University. Ne Win persecuted them and
ordered the bombing of the University
Student Union building.
Ne Win prohibited any interaction with other
countries. Limited the duration of tourist visa
– only 24 hours to visit Myanmar.
Refused all foreign aid
Ne Win was forced to step down from power
in 1988 and he proposed a multi-party
system

18.  Maung Maung – a civilian, was
officially given the highest office in the
government.
 National League for Democracy – did not
respect the victory in the May 1990
national election. It declared that no
civilian should be in office until a new
constitution is drafted and implemented.

19.  Daw Aung San Suu Kyi – the leader of
National League for Democracy, a symbol
of national protest and the continuing
struggle for democracy in Myanmar. She
awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1991
 The Burmese still continue the struggle to
achieve political reforms so that they may
finally have the right to speak out and elect
the leaders of their choice.
•

20. Kingdom of Thailand
• The former Siam is officially known
today as the Kingdom of Thailand. In
contrast to Myanmar, Thailand
maintains a stable and strong political
system. Thailand also has a stable
economy and a government that is
highly regarded and respected by the
people.

21.  The government of Thailand is a
constitutional monarchy.
 Limited the power of the King (1932)
 King is the head of the state
 National Assembly represents the
legislative body

22.  King Bhumibol Adulyadej ascended the
throne on June 9, 1946 and still reigns up
to the present.
• His duties include being the Chief of Staff
of the Armed Forces.
 The Prime Minister runs the government
and assisted by a Cabinet which is run by a
Council of Ministers.
 The Rathasapha or the National Assembly
consist of the Senate or the Wuthisapha
(200 members)

23.  The House of Representatives or the
Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500
members)
 The judicial system is led by the San Dika
or the Supreme Court
 Military of Thailand plays a big role in the
establishment of a stable political system
and in developing the economy of their
country.

24. The Federation of Malaysia
• Established in 1963, Malaysia is
officially called the Federation of
Malaysia. Malaysia’s government is a
Federal Constitutional Monarchy. This
government is based on a constitution
that was drafted by the Federation of
Malaya in 1957. There are three branches
of government under the Federal
Constitutional Monarchy: executive,
legislative and judicial.

25.  Executive branch – highest position is occupied
by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Head
of the Federation – chosen in the line of the
Sultan and has five-year term of office.
 Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party
with the most number of members holding
positions in the House of Representatives.
 Dewan Rakyat or the House of Representatives
 Dewan Negara or the Senate
 Judicial branch is in charge of the justice
system
 Malaysia is divided based on their ethnicities –
Malay, Chinese and Indian

26. • In 1981, Mahathir bin Mohammad
became the Prime Minister of Malaysia. He
radically changed the political system of
Malaysia. He launched the 2-M
Government with the goal of improving the
civil service. He succeeded in his goal and
Malaysia is known today as one of the most
progressive countries in Southeast Asia.
•

27. Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Government
of the
Philippines

28. Review of Previous Topic
• State
 a group of free individuals
 living in particular territory
 autonomous government
 sovereign entity

29. Theories on the Origin of a State
• Divine Right Theory
• Social Contract Theory
• Force Theory
• Patriarchal or Matriarchal Theory

30. Elements of a State
• People
• Government
• Territory
• Sovereignty

31. Objectives:
1. Identify the different kinds of government
of Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, and
Malaysia.
2. Appreciate the importance of government
and political system in the country.
3. Analyze how independence plays an
important role in molding Asian country.

32. • Answer Activity 3.2 within 10 minutes
• Formulate a scenario that
represent/symbolize the kind of
government of each country
• Answer the second activity in Activity 3.2

33. • How independence plays an
important role in molding Asian
countries?
• What system of government do you
prefer? Why?
• As a student, how do you show your
support to our present government?

34. When the people fear their
government, there is tyranny;
when the government fears
the people, there is liberty.
Thomas Jefferson

35. Assignment
On your Blank Activity Sheet, list
down at least three (3) different
rights of women, children, and
labor groups in the Philippines.

36. Rights of Children, Women,
and
Labor Groups in Asia

37. Objectives:
• Reflect and share the ideas regarding
the video clip;
• Create an imaginary drawing that
showcase the rights of children; and
• Appreciate the different rights of the
children.

38. • While doing the activity, observe
silence
• Work quietly and productively
• During the reporting, listen to the
reporter

39. Psychological and physical
abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual
abuse and emotional
maltreatment.

40. Any act by deeds or words
which debases, degrades or
demeans the intrinsic worth and
dignity of a child as a human
being.

41. Unreasonable deprivation of his
basic needs for survival, such
as food and shelter.

42. Failure to immediately give
medical treatment to an injured
child resulting in serious
impairment of his growth and
development or in his
permanent incapacity or death.

43. Being in a community where
there is armed connect or being
affected by armed conflict-
related activities.

44. Working under conditions
hazardous to life, safety and
morals which unduly interfere
with their normal development.

45. Living in or fending for
themselves in the streets of
urban or rural areas without the
care of parents or a guardian or
any adult supervision needed
for their welfare.

46. Being a member of an indigenous
cultural community and/or living
under conditions of extreme
poverty or in an area which is
underdeveloped and/or lacks or
has Inadequate access to basic
services needed for a good quality
of life.

47.  Why children are usually denied of
their rights?
 Why the family is considered an
important social institution?

48. As member of the family, what
traits should you develop in
order that you stay and develop
together as family?

49. Assignment
• On your Blank Activity Sheet, define the following
rights of children, women, and labor groups.
 RA 6725
 RA 6949
 RA 6972
 RA 7192
 RA 7322
 RA 7600
 RA 7688
 RA 7610
 RA 8353
 RA 9262

50. Objectives:
• Understand the different rights of
women and children
• Memorize the different rights of the
children and women
• Answer correctly the test questions

51. • RA 6725 - An Act Strengthening the
Prohibition on Discrimination
Against Women with Respect to
Terms and Conditions of
Employment, Amending for the
Purpose Article One Hundred
Thirty-Five of the Labor Code

52. • Republic Act No. 6949
An act declaring March 8 of
every year a working special
holiday to be known as the
“National Women’s Day

53. • RA 6972
An Act establishing a Day Care
Center in Every Barangay
Instituting Therein a Total
Development and Protection of
Children Program

54. RA 7192
Act Promoting the Integration
of Women as Full and equal
partners of Men in
Development and Nation
Building and for Other
Purposes

55. RA 7322
An Act Increasing Maternity
Benefits in Favor of Women
Workers in the Private Sector,
Amending for the Purpose Section
14-A of Republic Act No. 1161

56. RA 7600
An Act Requiring All
Government and Private Health
Institutions with Obstetrical
Services to Adopt Rooming-in
and Breastfeeding Practices

57. RA 7688
An Act Giving Representation
to Women in Social Security
Commission Amending for the
Purpose Section 3(A) of
Republic Act 1161

58. RA 7610
An Act Providing for Stronger
Deterrence and Special
Protection Against Child
Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination, and for Other
Purposes

59. RA 8353
An Act Expanding the
Definition of the Crime of Rape,
Reclassifying the Same as a
Crime Against Persons

60. RA 9262
An Act Defining Violence
Against Women and Their
Children, Providing Protective
Measures for Victims

61. Reminders during quiz:
• Answer the question quietly
• No looking to your seatmates
• No asking/talking to your seatmates
• No standing

62. THE PRIMACY OF
EDUCATION TO ASIANS

63. Asians give prime importance to
education. For most of us, proper and
sufficient education is integral to
achieving a successful life.

64. Objectives:
• Analyze the significance of education in
everyday life;
• Prove that education plays an important
role in the development of the country

65. China
Even during ancient times, the Chinese
people had exhibited tremendous
appreciation of proper education. As a
matter of fact, aspiring officials had to pass
the civil service examination before they
could become civil servants. For those
seeking public office, the study of Confucian
classics was very important since the
examination was based on the teachings of
Confucius.

66. • With the passage of the law, all Chinese
citizens were given equal rights to
schooling.
• Education was utilized by the state to
maintain the prevailing system in the
society
• Education also played a major role in
spreading nationalism in the country

67. What was the purpose of the civil
service examination in traditional
China?

68. Japan
Japan is one of the most progressive countries
in Asia and in the world. It is estimated that all
Japanese are literate or could read and write. All
citizens were given equal opportunity to study
regardless of gender and wealth. The Japanese
educational system emphasized the need to shape
an individual’s character to develop competence and
discipline.
For most Japanese, learning does not end in
schools. An individual can still learn even in simple
gatherings. All things considered, knowledge and
wisdom are very important in Japanese culture and
society.

69. South Korea
Presently, one major issue facing
South Korea is the impending entry of
foreign investors in the educational system
of the country. The government intends to
allow some foreigners to set up schools in
south Korea as a result of the many
problems being encountered by the Koreans
in their own educational system.

70. Some Problems:
• Conservatism rather than individualism
• School curricula are also quite difficult.
Students have to spend plenty of time
studying just to pass the one examination.
• Stress levels being experienced by Korean
students are quite high
• Suicide is the third leading cause of death for
Korean teenagers.
• Parents have been sending their children
abroad to study. About 350,000 South
Korean students were studying in abroad in
2007.

71. `
• What are some problems being faced by
South Korea’s educational system?
• How does the South Korean government
try to address the issue at hand?

72. India
The political and economic conditions
of India have exerted a great influence on
the educational system of the country.
When India experienced a crisis 1960
and the number of the students enrollees
suddenly dropped, a thorough review
resulted in the establishment of advisory
committees to address these pressing
issues.

73. Some Problems:
• India possesses an ever-expanding
population (one billion people)
• Poverty is prevalent in the country
• Only an estimated 66% of the Indian
people are literate
• There are more males than females who
are literate in India