The document summarizes cellular glycolytic pathways and energy production in cells. It discusses four stages: 1) glycolysis and fermentation, which produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule; 2) pyruvate oxidation in the mitochondria, which produces more NADH; 3) the Krebs cycle, which fully breaks down glucose and produces NADH, FADH2, and 1 ATP; 4) electron transport and chemiosmosis, where electrons are transferred to create a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce approximately 32 ATP per pair of NADH/FADH2 molecules. In total, the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule typically yields about 36 ATP.

1. Cellular Glycolytic Pathways Lecture Presented by: Dr. Ozair Chaudhry , Ph.D.,CP Ag. (USA)., MOCT ( Canada) Albert Campbell Collegiate Institute (NS) Con.Ed. Toronto, Ontario August, 2008 © Reserved copyright 2008. Users advised to quote author’ reference

5. GLUCOSE METABOLISM ( 4 stages of Catabolism)

7. Glucose priming

8. G L y c o l y s I s ATP Glucose ----> 2 Pyruvic Acid (or pyruvate) + 2 net ATP + 4 hydrogens (2 NADH2)

10. Anaerobic Fermentation

14. Kr eb Cyc l e NADH= 3, FADH=1, ATP= 1

16. Goal of ETC/ Chemiosmosis

20. E nergy Account /Glucose Molecule Pathway Substrate level NADH/FADH2/Oxid-Phosphorylation Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 NADH cytosolic (changes to 2 FADH) 2 (2ATP) = 04 ATP when enters to ETC Pyruvate Oxidation ------ 2 NADH 2 (3 ATP) = 06 ATP Kreb Cycle 2ATP 6 NADH 6 (3ATP) = 18 ATP 2 FADH 2 2 (2ATP) = 04 ATP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Total= 4 ATP 32 ATP Grand Total= -------------------------------------------------- 36 ATP Rule: Each FADH 2 generates 2 ATP, and each NADH forms 3 ATP