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INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN —
   HOW DOES IT HELP?



         Jinsong Zhang
         April 29, 2008
TOPICS
  Instructional System Design
  Instructional Design Process: ADDIE
  Instructional Design Principles
  Chickering & Gamson’s Seven Principles
  Other Instructional Design Models




TOPICS                                      2
IDT: WHAT IS IT?

        Instructional Design
              Instructional system development
              Systematic planning
        Instructional Technology
              Instructional Media
              Theory and practice of design, development,
               utilization, management and evaluation of
               processes and resources for learning


What is IDT?                                                 3
ADDIE:
 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROCESS
                  Analysis


                  Design


               Development


               Implementation


                 Evaluation

ADDIE                           4
ANALYSIS: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES

  Determine       instructional goal
  Tasks
        Need  assessment
        Task analysis

        Learner characteristic analysis

        Learning context analysis




Analysis                                   5
ANALYSIS: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES

          Learner Analysis
              Learner characteristics, intellectual skills
              Subject knowledge level
              Purpose of taking the course
          Instructional Analysis
              Suitability of a course for a particular
               instructional media
              Areas of knowledge and skills


Analysis                                                      6
DESIGN: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES
  How contents are to be learned
  Tasks
          Write  learning objectives
          Develop test items

          Identify resources

          Plan instruction




Design                                  7
DESIGN: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES
        Learning goals & objectives
            Clear and measurable [Examples]
            Communicated to the learner
        Instructional & learning activities
            Goals & objectives of the course
            Frequent and meaningful interactions
        Content sequence & structure
            For learners to achieve the goals
        Copyright Issues
    [Move On]
Design                                              8
DEVELOPMENT:
 PROCESS & PRINCIPLES
  Authoring and producing materials
  Tasks
       Develop  workbook, flowchart
       Storyboard or script

       Develop exercise

       Tabletop review




Development                            11
DEVELOPMENT:
 PROCESS & PRINCIPLES
    Content materials
       Support performance objectives
       Reviewed to ensure completeness and accuracy
       Face-to-face vs. online
       Manageable chunks

    Media and technology use
       Consider  the constrains
       Student technology competence
       PowerPoint, Images, Video, Audio


Development                                        12
IMPLEMENTATION:
 PROCESS & PRINCIPLES

     Implementation: install the project
     Tasks
           Teacher     training
           Try   out




Implementation                              13
SEVEN PRINCIPLES

    1.    Contact between students and faculty*
    2.    Cooperation among students*
    3.    Active learning
    4.    Prompt feedback
    5.    Time on task
    6.    High expectations§
    7.    Diverse talents and ways of learning
     * least endorsed online          § most endorsed

Implementation                                          14
EVALUATION: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES
  Evaluation: determine the adequacy of the
   instruction
  Tasks
        Interprettest results
        Survey graduates

        Revision activities




Evaluation                                     15
EVALUATION: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES

  Carefully planned evaluation methods and
   procedures
  Student learning evaluation linked to
   objectives
  Course evaluation content linked to course
   objectives




Evaluation                                      16
DICK CARRY MODEL


                                                           Revise
                                                         Instruction

                          Conduct
                          Instruct.
                          Analysis


                                                                                                               Develop &
                                             Write        Develop                             Develop &
   Identify Instruct.                                                    Develop Instruct.                      Conduct
                                         Performance      Criterion-                         Select Instruct
        Goals                                                               Strategy                           Formative
                                          Objectives   Reference Tests                         Materials
                                                                                                               Evaluation


                                                                                                               Develop &
                        Identify Entry                                                                          Conduct
                          Behaviors                                                                            Summative
                                                                                                               Evaluation




DICK CARRY MODEL                                                                                                            17
KEMP MODEL

                                                                    Planning

                                                                    Revision

                                                                  Instructional
                                          Instructional             Problems         Learner




                                                                                                              Summative Evaluation
                                           Resources                              Characteristics
             Support Services




                                 Evaluation
                                Instruments                                                   Task Analysis

                                  Instructional                                         Instructional
                                    Delivery                                             Objectives
                                                  Instructional           Content
                                                   Strategies            Sequencing


                                                           Formative Evaluation

                                                           Project Management




KEMP MODEL                                                                                                                           18
AIR FORCE MODEL

                                       CONSTRAINTS



              Analyze System         Define Education/     Develop Objectives and
               Requirements        Training Requirements           Tests

        1                          2                       3


                                        Feedback and
                                         Interaction


        5                                                      4


            Conduct and Evaluate                               Plan, Develop, and
                Instruction                                    Validate Instruction



                                       CONSTRAINTS




AIR FORCE MODEL                                                                       19
SUMMARY
  Instructional System Design
  Instructional Design Process: ADDIE
  Instructional Design Principles
  Chickering & Gamson’s Seven Principles
  Other Instructional Design Models




SUMMARY                                     20
questions…
             Questions…                  Questions… questions
             Questions questions Questions… Questions…
                                questions…
       Questions

             Questions…
             questions Questions… Questions… Questions…



               Questions…
Question
question




                                   Questions…   questions…
 Questions




                    questions    Questions…      Questions…
                    Questions…            questions…
                    questions          Questions…       question?



                                                                    21

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Instructional Design Principles

  • 1. INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN — HOW DOES IT HELP? Jinsong Zhang April 29, 2008
  • 2. TOPICS  Instructional System Design  Instructional Design Process: ADDIE  Instructional Design Principles  Chickering & Gamson’s Seven Principles  Other Instructional Design Models TOPICS 2
  • 3. IDT: WHAT IS IT?  Instructional Design  Instructional system development  Systematic planning  Instructional Technology  Instructional Media  Theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning What is IDT? 3
  • 4. ADDIE: INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROCESS Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation ADDIE 4
  • 5. ANALYSIS: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Determine instructional goal  Tasks  Need assessment  Task analysis  Learner characteristic analysis  Learning context analysis Analysis 5
  • 6. ANALYSIS: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Learner Analysis  Learner characteristics, intellectual skills  Subject knowledge level  Purpose of taking the course  Instructional Analysis  Suitability of a course for a particular instructional media  Areas of knowledge and skills Analysis 6
  • 7. DESIGN: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  How contents are to be learned  Tasks  Write learning objectives  Develop test items  Identify resources  Plan instruction Design 7
  • 8. DESIGN: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Learning goals & objectives  Clear and measurable [Examples]  Communicated to the learner  Instructional & learning activities  Goals & objectives of the course  Frequent and meaningful interactions  Content sequence & structure  For learners to achieve the goals  Copyright Issues [Move On] Design 8
  • 9. DEVELOPMENT: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Authoring and producing materials  Tasks  Develop workbook, flowchart  Storyboard or script  Develop exercise  Tabletop review Development 11
  • 10. DEVELOPMENT: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Content materials  Support performance objectives  Reviewed to ensure completeness and accuracy  Face-to-face vs. online  Manageable chunks  Media and technology use  Consider the constrains  Student technology competence  PowerPoint, Images, Video, Audio Development 12
  • 11. IMPLEMENTATION: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Implementation: install the project  Tasks  Teacher training  Try out Implementation 13
  • 12. SEVEN PRINCIPLES 1. Contact between students and faculty* 2. Cooperation among students* 3. Active learning 4. Prompt feedback 5. Time on task 6. High expectations§ 7. Diverse talents and ways of learning * least endorsed online § most endorsed Implementation 14
  • 13. EVALUATION: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Evaluation: determine the adequacy of the instruction  Tasks  Interprettest results  Survey graduates  Revision activities Evaluation 15
  • 14. EVALUATION: PROCESS & PRINCIPLES  Carefully planned evaluation methods and procedures  Student learning evaluation linked to objectives  Course evaluation content linked to course objectives Evaluation 16
  • 15. DICK CARRY MODEL Revise Instruction Conduct Instruct. Analysis Develop & Write Develop Develop & Identify Instruct. Develop Instruct. Conduct Performance Criterion- Select Instruct Goals Strategy Formative Objectives Reference Tests Materials Evaluation Develop & Identify Entry Conduct Behaviors Summative Evaluation DICK CARRY MODEL 17
  • 16. KEMP MODEL Planning Revision Instructional Instructional Problems Learner Summative Evaluation Resources Characteristics Support Services Evaluation Instruments Task Analysis Instructional Instructional Delivery Objectives Instructional Content Strategies Sequencing Formative Evaluation Project Management KEMP MODEL 18
  • 17. AIR FORCE MODEL CONSTRAINTS Analyze System Define Education/ Develop Objectives and Requirements Training Requirements Tests 1 2 3 Feedback and Interaction 5 4 Conduct and Evaluate Plan, Develop, and Instruction Validate Instruction CONSTRAINTS AIR FORCE MODEL 19
  • 18. SUMMARY  Instructional System Design  Instructional Design Process: ADDIE  Instructional Design Principles  Chickering & Gamson’s Seven Principles  Other Instructional Design Models SUMMARY 20
  • 19. questions… Questions… Questions… questions Questions questions Questions… Questions… questions… Questions Questions… questions Questions… Questions… Questions… Questions… Question question Questions… questions… Questions questions Questions… Questions… Questions… questions… questions Questions… question? 21