Innovations :Technology unfolding

INNOVATIONS 2.0
A WINDOW INTO TOMORROWS WORLD
A GENERATIONAL SHIFT
TO ZERO COST FUELS
FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
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ENERGY SECURITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES , GOING TO ZERO FUEL COST FOR GENERATION OF
POWER ENERGY SECURITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES , GOING TO ZERO FUEL COST FOR GENERATION OF POWER ENERGY
SECURITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES , GOING TO ZERO FUEL COST FOR GENERATION OF POWER ENERGY
SECURITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES , GOING TO ZERO FUEL COST FOR GENERATION OF POWER

WIND ENERGY
INDUSTRY IS NOTHING NEW
John Houghton from Cambridge said in his paper
Global Warming: The complete Briefing, ‘Given
that it has been used as a form of energy for a
couple of centuries, wind is a very common
source of energy The fact that there were about
Though our scientists may claim that they are
energy. 10,000 windmills to tap wind energy in the Year
1800 itself, goes to show that wind was an
important source of energy in parts of Europe
like Britain Therefore it is not surprising that
inventing something new by using wind as a
source of generating energy, the truth is that
wind is being used for centuries for this
purpose. An example of this is an article
Britain. parts of the world like some countries from
Western Europe such as Great Britain and
Denmark and some countries in western North
America are trying to revive ways of tapping
published in 1838, which clearly shows that
even in those times, wind was considered an
important source of energy.
energy from wind. Slim, tall and more efficient
objects have replaced windmills to tap wind
energy.’
A compilation by centre for application of renewable energy. website : http://www.care‐india.com INNOVATIONS

INNOVATIONS
Storing Wind Power with Compressed Air
Pumped Hydro– An Alternative Technology

INNOVATIONS
Storing Wind Power with Compressed Air
Wind power suffers from one
major problem ‐ the wind is very
fickle. If wind turbines are to be a
viable large scale replacement for
coal‐ and gas‐fired power
stations, a way has to be found to
capture and store the energy
from the wind so that it can be
put to use when it is needed, and
not just when the wind is
blowing.
(Credit: PG&E)

STORING WIND POWER WITH COMPRESSED AIR
Since electricity from wind turbines is
more expensive than that generated
by conventional power stations,
another benefit of storing wind
power is that electricity can be
exported to the National Grid at peak
times of day when the price paid for
it can be 2 or 3 times greater that at
off peak times. This makes wind
turbine generators financially viable
without the need for government
subsidies.

COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE
One possible solution to this energy storage problem is
the use of compressed air. When the wind blows
during the night (when electricity demand is low), the
electricity generated can be used to power an air
compressor.
The compressed air can then be stored in the
underground caves and caverns left from some forms
of mining. During the day when demand peaks (and
wholesale electricity prices peak) the compressed air
can be released through a turbine generating
electricity. These caverns will effectively
provide battery storage for wind power.
The overall efficiency of this system can be as much
as 75%. Although 25%+ of the wind generated
electricity is lost, the remaining 75% is used at peak
times thus reducing the number of conventional power
stations needed to meet demand.
Dakota, the windiest state of the USA, Sirius Exploration plan to
create eight 16m (diameter) x 160m caverns (by potash mining) which
will be able to power a 100MW turbine when filled with compressed
air. A similar projet is being developed in Ireland by Gaelectric with a
cavern large enough for at least a 136MW turbine.

A ROSE WIND TURBINE
The one knock on wind energy is that it is
not portable. Until recently, there were few
if any portable devices that were available
to literally take wind power on the go. That
is changing quick as there are several
“back‐pack” style devices that are on the
market.
The Rose Wind Turbine is the latest
invention to be introduced to this ever
growing energy niche. The Rose Wind
Turbine is a small portable device that is
small enough to fit into the trunk of the car
and barely be noticed. However, once this
portable wind turbine comes out, it is sure
to turn heads

COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
(CAES)
Although a compressed air energy storage (CAES)
system has not been tested commercially with wind
turbines, a 290MW plant in Huntdorf, Germany has
been running successfully for over 25 years storing
excess production from a conventional power
station so it can be sold at times of peak demand.
Compressed air is stored in engineered salt caverns,
and when released can generated sufficient
electricity to meet the needs of almost 300,000
homes. A second commericial unit was built in 1991
in McIntosh,Alabama with a 110MW turbine.
Other (conventional) sources of electricity could be
stored in the same way further reducing the
number of conventional power stations required to
meet peak demand is reduced. The Future for CAES
and Wind Power As more wind farms are
constructed, and our dependence on the electricity
they generate increases, energy storage is going to
become more and more important.

Air HES system
To collect water and generate electricity from the clouds
Using a tethered airship floating high up
among the clouds, the Air HES concept
is designed to yield both clean water
and electricity by harvesting and
condensing water vapor, which it uses
to spin up an electric turbine generator
to create power. The developers behind
the concept claim to have built a
prototype to test their theory and have
also conducted feasibility studies into
upping the scale of their device to
produce economically viable levels of
water and power.

AIRBORNE WIND TURBINES?
Yes, the day is not far off when
reaching for sky is the new
motto for generating cost‐effective
renewable energy.
Initially it was considered to be
technically non‐viable to tap
high‐altitude winds. But today,
technically‐advanced materials
and innovative computer
know‐how are giving new life
to this scheme with innovative
autonomous aerial structures
using wind energy to generate
power.

AIRBORNE WIND TURBINE
Bryan Roberts, a professor of engineering at the University of
Technology, in Sydney, Australia, has proposed a helicopter‐like craft
which flies to 15,000 feet (4,600 m) altitude and stays there, held
aloft by wings that generate lift from the wind, and held in place by a
cable to a ground anchor. According to its designers, while some of
the energy in the wind would be 'lost' on lift, the constant and
potent winds would allow it to generate constant electricity. Since
the winds usually blow horizontally, the turbines would be at an
angle from the horizontal, catching winds while still generating lift.
Deployment could be done by feeding electricity to the turbines,
which would turn them into electric motors, lifting the structure into
h the k
sky.
An airborne wind turbine is a design concept for a wind turbine that is supported
in the air without a tower.[A tether would be used to transmit energy to the ground, either
mechanically or through electrical conductors. These systems would have the advantage of
tapping an almost constant wind and doing so without a set of slip rings or yaw mechanism,
without the expense of tower construction.
The main disadvantage is that kites and 'helicopters helicopters' come down when there is insufficient wind.
Also, bad weather such as lightning or thunderstorms, could temporarily suspend use of the
machines, probably requiring them to be brought back down to the ground and covered. These
schemes require a long power cable and, if the turbine is high enough, an aircraft exclusion zone.
As of 2008 2008, no commercial airborne wind turbines are in regular operation
operation.
A compilation by centre for application of renewable energy. website : http://www.care‐india.com
INNOVATIONS

KITE GEN
Scientists from TU Delft have
ELECTRICITY FOR VILLAGES
demonstrated that flying a 10‐
square‐meter kite could generate 10
kilowatts of power, which could
supply electricity for about 10
homes.
High‐flying kites tethered to
generators could supply as much as
100 megawatts of electricity,
enough to power 100,000 homes,
according to researchers from the
Delft University of Technology in
The Netherlands.

As project leader and professor of sustainable
engineering Wubbo Ockels explains, kites
generate power by pulling on their strings that
are attached to generators on the ground. After
reaching their maximum height, the kites are
reeled back down to repeat the process.
Electricity produced by kites in the wind could be
inexpensive, too. The researchers predict prices to
be comparable with generating electricity using
coal power, and half that of using wind turbines.
Sky Windpower estimate that their technology will be capable
of producing electricity for $0.02 per KWh, while a system of
raising a kite to a high altitude while turning a generator on
the ground, and then changing its shape so that it can be
drawn back down with less energy than it produced on the
way up, has been estimated to be capable of producing
electricity for $0.01 per KWh[4] ‐ both numbers being
significantly lower than the current price of non‐subsidized
g y p
electricity.
INNOVATIONS

MAGLEV
WIND TURBINE
Maglev Wind Turbine Technologies is
proposing an interesting new approach that
could replace traditional wind mills with
giant wind turbines, whose blades form an
almost cylindrical tower, instead of the tree‐bladed
large mills used today. The design
saves a lot of space and the overall efficiency
is so high that the company claims one of
their maglev wind turbines could produce as
much electricity as 1000 standard wind mills,
while requiring less than 100 acres of space.
The numbers sound really good, since a field
of 100 conventional wind applications often
requires more than 64,000 acres and the
smallest efficient configuration consists of
six large mills per square kilometer on land.
Renewable energy produced from the wind has garnered much attention and support
in recent years but is often criticized for its low output and lack of reliability. But now a
super power wind turbine has come along that may be just what the renewable
energy industry needs. The MagLev wind turbine, which was first unveiled at the Wind
Power Asia exhibition in Beijing, is expected take wind power technology to the next
level with magnetic levitation.

MAGLEV
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation)
is a method of propulsion that
uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles
with magnets rather than with wheels,
axles and bearings. With maglev, a vehicle
is levitated a short distance away from a
guide way using magnets to create both lift
and thrust. High‐speed maglev trains
promise dramatic improvements for human
travel if widespread adoption occurs.[1]
Maglev trains move more smoothly and
somewhat more quietly than wheeled mass
transit systems. Their non‐reliance on
traction and friction means that
acceleration and deceleration can surpass
that of wheeled transports, and they are
unaffected by weather. The power needed
for levitation is typically not a large
percentage of the overall energy

PUMPED HYDRO –
An Alternative Technology
The other main alternative to
compressed air energy storage
is pumped hydro ‐ a very well
established technology in which
electricity generated at times of low
demand is used to pump water from
a low lake to a high lake. At times of
peak electricity demand the water in
the upper lake is released down
through a turbine. Pictured above is
the Sloy Power Station which uses
pumped hydro technology (and was
constructed many decades ago

PUMPED HYDRO –
AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

WAVE POWER
Wave power
Ocean wave energy is captured directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below
the surface. Wave power systems convert the motion of the waves into usable mechanical energy
which in lump can be used to generate electricity. Waves are caused by wind blowing on the
surface of the water. Whereas tidal power relies on the mass movement of the water body,
waves act as a carrier for kinetic energy generated by the wind.
Technology[vii]
1. Float Or Buoy Systems that use the rise and fall of ocean swells to drive hydraulic pumps. The
object can be mounted to a floating raft or to a device fixed on the ocean bed. A series of
anchored buoys rise and fall with the wave. The movement is used to run an electrical generator
to produce electricity which is then transmitted ashore by underwater power cables.
2. Oscillating Water Column Devices in which the in‐and‐out motion of waves at the shore enters
a column and force air to turn a turbine. The column fills with water as the wave rises and
empties as it descends. In the process, air inside the column is compressed and heats up, creating
energy. This energy is harnessed and sent to shore by electrical cable.
3. Tapered Channel rely on a shore mounted structure to channel and concentrate the waves
driving them into an elevated reservoir. Water flow out of this reservoir is used to generate
electricity using standard hydropower technologies.
‐ See more at: http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/oce/oce.html#sthash.lQblrKHB.dpuf

WAVE POWER
The transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work — for
example for electricity generation, desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs). Wave power is
a renewable energy source. Though often co‐mingled, wave power is distinct from the diurnal flux of
tidal power and the steady gyre of ocean currents. Wave power generation is not currently a widely
employed commercial technology although there have been attempts at using it since at least 1890.
The world's first commercial wave farm is based in Portugal,at the Aguçadora Wave Park, which consists
of three 750 kilowatt Pelamis devices.
The LOPF on the 150kW scale can adjust for big tidal changes while being anchored taut with a fixed
length cable. The LOPF is like a “see saw” with a heavy generator on one end and the anchor on the
other. When the ocean wave gets too big the float rotates on its end and is submerged. It works great in
small and large waves. Strong current or wave direction have little effect on the device.
Swell Fuel has built and tested 55 ocean wave energy converter
prototypes as of 11/19/08.
INNOVATIONS

NEW-AGE WATER WHEELS
HARVEST HYDROKINETIC ENERGY
Canadian company is testing out a turbine in the p y g Roza Canal, just south of the Yakima Canyon.
“We are creating power from moving water without the need for damming or diversions,” said
Shannon Halliday, the director of business development for Instream Energy Systems. “The
testing we’re doing in Roza will help us develop our next‐generation technology.”
Vancouver, British Columbia‐based Instream Energy Systems worked with BAE Systems on the
turbine design. They first installed their equipment in the canal last August for a monthlong test.
Engineers will be back this week to put their turbine back in the canal and set up monitors to
track it all summer long.

WAVE ENERGY
The LOPF is an ocean buoy that creates electricity when lifted
by an ocean wave. The most important advantage is that it is
anchored taut with a fixed length cable and any upward
movement of the float will activate the generator inside the
device.
The country's first tidal power generation project is coming up at
Durgaduani Creek of the Sundarbans. The 3.75 mw capacity
Durgaduani Creek tidal energy project is a technology demonstration
project and will span over an area of 4.5 km. (Oct 2008 data). ‐ See
more at:
http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/oce/oce.html#sthash.lQblrKHB.dpuf
In, 1970, the CEA had identified this tidal project in the Gulf of Kachchh in Gujarat. The investigations were formally
launched in 1982. Sea bed analysis and studies for preparation of feasibility report were of highly specialized and complex
nature without precedence in the country. More than twelve specialized organizations of Govt. of India and Govt. of
Gujarat were involved in the field of investigations. The techno‐economic feasibility study has been completed in a very
scientific and systematic y manner and the feasibility report completed in 1988.
The proposed tidal power scheme envisages an installation of 900 MW project biggest in the world, located in the
Hansthal Creek, 25 Kms. from Kandla Port in Distt.. Kachchh of Gujarat State. It comprises of the following:
The main tidal rockfill barrage of 3.25 Km length was proposed to be constructed across Hansthal Creek which will
accommodate the power house, sluice gates and navigational lock.
It envisages installation of 900 MW capacity comprising of 36 geared bulb type turbo‐generators units of 25 MW each and
48 sluice gates each of 10 M. x 12 M. size would generate 1690 Gwh of energy annually. Unfortunately, this project
execution has not been taken up so far because of unknown reasons.
In Jan 2011, the state of Gujarat announced plans to install Asia’s first commercial‐scale tidal current power plant; the
state government approved the construction of a 50 MW project in the Gulf of Kutch.
‐ See more at: h // http://www.eai.in// f/ ref// ae// oce/oce.h l html#h sthash.hl bl lQblrKHB.d f
dpuf
Swell Fuel has built and tested 55 ocean wave energy converter prototypes as of 11/19/08.
INNOVATIONS

HUGE WORLD-FIRST MAN-MADE TIDAL LAGOON
Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay would be the world’s first man‐made energy‐generating
lagoon The Tidal Lagoon (Swansea Bay) development group says the lagoon would
provide an energy production capacity of 320 MW and would provide sustainable and
predictable electricity for 120 years of operation. In addition to generating electricity,
the lagoon would provide opportunities for arts, culture, education, recreation and
conservation activities

JET ENGINES
THE INSPIRATION FOR NEW WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY
Wind power has recently received a nice
boost as one of the hottest forms of energy
on the market. When comparing the recent
market growth against all forms of energy,
both renawables and non-renewables, wind
turbines seem to be jumping to the head of
the pack. While it still has a way to go before
it catches up to solar, it is gaining ground
rather quickly.
Something that will help pick up the pace
even further is new technology that is coming
from FloDesign. Their truly unique wind
turbine is actually based on the design of a
jet engine instead of the traditional windmills
that we see all across the country. Their
concept seems to be a simple one, but it
extremely effective

We welcome additional of additional material on
Tomorrow’s Technologies . Send us a mail and we
shall add the same
centre for application of renewable energy
WEBSITE : http://www.care-india.com http://www.careindia.co.nr
EMAIL : care@care-india.com windpower@live.co.uk

Innovations :Technology unfolding

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