Types of Information Systems

1. Information systems
Carlos J. Costa
2011

2. 
Type of Software

Types of Information Systems

Anthony Model/Laudon & Laudon

Three Types of Work-Changing IT

Entreprise 2.0.

IOS – Interorganizational Systems

3. 
Software

Application Software
− Enterprise Systems
− Department Applications
− Personal Productivity and Group Working

Systems Software
− Operating Systems
− Development Software
− Database Systems

4. Types of Information Systems

Anthony Model (Anthony, 1965)

Strategic Level

Tactical Level

Operational level

5. Type of Information Systems
Information systems corresponding to each one of those levels(Laudon
& Laudon, 2007):

Executive information Systems
(EIS)

Management Information
Systems (MIS) /
Decision Support Systems
(DSS)

Transaction Processing
Systems (TS)

6. Types of Information Systems

Three Types of Work-Changing IT (McAfee, 2006):

Function IT (FIT),

facilitates standalone tasks.

facilitate the work of a single person (or task, job, function, or role)

Network IT (NIT),

facilitate interactions among multiple people (or tasks, jobs, etc.)

enables unstructured interactions.

Enterprise IT (EIT) ,

facilitate interactions among multiple people (or tasks, jobs, etc.)

imposes structured interactions.

There are also a few hybrid technologies

7. Types of Information Systems

Function IT (FIT),

facilitates standalone tasks.

Spreadsheets and word processors - perhaps the most common
FITs;

they help analysts and writers, respectively, with their work.

Function technologies also exist for specialists such as:
− design engineers,
− statisticians,
− architects,
− photographers, and
− poker players.
− ...

8. Types of Information Systems

Network IT (NIT),

enables unstructured interactions.

Network technologies let people and groups come together, share
information, and collaborate without specifying the terms of the
collaboration.

Network technologies fall into two groups:
− channels and
− platforms.

Channels like email, IM, and SMS allow one party to send
information to another privately. Outside of the sender(s) and
receiver(s), no one can see the information transmitted over
channels, or even know that a transmission took place.

Platforms, on the other hand, make information visible and
permanent.

9. Types of Information Systems

Enterprise IT (EIT) ,

imposes structured interactions.

There have been lots of attempts to ‘carve up’ the EIT space into
ERP, SCM, CRM, eProcurement, etc. but these applications
really have the same goal, just with different organizational
footprints.

Structure can be imposed at two different levels:
− Data - EDI and XML are EITs at the data-only level;
− Process parameters - ERP, SCM, and CRM impose structure
on both data and business processes.

10. Types of Information Systems

There are also a few hybrid technologies:

Knowledge Management systems impose structure on data, but
not on how people use the data.

Groupware, on the other hand, establishes processes for sharing
information, but does not pre-define what kind of information can
be shared.

Andrew McAfee coined the concept of Enterprise 2.0 (McAfee,
2009):

Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms
within companies, or between companies and their partners or
customers.

11. Enterprise 2.0
Andrew McAfee coined the concept of Enterprise 2.0
(McAfee, 2009):

Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software
platforms within companies, or between companies
and their partners or customers.

12. IOS
Inter-organizational Information Systems
An information system that supports information flow
among two or more organizations.

IOS have developed in direct response to two
business pressures (drivers):
– the desire to reduce costs and to improve the
effectiveness and
– timeliness of business processes.

13. IOS
Types of Interorganizational Systems.

B2B trading systems

Global systems

Electronic funds transfer (EFT)

Groupware

Integrated messaging

Shared databases

Systems that support virtual corporations.

14. IOS
IOS classification based on the technology

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Extranets

XML

Web services

15. References

Anthony, R. N. (1965) Planning and Control Systems: A Framework for Analysis.
Harvard University, Boston, USA.

Laudon, J., & Laudon, K. (2007). Essentials of Management Information Systems
(7th ed.). Prentice Hall.

McAfee, A.(2006) "Mastering the Three Worlds of Information Technology". Harvard
Business Review , 1-9.

McAfee, A. (2009). Enterprise 2.0: New Collaborative Tools for Your Organization's
Toughest Challenges (1st ed.). Harvard Business School Press.

Chaffey, D & Wood, S (2005) Business Information Management Prentice Hall, Harlow