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MODERN PHYSICS
Physics ,[object Object]
NEWTONIAN   MECHANICS ,[object Object]
The Newtonian Synthesis ,[object Object]
Newton’s Three Laws of the Motion of Matter formed the basis of classical mechanics. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newton’s personal copy of the first edition of  Principia Mathematica   with handwritten corrections for the second edition.
Modern Physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newtonian mechanics   (based on universal absolutes)   versus   quantum mechanics  (based on universal probabilities)
Development, growth, and evolution of physical science:  from  order   (Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment, and Age of Reason)   to  chaos   (Age of Anxiety;  World War I, II; breakdown and disintegration of the Enlightenment Order)
Max Planck ,[object Object]
Max Planck worked on the problem of describing black body radiation
Quantum Mechanics ,[object Object]
[object Object]
Albert Einstein:  Theory of Relativity E   =   MC 2
Werner Heisenberg: Principle of Uncertainty, or Indeterminacy
Erwin Schrödinger   Schrödinger equation   is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. It is as central to quantum mechanics as Newton’s laws are to classical physics .
Schrödinger's Cat :   Dead or Alive? idea of entanglement: does the condition or state of the cat inside of the box depend on the observer? or, is the cat independent of the observer?
Niels Bohr Principle of complementarity : items can be analyzed separately as having contradictory properties (particle-like or wave-like)
Unified Field Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
chaos = unpredictability
The Butterfly Effect small variations of the initial conditions of a dynamical system may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system
observer effect ,[object Object],[object Object]
OCCAM’S RAZOR ,[object Object]
Karl Popper’s  concept of falsifiability ,[object Object]
entropy : measurement of the disorder of a system Rudolf Clausius originated the  concept of entropy.
phase transition :   transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another; at phase-transition point, physical properties may undergo abrupt change; for example, volume of the two phases may be vastly different; imagine transition of liquid water into vapor at boiling point; in common usage, the term is used to denote transitions between states (solid, liquid, gas) of matter; comparable to tipping point
thermodynamics :   conversion of heat energy into other forms (esp. chemical, electronic, and mechanical); historically, thermodynamics developed out of need to increase the efficiency of early steam engines 1890s-vintage triple-expansion marine engine that powered  the SS Christopher Columbus
The Manhattan Project (formal, Manhattan Engineer District, or MED ) ,[object Object]
The mushroom cloud (r) over Nagasaki, Japan after  the detonation of “Fat Man,” a gravity bomb (l), on  August 9, 1945.
practical impact of modern physics and quantum mechanics :  atom bombs; nuclear energy and power plants; advances in molecular and chemical biology; observation and description of DNA/RNA; space exploration; X-ray lasers, compact disc players, and bar code readers; transistors, computers and many, many other developments. Francis Crick, who along with  James D. Watson co-discovered the molecular structure of DNA,  was influenced by the work of  physicist Erwin Schrödinger.
Nuclear energy : “The nation's oldest nuclear power plant…Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station…generates enough electricity to power 600,000 homes a year. It provides 9 percent of New Jersey's electricity. Oyster Creek's boiling-water reactor is considered obsolete by today's standards. It went online December 1, 1967.” [ Source:  Wayne Parry, “Oldest US nuclear plant gets a new 20-year license.” (April 8, 2009), Associated Press.] Source : Diagram, map, and photo from The Press of Atlantic City (April 9, 2009)
Fermi Paradox ,[object Object]
Two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional analogy of space-time curvature described in General Relativity.

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Modern Physics

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  • 6. Newton’s personal copy of the first edition of Principia Mathematica with handwritten corrections for the second edition.
  • 7.
  • 8. Newtonian mechanics (based on universal absolutes) versus quantum mechanics (based on universal probabilities)
  • 9. Development, growth, and evolution of physical science: from order (Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment, and Age of Reason) to chaos (Age of Anxiety; World War I, II; breakdown and disintegration of the Enlightenment Order)
  • 10.
  • 11. Max Planck worked on the problem of describing black body radiation
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Albert Einstein: Theory of Relativity E = MC 2
  • 15. Werner Heisenberg: Principle of Uncertainty, or Indeterminacy
  • 16. Erwin Schrödinger Schrödinger equation is an equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes in time. It is as central to quantum mechanics as Newton’s laws are to classical physics .
  • 17. Schrödinger's Cat : Dead or Alive? idea of entanglement: does the condition or state of the cat inside of the box depend on the observer? or, is the cat independent of the observer?
  • 18. Niels Bohr Principle of complementarity : items can be analyzed separately as having contradictory properties (particle-like or wave-like)
  • 19.
  • 21. The Butterfly Effect small variations of the initial conditions of a dynamical system may produce large variations in the long term behavior of the system
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. entropy : measurement of the disorder of a system Rudolf Clausius originated the concept of entropy.
  • 26. phase transition : transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another; at phase-transition point, physical properties may undergo abrupt change; for example, volume of the two phases may be vastly different; imagine transition of liquid water into vapor at boiling point; in common usage, the term is used to denote transitions between states (solid, liquid, gas) of matter; comparable to tipping point
  • 27. thermodynamics : conversion of heat energy into other forms (esp. chemical, electronic, and mechanical); historically, thermodynamics developed out of need to increase the efficiency of early steam engines 1890s-vintage triple-expansion marine engine that powered the SS Christopher Columbus
  • 28.
  • 29. The mushroom cloud (r) over Nagasaki, Japan after the detonation of “Fat Man,” a gravity bomb (l), on August 9, 1945.
  • 30. practical impact of modern physics and quantum mechanics : atom bombs; nuclear energy and power plants; advances in molecular and chemical biology; observation and description of DNA/RNA; space exploration; X-ray lasers, compact disc players, and bar code readers; transistors, computers and many, many other developments. Francis Crick, who along with James D. Watson co-discovered the molecular structure of DNA, was influenced by the work of physicist Erwin Schrödinger.
  • 31. Nuclear energy : “The nation's oldest nuclear power plant…Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station…generates enough electricity to power 600,000 homes a year. It provides 9 percent of New Jersey's electricity. Oyster Creek's boiling-water reactor is considered obsolete by today's standards. It went online December 1, 1967.” [ Source: Wayne Parry, “Oldest US nuclear plant gets a new 20-year license.” (April 8, 2009), Associated Press.] Source : Diagram, map, and photo from The Press of Atlantic City (April 9, 2009)
  • 32.
  • 33. Two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional analogy of space-time curvature described in General Relativity.