SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  78
SANKALPASANKALPA
Algae BiotechnologyAlgae Biotechnology
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.In the beginning…
there was algae…
…breathing oxygen into the emerging elements
of our embryonic Earth,
dividing and replicating at exponential rates
to create new climates,
facilitating and co-creating a world in
transformation.…
…breathing oxygen into the emerging elements
of our embryonic Earth,
dividing and replicating at exponential rates
to create new climates,
facilitating and co-creating a world in
transformation.…
Today, this ancient life-giver reappears as the core topic of
commercial and environmental interest in salvaging our
energy economy and our planetary future - our hope for
abundant fuel, medicine, food and carbon sequestration.
Today, this ancient life-giver reappears as the core topic of
commercial and environmental interest in salvaging our
energy economy and our planetary future - our hope for
abundant fuel, medicine, food and carbon sequestration.
Algae Financial ForecastAlgae Financial Forecast
In August, 2010, Global Information released a new market
research report, Algae Biofuels Production Technologies
Worldwide, in which they project that the total algae
biofuels production technologies market (including
cultivation technology sales, harvesting, extraction and
fuels production facilities) will reach $1.6 billion in 2015.
In August, 2010, Global Information released a new market
research report, Algae Biofuels Production Technologies
Worldwide, in which they project that the total algae
biofuels production technologies market (including
cultivation technology sales, harvesting, extraction and
fuels production facilities) will reach $1.6 billion in 2015.
According to the study…According to the study…
“Starting at an estimated $271 million market size
for 2010, this increase is significant and
underscores that this is a quickly changing and
evolving industry, expected to show an annual
growth rate of nearly 43 percent.”
“Starting at an estimated $271 million market size
for 2010, this increase is significant and
underscores that this is a quickly changing and
evolving industry, expected to show an annual
growth rate of nearly 43 percent.”
• The Fuel/Resource of the Future
• Investments
• Commercialization
• Nutraceuticals
• Process / Reactors
• Sankalpa: The Photoreactor Company / Team
• Investment / Closing
• The Fuel/Resource of the Future
• Investments
• Commercialization
• Nutraceuticals
• Process / Reactors
• Sankalpa: The Photoreactor Company / Team
• Investment / Closing
Algae FuelAlgae Fuel
The Fuel of the Future?The Fuel of the Future?
• Algae produce 100 times more oil per acre than traditional food oilseed
crops such as soy etc. Algae produces 4,000 -15,000 gallons of oil per
acre per year versus 50 gallons per acre for soy, or approximately 26
gallons per hectare
• Algae eat CO2, the major Global Warming Gas, and produce oxygen.
• Algae require only sunshine and water, and thrive on waste and polluted
waters
• Algae do not compete with food crops for either agricultural land or
fresh water.
• Algae produce 100 times more oil per acre than traditional food oilseed
crops such as soy etc. Algae produces 4,000 -15,000 gallons of oil per
acre per year versus 50 gallons per acre for soy, or approximately 26
gallons per hectare
• Algae eat CO2, the major Global Warming Gas, and produce oxygen.
• Algae require only sunshine and water, and thrive on waste and polluted
waters
• Algae do not compete with food crops for either agricultural land or
fresh water.
“If we were to replace all of the diesel that we use in the
United States, with an algae derivative, we could do it
on an area of land less than one half of 1% of the
current farm land that we now use.”
Douglas Henston, Pres. Solix Algae Fuels
“If we were to replace all of the diesel that we use in the
United States, with an algae derivative, we could do it
on an area of land less than one half of 1% of the
current farm land that we now use.”
Douglas Henston, Pres. Solix Algae Fuels
Diesel FuelDiesel Fuel
Simply put, algae out-compete virtually all
other methods and resources for producing
biofuel and essential nutrients.
According to the University of
Washington, algae require the least amount
of crop land to meet fuel needs.
Simply put, algae out-compete virtually all
other methods and resources for producing
biofuel and essential nutrients.
According to the University of
Washington, algae require the least amount
of crop land to meet fuel needs.
Inputs - OutputsInputs - Outputs
InvestmentsInvestments
Investing
In the Future of Fuel
Investing
In the Future of Fuel
• In 2007, $32 million in venture capital was
pumped into businesses working on algae fuel.
• In 2008, that number reached $184 million
worldwide, according to Cleantech Network,
which tracks environmental industries.
Shell OilShell Oil
• In 2007 Shell Oil formed Cellana, a joint
venture with HR Biopetroleum, which has
established an open-pond salt water algae
facility in Hawaii specializing in native local
species.
• In 2007 Shell Oil formed Cellana, a joint
venture with HR Biopetroleum, which has
established an open-pond salt water algae
facility in Hawaii specializing in native local
species.
• In September, 2008, Bill
Gates' Cascade
Investment and three
other companies gave a
total of $100 million to
Sapphire Energy, a San
Diego company
producing fuel from
algae and other
microorganisms.
• In September, 2008, Bill
Gates' Cascade
Investment and three
other companies gave a
total of $100 million to
Sapphire Energy, a San
Diego company
producing fuel from
algae and other
microorganisms.
Bill GatesBill Gates
AviationAviation
• In November of 2008, Boeing
announced the creation of the
Algae Biofuel Organization, a
coalition of aviation fuel users
united to speed development
of algae fuel.
• In 2008, Virgin Airlines ran
test flights using jet fuel from
algae grown on sewage water,
by Aquaflow Bionics, with Jet
Blue following suit.
• In November of 2008, Boeing
announced the creation of the
Algae Biofuel Organization, a
coalition of aviation fuel users
united to speed development
of algae fuel.
• In 2008, Virgin Airlines ran
test flights using jet fuel from
algae grown on sewage water,
by Aquaflow Bionics, with Jet
Blue following suit.
ExxonMobil: $600 MillionExxonMobil: $600 Million
• On July 15, 2009, Exxon announced a 600 million dollar
investment into algae biofuel research. The research facility
is based at partner Synthetic Genomics headquarters, and
opened on July 14, 2010 in La Jolla, California.
http://gigaom2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/exxonsynthetictestsite54.jpg
• On July 15, 2009, Exxon announced a 600 million dollar
investment into algae biofuel research. The research facility
is based at partner Synthetic Genomics headquarters, and
opened on July 14, 2010 in La Jolla, California.
http://gigaom2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/exxonsynthetictestsite54.jpg
Solazyme: $125 MillionSolazyme: $125 Million
August 9, 2010: Seven-year-old Solazyme announced that it has
raised $52 million in Series D financing from investors including
Braemer Energy Ventures, Morgan Stanley, and Chevron
Technology Ventures, the VC arm of the oil giant. Including this
round, Solazyme has now raised over $125 million.
August 9, 2010: Seven-year-old Solazyme announced that it has
raised $52 million in Series D financing from investors including
Braemer Energy Ventures, Morgan Stanley, and Chevron
Technology Ventures, the VC arm of the oil giant. Including this
round, Solazyme has now raised over $125 million.
Commercialization TimelineCommercialization Timeline
CountdownCountdown
• There exist a divergence of opinion on the timelines for
algal commercialization.
• Groups are generally in the 10-year camp or the 2-3 year
camp.
• There exist a divergence of opinion on the timelines for
algal commercialization.
• Groups are generally in the 10-year camp or the 2-3 year
camp.
Ten Years?Ten Years?
• In the ten year camp we find companies such as
ExxonMobil and Sapphire Energy.
• Sapphire’s commercialization path aims both short and
long-term, with projections for 1 million gallons per year
by 2011 to 1 billion gallons in the 2020s, while
ExxonMobil’s biofuels chief Emil Jacobs has discussed
algae in 10-year timelines.
• In the ten year camp we find companies such as
ExxonMobil and Sapphire Energy.
• Sapphire’s commercialization path aims both short and
long-term, with projections for 1 million gallons per year
by 2011 to 1 billion gallons in the 2020s, while
ExxonMobil’s biofuels chief Emil Jacobs has discussed
algae in 10-year timelines.
Two to Three Years?Two to Three Years?
• On the other hand, according to Biofuel Digest,
companies such as PetroAlgae, Algenol, Aurora
and Solazyme are giving much shorter
commercialization timelines.
• On the other hand, according to Biofuel Digest,
companies such as PetroAlgae, Algenol, Aurora
and Solazyme are giving much shorter
commercialization timelines.
Solazyme: 2012Solazyme: 2012
• Solazyme, which produces sugar-fed algae without
photosynthesis confirmed at last year’s Advanced Biofuels
Development Summit that it would expect to have its first
100 million gallon per year (or large-scale commercial)
facility in operation by 2012-13.
• Solazyme, which produces sugar-fed algae without
photosynthesis confirmed at last year’s Advanced Biofuels
Development Summit that it would expect to have its first
100 million gallon per year (or large-scale commercial)
facility in operation by 2012-13.
Algenol: 2013Algenol: 2013
• Algenol’s Biofields project begins
construction this year, and
Biofields continues to guide the
markets to expect commercial
capacity by 2013 in the 250
million gallons per year range.
• Algenol CEO Paul Woods
expressed to the Biofuel Digest
last year that he would regard the
achievement of only 300 Mgy in
capacity by mid-decade as a
“disappointment”.
http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/i/bto/20080612/algenol_270x292.GIF
• Algenol’s Biofields project begins
construction this year, and
Biofields continues to guide the
markets to expect commercial
capacity by 2013 in the 250
million gallons per year range.
• Algenol CEO Paul Woods
expressed to the Biofuel Digest
last year that he would regard the
achievement of only 300 Mgy in
capacity by mid-decade as a
“disappointment”.
http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/i/bto/20080612/algenol_270x292.GIF
Aurora Algae: 2013Aurora Algae: 2013
• Sept 2010 - Aurora Algae CEO Greg Bafalis forecasted the
company could reap $100,000 in gross revenue per acre,
and plans to be in large commercial production within 30
months, quickly scaling up to 1,000-plus acres. The
company is constructing a first demonstration facility in
Australia. “In about two and a half years we’ll be cash
flow positive,” Bafalis predicted. “We’ll be tackling
private equity and venture capital in the next year.” The
company has raised $40 million to date, with its third
round in March, 2010, yielding $15 million.
http://venturebeat.com/2010/09/13/aurora%E2%80%99s-rebranding-bets-on-protein-bars-and-lotion-not-biofuel/
• Sept 2010 - Aurora Algae CEO Greg Bafalis forecasted the
company could reap $100,000 in gross revenue per acre,
and plans to be in large commercial production within 30
months, quickly scaling up to 1,000-plus acres. The
company is constructing a first demonstration facility in
Australia. “In about two and a half years we’ll be cash
flow positive,” Bafalis predicted. “We’ll be tackling
private equity and venture capital in the next year.” The
company has raised $40 million to date, with its third
round in March, 2010, yielding $15 million.
http://venturebeat.com/2010/09/13/aurora%E2%80%99s-rebranding-bets-on-protein-bars-and-lotion-not-biofuel/
• October, 2010: Aviation industry giants including British
Airways and Airbus are supporting a project at the UK's
Cranfield University to investigate ways of harvesting
algae for jet fuel in commercial quantities. British Airways
announced earlier this year it was establishing a facility in
east London to convert 500,000 tonnes of waste a year into
16 million gallons of jet fuel. The airline said it would use
low-carbon fuel to power part of its fleet by 2014.
http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2010/10/algae-as-aviation-
fuel.html
• October, 2010: Aviation industry giants including British
Airways and Airbus are supporting a project at the UK's
Cranfield University to investigate ways of harvesting
algae for jet fuel in commercial quantities. British Airways
announced earlier this year it was establishing a facility in
east London to convert 500,000 tonnes of waste a year into
16 million gallons of jet fuel. The airline said it would use
low-carbon fuel to power part of its fleet by 2014.
http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2010/10/algae-as-aviation-
fuel.html
British Airways: 2014British Airways: 2014
Algae Cultivation ProcessAlgae Cultivation Process
Simple Process: Fuel and Biomass
Simple ProcessSimple Process
Integration & Multi-ProductsIntegration & Multi-Products
Fermentation ProcessFermentation Process
Integration with JatrophaIntegration with Jatropha
Algae Photo-ReactorsAlgae Photo-Reactors
Acrylic TubesAcrylic Tubes
Vertical Plastic BagsVertical Plastic Bags
Flexible TubingFlexible Tubing
Seambiotic, an Israeli firm, uses raceway/paddle-wheel
open-pond algae cultivation growth fed by C02 flue-gas
from a nearby power plant.
Seambiotic, an Israeli firm, uses raceway/paddle-wheel
open-pond algae cultivation growth fed by C02 flue-gas
from a nearby power plant.
Raceway and Paddle WheelRaceway and Paddle Wheel
Photoreactor YieldsPhotoreactor Yields
• Production w Closed System
• High Nutrient Input or Waste Stream
• Single Species in Controlled Environment:
30,000 -100,000 gallons per year per acre
• Production w Closed System
• High Nutrient Input or Waste Stream
• Single Species in Controlled Environment:
30,000 -100,000 gallons per year per acre
NutraceuticalsNutraceuticals
• Algae are a rich and varied source of pharmacologically
active natural products and nutraceuticals. While
nutraceutical and pharmaceutical content in the baseline
algae strain is very small, current market values for
these products are extremely high.
• The major products currently being commercialized or
under consideration for commercial extraction include
carotenoids, phycobilins, fatty acids, polysaccharides,
vitamins, sterols, and biologically active molecules for
use in human and animal health.
• Algae are a rich and varied source of pharmacologically
active natural products and nutraceuticals. While
nutraceutical and pharmaceutical content in the baseline
algae strain is very small, current market values for
these products are extremely high.
• The major products currently being commercialized or
under consideration for commercial extraction include
carotenoids, phycobilins, fatty acids, polysaccharides,
vitamins, sterols, and biologically active molecules for
use in human and animal health.
• Algae yield omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and oils at more
profitable margins than other methods of production.
• Common species of nutritional supplements include Spirulina,
Chlorella and Duniella
• Algae extracts are used for health supplements, pharmaceuticals,
soaps, lotions, protein bars, shakes, and beauty products.
• Algae yield omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and oils at more
profitable margins than other methods of production.
• Common species of nutritional supplements include Spirulina,
Chlorella and Duniella
• Algae extracts are used for health supplements, pharmaceuticals,
soaps, lotions, protein bars, shakes, and beauty products.
Omega 3Omega 3
Nutraceuticals per KiloNutraceuticals per Kilo
According to BioCentric, which has invested
$600,000 in its line of algae nutraceuticals:
• Haemaotoccocus has a current market value of
$341 per kilogram,
• Chlorella clocks in at $44 per kilo and
• Spirulina sells for $20 per kilo
According to BioCentric, which has invested
$600,000 in its line of algae nutraceuticals:
• Haemaotoccocus has a current market value of
$341 per kilogram,
• Chlorella clocks in at $44 per kilo and
• Spirulina sells for $20 per kilo
The pharmaceutical industry is growing at a CAGR of
around 8% while the global pharmaceutical market is
forecasted to reach US$ 1043.4 billion in 2012.
Use of algae, especially cyanobacteria based active
compounds, has received ever-increasing interest as:
• Antimicrobials, Antivirals & Antifungals
• Neuroprotective Products
• Therapeutic proteins
• Drugs
The pharmaceutical industry is growing at a CAGR of
around 8% while the global pharmaceutical market is
forecasted to reach US$ 1043.4 billion in 2012.
Use of algae, especially cyanobacteria based active
compounds, has received ever-increasing interest as:
• Antimicrobials, Antivirals & Antifungals
• Neuroprotective Products
• Therapeutic proteins
• Drugs
DOW ChemicalsDOW Chemicals
Dow Chemical's Steve Gluck notes major
opportunity in the chemical industry for algae
compared to biofuels.
"To get into the algae market, I think you might have
to capture the chemical sector based on how much
algae feedstock is needed in the chemical industry
compared to the fuel refineries," said Gluck.
"Chemicals need a pure material that algae can
produce while fuels can have blended components.
Dow Chemical's Steve Gluck notes major
opportunity in the chemical industry for algae
compared to biofuels.
"To get into the algae market, I think you might have
to capture the chemical sector based on how much
algae feedstock is needed in the chemical industry
compared to the fuel refineries," said Gluck.
"Chemicals need a pure material that algae can
produce while fuels can have blended components.
Green PolymersGreen Polymers
Co-products from algae, including green
polymers, chemicals and animal feed, will
play a decisive role in the success of
established and emerging algae production
ventures.
Co-products from algae, including green
polymers, chemicals and animal feed, will
play a decisive role in the success of
established and emerging algae production
ventures.
Algae as ProteinAlgae as Protein
• According to the FAO, the world protein consumption is
set to increase 74 percent by 2050, surpassing the
replenishment of wild and farm-raised fish and livestock
populations.
• Algae can provide high-concentration EPA oils and protein
extracts, and low-cost fish meal for aquaculture facilities.
• Algae production systems will play an important role in
addressing the growing worldwide demand for protein and
Omega-3 fatty acids while reducing overfishing.
• According to the FAO, the world protein consumption is
set to increase 74 percent by 2050, surpassing the
replenishment of wild and farm-raised fish and livestock
populations.
• Algae can provide high-concentration EPA oils and protein
extracts, and low-cost fish meal for aquaculture facilities.
• Algae production systems will play an important role in
addressing the growing worldwide demand for protein and
Omega-3 fatty acids while reducing overfishing.
Algae TrendsAlgae Trends
• Current trends in Algae production include expansion
from fuels to nutritional supplements, beauty products and
pharmaceuticals.
• Alameda CA (SPX) Sep 15, 2010
Aurora Algae has announced its transition from pilot
technology development into full-scale commercialization
of the Company's proprietary algae products, including
high concentration eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA Omega-3
fatty acids), high-density proteins, fish meal and
renewable fuels.
• Current trends in Algae production include expansion
from fuels to nutritional supplements, beauty products and
pharmaceuticals.
• Alameda CA (SPX) Sep 15, 2010
Aurora Algae has announced its transition from pilot
technology development into full-scale commercialization
of the Company's proprietary algae products, including
high concentration eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA Omega-3
fatty acids), high-density proteins, fish meal and
renewable fuels.
• The markets for both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
are growing quickly worldwide, and it is this global scope
that particularly attracts marketers.
• A growing proportion of today’s promising pharmaceutical
and nutraceutical research focuses on the production of
promising compounds from algae. Thus, the untapped
potential of algae in the field of pharmaceuticals and
nutraceuticals has to be still explored to grow and
capitalize on tremendous global marketing
opportunities
• The markets for both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
are growing quickly worldwide, and it is this global scope
that particularly attracts marketers.
• A growing proportion of today’s promising pharmaceutical
and nutraceutical research focuses on the production of
promising compounds from algae. Thus, the untapped
potential of algae in the field of pharmaceuticals and
nutraceuticals has to be still explored to grow and
capitalize on tremendous global marketing
opportunities
Vision
Mission
Strategy
Team
Vision
Mission
Strategy
Team
SANKALPASANKALPA
VisionVision
Sankalpa will serve global sustainability and abundance by
manufacturing machinery for tapping the unlimited
potential of algae to meet ever-increasing human needs for
clean fuel, energy, food, medicine, water and CO2
sequestration. In so doing we will create a profitable
means toward restoring our environment for future
generations.
Sankalpa will serve global sustainability and abundance by
manufacturing machinery for tapping the unlimited
potential of algae to meet ever-increasing human needs for
clean fuel, energy, food, medicine, water and CO2
sequestration. In so doing we will create a profitable
means toward restoring our environment for future
generations.
MissionMission
Sankalpa’s mission is to lead the global market in the
production of photoreactors and versatile extraction
machinery, applicable to an increasingly vast spectrum of
useful microorganisms, in order to most cost-efficiently
produce essential products including fuel, pharmaceuticals,
foods, nutritional supplements, fertilizers, fishmeal and
cosmetics.
Sankalpa’s mission is to lead the global market in the
production of photoreactors and versatile extraction
machinery, applicable to an increasingly vast spectrum of
useful microorganisms, in order to most cost-efficiently
produce essential products including fuel, pharmaceuticals,
foods, nutritional supplements, fertilizers, fishmeal and
cosmetics.
“Integration, diversity and versatility are key values in our
adaptable systems” says Sankalpa’s
CEO Sagar Sanawe.
“Integration, diversity and versatility are key values in our
adaptable systems” says Sankalpa’s
CEO Sagar Sanawe.
VersatilityVersatility
“The industry is in a rapid discovery phase. Our reactors
will be designed to continuously absorb new
efficiencies, to self-improve with plug-in and modular
capacity to integrate new methods and growth media
seamlessly into last generation machinery.”
“Versatility in the creation of customized reactors for
specific species of microorganisms targeting end
products, such as pharmaceuticals will prove more
profitable, within an earlier time frame, than solely
biofuels.
CEO Sagar Sanawe
“The industry is in a rapid discovery phase. Our reactors
will be designed to continuously absorb new
efficiencies, to self-improve with plug-in and modular
capacity to integrate new methods and growth media
seamlessly into last generation machinery.”
“Versatility in the creation of customized reactors for
specific species of microorganisms targeting end
products, such as pharmaceuticals will prove more
profitable, within an earlier time frame, than solely
biofuels.
CEO Sagar Sanawe
Strategic AlliancesStrategic Alliances
In partnership with Biogreen SA of South America,
Sankalpa is constructing a first hybrid-reactor/pond
demonstration facility on a 21 acre property in Uruguay,
South America. The project will begin with one hectare
ponds, along with a series of closed-reactor systems for
testing adaptable equipment optimizing key strains of
commercially viable algae.
In partnership with Biogreen SA of South America,
Sankalpa is constructing a first hybrid-reactor/pond
demonstration facility on a 21 acre property in Uruguay,
South America. The project will begin with one hectare
ponds, along with a series of closed-reactor systems for
testing adaptable equipment optimizing key strains of
commercially viable algae.
Science & Engineering
TEAM
Science & Engineering
TEAM
Dr. Yogesh Borole
Chemist
Manager at the Aditya Birla Science & Technology Centre,
Mumbai. Major work areas are renewable resources, chloro-
chemicals, commercialization of lab processes, oleo chemicals
and alternate energy systems, high pressure gases, feasibility
studies for bio-fuels. Use of ultrasonic, microwave and UV
reactors for organic reaction. Use of spectroscopic and
chromatographic analytical techniques.
-Directed scale up /pilot plant studies
-Expert in using analytical methods
Research Interests:
Renewable resources: Utilization of algae, glycerol, fatty acids,
cellulose, lignin etc. as feed-stocks.
Catalysis/synthesis: for fine chemicals
Dr. Yogesh Borole
Chemist
Manager at the Aditya Birla Science & Technology Centre,
Mumbai. Major work areas are renewable resources, chloro-
chemicals, commercialization of lab processes, oleo chemicals
and alternate energy systems, high pressure gases, feasibility
studies for bio-fuels. Use of ultrasonic, microwave and UV
reactors for organic reaction. Use of spectroscopic and
chromatographic analytical techniques.
-Directed scale up /pilot plant studies
-Expert in using analytical methods
Research Interests:
Renewable resources: Utilization of algae, glycerol, fatty acids,
cellulose, lignin etc. as feed-stocks.
Catalysis/synthesis: for fine chemicals
ChemistryChemistry
PhotobiologyPhotobiology
Dr. Rajeshwar Prasad Sinha
Microbiologist, BioTechnologist
•Associate Professor, Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of
Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India. Industrial
Microbiology.
•Selected as an Outstanding Scientist of the 21st century by International Biographical
Centre (IBC), Cambridge, England, 2001, in honour of an outstanding contribution in the
field of ´Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology.
•Selected to review the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel report-2006 of United
Nations Environmental Programme.
•Courses taught: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemical and Molecular Techniques and
Bioinformatics, Photobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, Microbial
Genomics, Microbiology, Plant Metabolism and Biochemistry, Biofertilizer Technology
etc.
Dr. Rajeshwar Prasad Sinha
Microbiologist, BioTechnologist
•Associate Professor, Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of
Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India. Industrial
Microbiology.
•Selected as an Outstanding Scientist of the 21st century by International Biographical
Centre (IBC), Cambridge, England, 2001, in honour of an outstanding contribution in the
field of ´Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology.
•Selected to review the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel report-2006 of United
Nations Environmental Programme.
•Courses taught: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemical and Molecular Techniques and
Bioinformatics, Photobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, Microbial
Genomics, Microbiology, Plant Metabolism and Biochemistry, Biofertilizer Technology
etc.
BioChemistry / MicrobiologyBioChemistry / Microbiology
Mrs. Snehal Vijay More, M. Sc.
Senior Researcher Microbiology
National Chemical Laboratory
Microbiology:
• Microbiological techniques like handling,
isolations, maintenance of microorganisms,
• Fermentation
• Preservation of microbiological cultures
• Identification of microorganisms
Enzymology: Enzyme production,
• Protein extraction, purification
UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromatography
Mrs. Snehal Vijay More, M. Sc.
Senior Researcher Microbiology
National Chemical Laboratory
Microbiology:
• Microbiological techniques like handling,
isolations, maintenance of microorganisms,
• Fermentation
• Preservation of microbiological cultures
• Identification of microorganisms
Enzymology: Enzyme production,
• Protein extraction, purification
UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromatography
Pharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Chemistry
Dr. Rakesh Somani
Pharmacist
Senior Researcher, Professor
AREAS OF RESEARCH:
Green Chemistry and Microwave Synthesis,
Heterocyclic Chemistry in anti-TB, anti-HIV and
anti-cancer areas.
• Principal Collaborator for NIH, National Institute
of Cancer (NCI), USA.
• Principal Collaborator for Rega Institute of
Medical Research, Belgium.
Dr. Rakesh Somani
Pharmacist
Senior Researcher, Professor
AREAS OF RESEARCH:
Green Chemistry and Microwave Synthesis,
Heterocyclic Chemistry in anti-TB, anti-HIV and
anti-cancer areas.
• Principal Collaborator for NIH, National Institute
of Cancer (NCI), USA.
• Principal Collaborator for Rega Institute of
Medical Research, Belgium.
Engineering & FinanceEngineering & Finance
Mr.Swapnil Maheshmale
MBA, ME, BE
MBA-Finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of
Management, Masters of Engineering (ME-Mechanical)
Automobile, Agricultural, Pharmaceutical Industries
• Pharmaceutical machinery design &
development.
• Agricultural Machinery
• New Product Design, Research
• Strategic planning
• Special Interest in Financial Control, Project
management, Risk Management, Resource
Planning in Pharmaceutical Machinery
Development
Mr.Swapnil Maheshmale
MBA, ME, BE
MBA-Finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of
Management, Masters of Engineering (ME-Mechanical)
Automobile, Agricultural, Pharmaceutical Industries
• Pharmaceutical machinery design &
development.
• Agricultural Machinery
• New Product Design, Research
• Strategic planning
• Special Interest in Financial Control, Project
management, Risk Management, Resource
Planning in Pharmaceutical Machinery
Development
Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering
Mr. Rupesh Pimple, ME
• Mechanical Engineer with strong
background in industrial engineering,
factory operations production planning
and quality management.
• Factory layout, systems efficiency
calculations, operations including quality
control, production and planning.
• Special interest in applying IT to
industrial engineering operations.
Mr. Rupesh Pimple, ME
• Mechanical Engineer with strong
background in industrial engineering,
factory operations production planning
and quality management.
• Factory layout, systems efficiency
calculations, operations including quality
control, production and planning.
• Special interest in applying IT to
industrial engineering operations.
Mechanical Engineer, I.T.Mechanical Engineer, I.T.
Mr. Dinesh D. Gadekar ME
• A Mechanical/Production engineer with extensive
management experience and over 10 years cross-
functional experience in Vehicle Testing / Project
Execution / Operation / Product Development and
quality control and systems analysis.
• Proficiency in trials & tests for evaluation of newly
developed parts /products. Deftness in developing
need-based budgets while working with various
vendors, Testing/Quality of firing I.C. Engines
with BioFuels
• Special interest in Testing/ Project
Execution/Operations/ Product Development
Mr. Dinesh D. Gadekar ME
• A Mechanical/Production engineer with extensive
management experience and over 10 years cross-
functional experience in Vehicle Testing / Project
Execution / Operation / Product Development and
quality control and systems analysis.
• Proficiency in trials & tests for evaluation of newly
developed parts /products. Deftness in developing
need-based budgets while working with various
vendors, Testing/Quality of firing I.C. Engines
with BioFuels
• Special interest in Testing/ Project
Execution/Operations/ Product Development
BiotechnologyBiotechnology
Dr. Siddhivinayak. S. Barve
Biotechnologist
Distinctions: Gold Medalist at MSc, University of Mumbai
-Post Doctoral Programme in Transgenic Plants at the state-of-
the-art Purdue University,USA
-Executive Management Programme at prestigious Asian Institute
of Management, Manila, Philippines
-Reader & Head, Department of Botany and Coordinator,
Department of Biotechnology and CPE Biotech Lab
Research Projects:Coordinator, Designed and Developed
UGCCenter for Potential Excellence in Biotechnology
-Research and Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants at India
Institute of Technology
-Coordinator, International Interdisciplinary Research Project
India – EU Biotechnology Programme with university of Leiden,
Netherlands and University of Dusseldorf
-Jt Coodinator, Project of Bioremediation of lakes in Thane
Publications:
-Authored 13 Books , published articles in journals, newspapers
Dr. Siddhivinayak. S. Barve
Biotechnologist
Distinctions: Gold Medalist at MSc, University of Mumbai
-Post Doctoral Programme in Transgenic Plants at the state-of-
the-art Purdue University,USA
-Executive Management Programme at prestigious Asian Institute
of Management, Manila, Philippines
-Reader & Head, Department of Botany and Coordinator,
Department of Biotechnology and CPE Biotech Lab
Research Projects:Coordinator, Designed and Developed
UGCCenter for Potential Excellence in Biotechnology
-Research and Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants at India
Institute of Technology
-Coordinator, International Interdisciplinary Research Project
India – EU Biotechnology Programme with university of Leiden,
Netherlands and University of Dusseldorf
-Jt Coodinator, Project of Bioremediation of lakes in Thane
Publications:
-Authored 13 Books , published articles in journals, newspapers
Team ScientistsTeam Scientists
Biochemistry:
Dr. Veena Salvi
Engineering:
Mr. Satvindar
Biochemistry:
Dr. Veena Salvi
Engineering:
Mr. Satvindar
Sankalpa
Executive Team
Sankalpa
Executive Team
• Sagar Sanawe, CEO
Mr.Sanawe brings a wealth of
experience in management, project
execution, engineering and design in
the automotive and aerospace
industry including design of
BhraMos missile parts.
• Manager in thermal industries
supervising production of large scale
reactors, solid fuel boilers, heat
exchangers, vessels and director of
engineering teams in a wide range of
applications.
• Sagar Sanawe, CEO
Mr.Sanawe brings a wealth of
experience in management, project
execution, engineering and design in
the automotive and aerospace
industry including design of
BhraMos missile parts.
• Manager in thermal industries
supervising production of large scale
reactors, solid fuel boilers, heat
exchangers, vessels and director of
engineering teams in a wide range of
applications.
Photo
here
Chief Operations OfficerChief Operations Officer
Poonam Gandhi, ME:
• Founding member, Sankalpa
• Systems and Operations Analysis
• Strategic planning
• Project management
• International Sales/Marketing.
• Mechanical Engineer with experience of
product marketing, product management
activities including product life cycle,
market segment analysis
Poonam Gandhi, ME:
• Founding member, Sankalpa
• Systems and Operations Analysis
• Strategic planning
• Project management
• International Sales/Marketing.
• Mechanical Engineer with experience of
product marketing, product management
activities including product life cycle,
market segment analysis
SynergySynergy
Sankalpa’s team of scientists, engineers and
advisors is growing rapidly, excited to optimize the
synergistic expertise of our world-class research
capacity to lead the industry in the design,
engineering, construction and operation of
commercial facilities for species-adaptive
biotechnology.
Sankalpa’s team of scientists, engineers and
advisors is growing rapidly, excited to optimize the
synergistic expertise of our world-class research
capacity to lead the industry in the design,
engineering, construction and operation of
commercial facilities for species-adaptive
biotechnology.
In ClosingIn Closing
• Algae technology is perhaps the most important technology
of our time. It will provide an abundant, fertile and self-
developing source of protein, essential nutrients, medicine,
fuel, fish feed and fertilizer, offering even the potential of a
world without hunger.
• As a voracious “clean machine” for environmental
remediation and carbon fixation, algae offers the key for
capturing our CO2 overload, producing O2 and ensuring a
viable environment for future generations.
• Algae technology is perhaps the most important technology
of our time. It will provide an abundant, fertile and self-
developing source of protein, essential nutrients, medicine,
fuel, fish feed and fertilizer, offering even the potential of a
world without hunger.
• As a voracious “clean machine” for environmental
remediation and carbon fixation, algae offers the key for
capturing our CO2 overload, producing O2 and ensuring a
viable environment for future generations.
Global PotentialGlobal Potential
Despite climate change and natural resource exhaustion,
we are led by the sheer force of algae science to the
conclusion that algae has the capacity to solve virtually all
of the pressing resource and environmental issues of our
time, from “peak oil” to water supply to C02 sequestration.
The potential for positive change, and profit, is limitless.
Algae Technology changes the playing field for our future.
Despite climate change and natural resource exhaustion,
we are led by the sheer force of algae science to the
conclusion that algae has the capacity to solve virtually all
of the pressing resource and environmental issues of our
time, from “peak oil” to water supply to C02 sequestration.
The potential for positive change, and profit, is limitless.
Algae Technology changes the playing field for our future.
The missing link is the availability of
commercially viable photoreactors and extraction
machinery that will meet the challenges for algae
biotechnology. They key is synergy in terms of
building the team and in developing the
instrumentation.
The missing link is the availability of
commercially viable photoreactors and extraction
machinery that will meet the challenges for algae
biotechnology. They key is synergy in terms of
building the team and in developing the
instrumentation.
Missing Link: BiotechnologyMissing Link: Biotechnology
With a start-up investment of 125 million dollars,
the Sankalpa team of scientists and engineers will
produce biotechnology that will tap the global
potential for algae resources and turn global
problems into profit and sustainability.
With a start-up investment of 125 million dollars,
the Sankalpa team of scientists and engineers will
produce biotechnology that will tap the global
potential for algae resources and turn global
problems into profit and sustainability.
InvestmentInvestment
SANKALPASANKALPA
Recovering the FutureRecovering the Future

Contenu connexe

Similaire à Algae Fuel of the Future

Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011
Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011
Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011catherinegroves5
 
Biofuels: Their scope and limitations
Biofuels: Their scope and limitationsBiofuels: Their scope and limitations
Biofuels: Their scope and limitationsAkashRadhakrishnan4
 
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16bigterguy
 
Algae as alternative fuel
Algae as alternative fuelAlgae as alternative fuel
Algae as alternative fuelKARTHIGAI BALA
 
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First TimerAlgae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer70CentsaGallon
 
Algae Bioenergy Solutions
Algae Bioenergy SolutionsAlgae Bioenergy Solutions
Algae Bioenergy Solutionsbrentanhorn
 
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case Study
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case StudyShell Oil In Nigeria Case Study
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case Studykran2796
 
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.surf_mia079
 
Microalgae new-crop-feed-f
Microalgae new-crop-feed-fMicroalgae new-crop-feed-f
Microalgae new-crop-feed-fThe End Within
 
Biofuels News Review October 2019
Biofuels News Review October 2019Biofuels News Review October 2019
Biofuels News Review October 2019NNFCC
 
Green algae as a biofuel
Green algae as a biofuelGreen algae as a biofuel
Green algae as a biofuelAbhijit Biswas
 
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAEChallenge:Future
 

Similaire à Algae Fuel of the Future (20)

Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011
Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011
Sankalpa ppt 30slides,feb 27 2011
 
Biofuels: Their scope and limitations
Biofuels: Their scope and limitationsBiofuels: Their scope and limitations
Biofuels: Their scope and limitations
 
Press2[2]
Press2[2]Press2[2]
Press2[2]
 
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16
biofuelsdigest.com-What To Do With Algae 19-oct-16
 
Algae as alternative fuel
Algae as alternative fuelAlgae as alternative fuel
Algae as alternative fuel
 
Global 2009
Global 2009Global 2009
Global 2009
 
Project Potico
Project PoticoProject Potico
Project Potico
 
ABS Powerpoint
ABS PowerpointABS Powerpoint
ABS Powerpoint
 
Algae Bioenergy Solutions, LLC
Algae Bioenergy Solutions, LLCAlgae Bioenergy Solutions, LLC
Algae Bioenergy Solutions, LLC
 
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First TimerAlgae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer
Algae Renewable Energy Carbon Credit First Timer
 
Salvo May 2009
Salvo May 2009Salvo May 2009
Salvo May 2009
 
Oilgae - colloquium - John.ppt
Oilgae - colloquium - John.pptOilgae - colloquium - John.ppt
Oilgae - colloquium - John.ppt
 
Algae Bioenergy Solutions
Algae Bioenergy SolutionsAlgae Bioenergy Solutions
Algae Bioenergy Solutions
 
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case Study
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case StudyShell Oil In Nigeria Case Study
Shell Oil In Nigeria Case Study
 
Presentation1
Presentation1Presentation1
Presentation1
 
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.
Carbon Capture And Grow Cc Sus Conf.
 
Microalgae new-crop-feed-f
Microalgae new-crop-feed-fMicroalgae new-crop-feed-f
Microalgae new-crop-feed-f
 
Biofuels News Review October 2019
Biofuels News Review October 2019Biofuels News Review October 2019
Biofuels News Review October 2019
 
Green algae as a biofuel
Green algae as a biofuelGreen algae as a biofuel
Green algae as a biofuel
 
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE
[Challenge:Future] The World energy :ALGAE
 

Algae Fuel of the Future

  • 2. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.In the beginning…
  • 4. …breathing oxygen into the emerging elements of our embryonic Earth, dividing and replicating at exponential rates to create new climates, facilitating and co-creating a world in transformation.… …breathing oxygen into the emerging elements of our embryonic Earth, dividing and replicating at exponential rates to create new climates, facilitating and co-creating a world in transformation.…
  • 5. Today, this ancient life-giver reappears as the core topic of commercial and environmental interest in salvaging our energy economy and our planetary future - our hope for abundant fuel, medicine, food and carbon sequestration. Today, this ancient life-giver reappears as the core topic of commercial and environmental interest in salvaging our energy economy and our planetary future - our hope for abundant fuel, medicine, food and carbon sequestration.
  • 6.
  • 7. Algae Financial ForecastAlgae Financial Forecast In August, 2010, Global Information released a new market research report, Algae Biofuels Production Technologies Worldwide, in which they project that the total algae biofuels production technologies market (including cultivation technology sales, harvesting, extraction and fuels production facilities) will reach $1.6 billion in 2015. In August, 2010, Global Information released a new market research report, Algae Biofuels Production Technologies Worldwide, in which they project that the total algae biofuels production technologies market (including cultivation technology sales, harvesting, extraction and fuels production facilities) will reach $1.6 billion in 2015.
  • 8. According to the study…According to the study… “Starting at an estimated $271 million market size for 2010, this increase is significant and underscores that this is a quickly changing and evolving industry, expected to show an annual growth rate of nearly 43 percent.” “Starting at an estimated $271 million market size for 2010, this increase is significant and underscores that this is a quickly changing and evolving industry, expected to show an annual growth rate of nearly 43 percent.”
  • 9.
  • 10. • The Fuel/Resource of the Future • Investments • Commercialization • Nutraceuticals • Process / Reactors • Sankalpa: The Photoreactor Company / Team • Investment / Closing • The Fuel/Resource of the Future • Investments • Commercialization • Nutraceuticals • Process / Reactors • Sankalpa: The Photoreactor Company / Team • Investment / Closing
  • 12. The Fuel of the Future?The Fuel of the Future? • Algae produce 100 times more oil per acre than traditional food oilseed crops such as soy etc. Algae produces 4,000 -15,000 gallons of oil per acre per year versus 50 gallons per acre for soy, or approximately 26 gallons per hectare • Algae eat CO2, the major Global Warming Gas, and produce oxygen. • Algae require only sunshine and water, and thrive on waste and polluted waters • Algae do not compete with food crops for either agricultural land or fresh water. • Algae produce 100 times more oil per acre than traditional food oilseed crops such as soy etc. Algae produces 4,000 -15,000 gallons of oil per acre per year versus 50 gallons per acre for soy, or approximately 26 gallons per hectare • Algae eat CO2, the major Global Warming Gas, and produce oxygen. • Algae require only sunshine and water, and thrive on waste and polluted waters • Algae do not compete with food crops for either agricultural land or fresh water.
  • 13. “If we were to replace all of the diesel that we use in the United States, with an algae derivative, we could do it on an area of land less than one half of 1% of the current farm land that we now use.” Douglas Henston, Pres. Solix Algae Fuels “If we were to replace all of the diesel that we use in the United States, with an algae derivative, we could do it on an area of land less than one half of 1% of the current farm land that we now use.” Douglas Henston, Pres. Solix Algae Fuels Diesel FuelDiesel Fuel
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Simply put, algae out-compete virtually all other methods and resources for producing biofuel and essential nutrients. According to the University of Washington, algae require the least amount of crop land to meet fuel needs. Simply put, algae out-compete virtually all other methods and resources for producing biofuel and essential nutrients. According to the University of Washington, algae require the least amount of crop land to meet fuel needs.
  • 19. Investing In the Future of Fuel Investing In the Future of Fuel • In 2007, $32 million in venture capital was pumped into businesses working on algae fuel. • In 2008, that number reached $184 million worldwide, according to Cleantech Network, which tracks environmental industries.
  • 20. Shell OilShell Oil • In 2007 Shell Oil formed Cellana, a joint venture with HR Biopetroleum, which has established an open-pond salt water algae facility in Hawaii specializing in native local species. • In 2007 Shell Oil formed Cellana, a joint venture with HR Biopetroleum, which has established an open-pond salt water algae facility in Hawaii specializing in native local species.
  • 21. • In September, 2008, Bill Gates' Cascade Investment and three other companies gave a total of $100 million to Sapphire Energy, a San Diego company producing fuel from algae and other microorganisms. • In September, 2008, Bill Gates' Cascade Investment and three other companies gave a total of $100 million to Sapphire Energy, a San Diego company producing fuel from algae and other microorganisms. Bill GatesBill Gates
  • 22. AviationAviation • In November of 2008, Boeing announced the creation of the Algae Biofuel Organization, a coalition of aviation fuel users united to speed development of algae fuel. • In 2008, Virgin Airlines ran test flights using jet fuel from algae grown on sewage water, by Aquaflow Bionics, with Jet Blue following suit. • In November of 2008, Boeing announced the creation of the Algae Biofuel Organization, a coalition of aviation fuel users united to speed development of algae fuel. • In 2008, Virgin Airlines ran test flights using jet fuel from algae grown on sewage water, by Aquaflow Bionics, with Jet Blue following suit.
  • 23. ExxonMobil: $600 MillionExxonMobil: $600 Million • On July 15, 2009, Exxon announced a 600 million dollar investment into algae biofuel research. The research facility is based at partner Synthetic Genomics headquarters, and opened on July 14, 2010 in La Jolla, California. http://gigaom2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/exxonsynthetictestsite54.jpg • On July 15, 2009, Exxon announced a 600 million dollar investment into algae biofuel research. The research facility is based at partner Synthetic Genomics headquarters, and opened on July 14, 2010 in La Jolla, California. http://gigaom2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/exxonsynthetictestsite54.jpg
  • 24. Solazyme: $125 MillionSolazyme: $125 Million August 9, 2010: Seven-year-old Solazyme announced that it has raised $52 million in Series D financing from investors including Braemer Energy Ventures, Morgan Stanley, and Chevron Technology Ventures, the VC arm of the oil giant. Including this round, Solazyme has now raised over $125 million. August 9, 2010: Seven-year-old Solazyme announced that it has raised $52 million in Series D financing from investors including Braemer Energy Ventures, Morgan Stanley, and Chevron Technology Ventures, the VC arm of the oil giant. Including this round, Solazyme has now raised over $125 million.
  • 26. CountdownCountdown • There exist a divergence of opinion on the timelines for algal commercialization. • Groups are generally in the 10-year camp or the 2-3 year camp. • There exist a divergence of opinion on the timelines for algal commercialization. • Groups are generally in the 10-year camp or the 2-3 year camp.
  • 27. Ten Years?Ten Years? • In the ten year camp we find companies such as ExxonMobil and Sapphire Energy. • Sapphire’s commercialization path aims both short and long-term, with projections for 1 million gallons per year by 2011 to 1 billion gallons in the 2020s, while ExxonMobil’s biofuels chief Emil Jacobs has discussed algae in 10-year timelines. • In the ten year camp we find companies such as ExxonMobil and Sapphire Energy. • Sapphire’s commercialization path aims both short and long-term, with projections for 1 million gallons per year by 2011 to 1 billion gallons in the 2020s, while ExxonMobil’s biofuels chief Emil Jacobs has discussed algae in 10-year timelines.
  • 28. Two to Three Years?Two to Three Years? • On the other hand, according to Biofuel Digest, companies such as PetroAlgae, Algenol, Aurora and Solazyme are giving much shorter commercialization timelines. • On the other hand, according to Biofuel Digest, companies such as PetroAlgae, Algenol, Aurora and Solazyme are giving much shorter commercialization timelines.
  • 29. Solazyme: 2012Solazyme: 2012 • Solazyme, which produces sugar-fed algae without photosynthesis confirmed at last year’s Advanced Biofuels Development Summit that it would expect to have its first 100 million gallon per year (or large-scale commercial) facility in operation by 2012-13. • Solazyme, which produces sugar-fed algae without photosynthesis confirmed at last year’s Advanced Biofuels Development Summit that it would expect to have its first 100 million gallon per year (or large-scale commercial) facility in operation by 2012-13.
  • 30. Algenol: 2013Algenol: 2013 • Algenol’s Biofields project begins construction this year, and Biofields continues to guide the markets to expect commercial capacity by 2013 in the 250 million gallons per year range. • Algenol CEO Paul Woods expressed to the Biofuel Digest last year that he would regard the achievement of only 300 Mgy in capacity by mid-decade as a “disappointment”. http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/i/bto/20080612/algenol_270x292.GIF • Algenol’s Biofields project begins construction this year, and Biofields continues to guide the markets to expect commercial capacity by 2013 in the 250 million gallons per year range. • Algenol CEO Paul Woods expressed to the Biofuel Digest last year that he would regard the achievement of only 300 Mgy in capacity by mid-decade as a “disappointment”. http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/i/bto/20080612/algenol_270x292.GIF
  • 31. Aurora Algae: 2013Aurora Algae: 2013 • Sept 2010 - Aurora Algae CEO Greg Bafalis forecasted the company could reap $100,000 in gross revenue per acre, and plans to be in large commercial production within 30 months, quickly scaling up to 1,000-plus acres. The company is constructing a first demonstration facility in Australia. “In about two and a half years we’ll be cash flow positive,” Bafalis predicted. “We’ll be tackling private equity and venture capital in the next year.” The company has raised $40 million to date, with its third round in March, 2010, yielding $15 million. http://venturebeat.com/2010/09/13/aurora%E2%80%99s-rebranding-bets-on-protein-bars-and-lotion-not-biofuel/ • Sept 2010 - Aurora Algae CEO Greg Bafalis forecasted the company could reap $100,000 in gross revenue per acre, and plans to be in large commercial production within 30 months, quickly scaling up to 1,000-plus acres. The company is constructing a first demonstration facility in Australia. “In about two and a half years we’ll be cash flow positive,” Bafalis predicted. “We’ll be tackling private equity and venture capital in the next year.” The company has raised $40 million to date, with its third round in March, 2010, yielding $15 million. http://venturebeat.com/2010/09/13/aurora%E2%80%99s-rebranding-bets-on-protein-bars-and-lotion-not-biofuel/
  • 32.
  • 33. • October, 2010: Aviation industry giants including British Airways and Airbus are supporting a project at the UK's Cranfield University to investigate ways of harvesting algae for jet fuel in commercial quantities. British Airways announced earlier this year it was establishing a facility in east London to convert 500,000 tonnes of waste a year into 16 million gallons of jet fuel. The airline said it would use low-carbon fuel to power part of its fleet by 2014. http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2010/10/algae-as-aviation- fuel.html • October, 2010: Aviation industry giants including British Airways and Airbus are supporting a project at the UK's Cranfield University to investigate ways of harvesting algae for jet fuel in commercial quantities. British Airways announced earlier this year it was establishing a facility in east London to convert 500,000 tonnes of waste a year into 16 million gallons of jet fuel. The airline said it would use low-carbon fuel to power part of its fleet by 2014. http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2010/10/algae-as-aviation- fuel.html British Airways: 2014British Airways: 2014
  • 34. Algae Cultivation ProcessAlgae Cultivation Process
  • 35. Simple Process: Fuel and Biomass Simple ProcessSimple Process
  • 43. Seambiotic, an Israeli firm, uses raceway/paddle-wheel open-pond algae cultivation growth fed by C02 flue-gas from a nearby power plant. Seambiotic, an Israeli firm, uses raceway/paddle-wheel open-pond algae cultivation growth fed by C02 flue-gas from a nearby power plant. Raceway and Paddle WheelRaceway and Paddle Wheel
  • 44. Photoreactor YieldsPhotoreactor Yields • Production w Closed System • High Nutrient Input or Waste Stream • Single Species in Controlled Environment: 30,000 -100,000 gallons per year per acre • Production w Closed System • High Nutrient Input or Waste Stream • Single Species in Controlled Environment: 30,000 -100,000 gallons per year per acre
  • 46. • Algae are a rich and varied source of pharmacologically active natural products and nutraceuticals. While nutraceutical and pharmaceutical content in the baseline algae strain is very small, current market values for these products are extremely high. • The major products currently being commercialized or under consideration for commercial extraction include carotenoids, phycobilins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, sterols, and biologically active molecules for use in human and animal health. • Algae are a rich and varied source of pharmacologically active natural products and nutraceuticals. While nutraceutical and pharmaceutical content in the baseline algae strain is very small, current market values for these products are extremely high. • The major products currently being commercialized or under consideration for commercial extraction include carotenoids, phycobilins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, sterols, and biologically active molecules for use in human and animal health.
  • 47. • Algae yield omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and oils at more profitable margins than other methods of production. • Common species of nutritional supplements include Spirulina, Chlorella and Duniella • Algae extracts are used for health supplements, pharmaceuticals, soaps, lotions, protein bars, shakes, and beauty products. • Algae yield omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and oils at more profitable margins than other methods of production. • Common species of nutritional supplements include Spirulina, Chlorella and Duniella • Algae extracts are used for health supplements, pharmaceuticals, soaps, lotions, protein bars, shakes, and beauty products. Omega 3Omega 3
  • 48. Nutraceuticals per KiloNutraceuticals per Kilo According to BioCentric, which has invested $600,000 in its line of algae nutraceuticals: • Haemaotoccocus has a current market value of $341 per kilogram, • Chlorella clocks in at $44 per kilo and • Spirulina sells for $20 per kilo According to BioCentric, which has invested $600,000 in its line of algae nutraceuticals: • Haemaotoccocus has a current market value of $341 per kilogram, • Chlorella clocks in at $44 per kilo and • Spirulina sells for $20 per kilo
  • 49. The pharmaceutical industry is growing at a CAGR of around 8% while the global pharmaceutical market is forecasted to reach US$ 1043.4 billion in 2012. Use of algae, especially cyanobacteria based active compounds, has received ever-increasing interest as: • Antimicrobials, Antivirals & Antifungals • Neuroprotective Products • Therapeutic proteins • Drugs The pharmaceutical industry is growing at a CAGR of around 8% while the global pharmaceutical market is forecasted to reach US$ 1043.4 billion in 2012. Use of algae, especially cyanobacteria based active compounds, has received ever-increasing interest as: • Antimicrobials, Antivirals & Antifungals • Neuroprotective Products • Therapeutic proteins • Drugs
  • 50. DOW ChemicalsDOW Chemicals Dow Chemical's Steve Gluck notes major opportunity in the chemical industry for algae compared to biofuels. "To get into the algae market, I think you might have to capture the chemical sector based on how much algae feedstock is needed in the chemical industry compared to the fuel refineries," said Gluck. "Chemicals need a pure material that algae can produce while fuels can have blended components. Dow Chemical's Steve Gluck notes major opportunity in the chemical industry for algae compared to biofuels. "To get into the algae market, I think you might have to capture the chemical sector based on how much algae feedstock is needed in the chemical industry compared to the fuel refineries," said Gluck. "Chemicals need a pure material that algae can produce while fuels can have blended components.
  • 51. Green PolymersGreen Polymers Co-products from algae, including green polymers, chemicals and animal feed, will play a decisive role in the success of established and emerging algae production ventures. Co-products from algae, including green polymers, chemicals and animal feed, will play a decisive role in the success of established and emerging algae production ventures.
  • 52. Algae as ProteinAlgae as Protein • According to the FAO, the world protein consumption is set to increase 74 percent by 2050, surpassing the replenishment of wild and farm-raised fish and livestock populations. • Algae can provide high-concentration EPA oils and protein extracts, and low-cost fish meal for aquaculture facilities. • Algae production systems will play an important role in addressing the growing worldwide demand for protein and Omega-3 fatty acids while reducing overfishing. • According to the FAO, the world protein consumption is set to increase 74 percent by 2050, surpassing the replenishment of wild and farm-raised fish and livestock populations. • Algae can provide high-concentration EPA oils and protein extracts, and low-cost fish meal for aquaculture facilities. • Algae production systems will play an important role in addressing the growing worldwide demand for protein and Omega-3 fatty acids while reducing overfishing.
  • 53. Algae TrendsAlgae Trends • Current trends in Algae production include expansion from fuels to nutritional supplements, beauty products and pharmaceuticals. • Alameda CA (SPX) Sep 15, 2010 Aurora Algae has announced its transition from pilot technology development into full-scale commercialization of the Company's proprietary algae products, including high concentration eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA Omega-3 fatty acids), high-density proteins, fish meal and renewable fuels. • Current trends in Algae production include expansion from fuels to nutritional supplements, beauty products and pharmaceuticals. • Alameda CA (SPX) Sep 15, 2010 Aurora Algae has announced its transition from pilot technology development into full-scale commercialization of the Company's proprietary algae products, including high concentration eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA Omega-3 fatty acids), high-density proteins, fish meal and renewable fuels.
  • 54. • The markets for both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are growing quickly worldwide, and it is this global scope that particularly attracts marketers. • A growing proportion of today’s promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research focuses on the production of promising compounds from algae. Thus, the untapped potential of algae in the field of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals has to be still explored to grow and capitalize on tremendous global marketing opportunities • The markets for both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are growing quickly worldwide, and it is this global scope that particularly attracts marketers. • A growing proportion of today’s promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research focuses on the production of promising compounds from algae. Thus, the untapped potential of algae in the field of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals has to be still explored to grow and capitalize on tremendous global marketing opportunities
  • 56. VisionVision Sankalpa will serve global sustainability and abundance by manufacturing machinery for tapping the unlimited potential of algae to meet ever-increasing human needs for clean fuel, energy, food, medicine, water and CO2 sequestration. In so doing we will create a profitable means toward restoring our environment for future generations. Sankalpa will serve global sustainability and abundance by manufacturing machinery for tapping the unlimited potential of algae to meet ever-increasing human needs for clean fuel, energy, food, medicine, water and CO2 sequestration. In so doing we will create a profitable means toward restoring our environment for future generations.
  • 57. MissionMission Sankalpa’s mission is to lead the global market in the production of photoreactors and versatile extraction machinery, applicable to an increasingly vast spectrum of useful microorganisms, in order to most cost-efficiently produce essential products including fuel, pharmaceuticals, foods, nutritional supplements, fertilizers, fishmeal and cosmetics. Sankalpa’s mission is to lead the global market in the production of photoreactors and versatile extraction machinery, applicable to an increasingly vast spectrum of useful microorganisms, in order to most cost-efficiently produce essential products including fuel, pharmaceuticals, foods, nutritional supplements, fertilizers, fishmeal and cosmetics.
  • 58. “Integration, diversity and versatility are key values in our adaptable systems” says Sankalpa’s CEO Sagar Sanawe. “Integration, diversity and versatility are key values in our adaptable systems” says Sankalpa’s CEO Sagar Sanawe. VersatilityVersatility
  • 59. “The industry is in a rapid discovery phase. Our reactors will be designed to continuously absorb new efficiencies, to self-improve with plug-in and modular capacity to integrate new methods and growth media seamlessly into last generation machinery.” “Versatility in the creation of customized reactors for specific species of microorganisms targeting end products, such as pharmaceuticals will prove more profitable, within an earlier time frame, than solely biofuels. CEO Sagar Sanawe “The industry is in a rapid discovery phase. Our reactors will be designed to continuously absorb new efficiencies, to self-improve with plug-in and modular capacity to integrate new methods and growth media seamlessly into last generation machinery.” “Versatility in the creation of customized reactors for specific species of microorganisms targeting end products, such as pharmaceuticals will prove more profitable, within an earlier time frame, than solely biofuels. CEO Sagar Sanawe
  • 60. Strategic AlliancesStrategic Alliances In partnership with Biogreen SA of South America, Sankalpa is constructing a first hybrid-reactor/pond demonstration facility on a 21 acre property in Uruguay, South America. The project will begin with one hectare ponds, along with a series of closed-reactor systems for testing adaptable equipment optimizing key strains of commercially viable algae. In partnership with Biogreen SA of South America, Sankalpa is constructing a first hybrid-reactor/pond demonstration facility on a 21 acre property in Uruguay, South America. The project will begin with one hectare ponds, along with a series of closed-reactor systems for testing adaptable equipment optimizing key strains of commercially viable algae.
  • 62. Dr. Yogesh Borole Chemist Manager at the Aditya Birla Science & Technology Centre, Mumbai. Major work areas are renewable resources, chloro- chemicals, commercialization of lab processes, oleo chemicals and alternate energy systems, high pressure gases, feasibility studies for bio-fuels. Use of ultrasonic, microwave and UV reactors for organic reaction. Use of spectroscopic and chromatographic analytical techniques. -Directed scale up /pilot plant studies -Expert in using analytical methods Research Interests: Renewable resources: Utilization of algae, glycerol, fatty acids, cellulose, lignin etc. as feed-stocks. Catalysis/synthesis: for fine chemicals Dr. Yogesh Borole Chemist Manager at the Aditya Birla Science & Technology Centre, Mumbai. Major work areas are renewable resources, chloro- chemicals, commercialization of lab processes, oleo chemicals and alternate energy systems, high pressure gases, feasibility studies for bio-fuels. Use of ultrasonic, microwave and UV reactors for organic reaction. Use of spectroscopic and chromatographic analytical techniques. -Directed scale up /pilot plant studies -Expert in using analytical methods Research Interests: Renewable resources: Utilization of algae, glycerol, fatty acids, cellulose, lignin etc. as feed-stocks. Catalysis/synthesis: for fine chemicals ChemistryChemistry
  • 63. PhotobiologyPhotobiology Dr. Rajeshwar Prasad Sinha Microbiologist, BioTechnologist •Associate Professor, Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India. Industrial Microbiology. •Selected as an Outstanding Scientist of the 21st century by International Biographical Centre (IBC), Cambridge, England, 2001, in honour of an outstanding contribution in the field of ´Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology. •Selected to review the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel report-2006 of United Nations Environmental Programme. •Courses taught: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemical and Molecular Techniques and Bioinformatics, Photobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, Microbial Genomics, Microbiology, Plant Metabolism and Biochemistry, Biofertilizer Technology etc. Dr. Rajeshwar Prasad Sinha Microbiologist, BioTechnologist •Associate Professor, Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi India. Industrial Microbiology. •Selected as an Outstanding Scientist of the 21st century by International Biographical Centre (IBC), Cambridge, England, 2001, in honour of an outstanding contribution in the field of ´Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology. •Selected to review the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel report-2006 of United Nations Environmental Programme. •Courses taught: Cell and Molecular Biology, Biochemical and Molecular Techniques and Bioinformatics, Photobiology and Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, Microbial Genomics, Microbiology, Plant Metabolism and Biochemistry, Biofertilizer Technology etc.
  • 64. BioChemistry / MicrobiologyBioChemistry / Microbiology Mrs. Snehal Vijay More, M. Sc. Senior Researcher Microbiology National Chemical Laboratory Microbiology: • Microbiological techniques like handling, isolations, maintenance of microorganisms, • Fermentation • Preservation of microbiological cultures • Identification of microorganisms Enzymology: Enzyme production, • Protein extraction, purification UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromatography Mrs. Snehal Vijay More, M. Sc. Senior Researcher Microbiology National Chemical Laboratory Microbiology: • Microbiological techniques like handling, isolations, maintenance of microorganisms, • Fermentation • Preservation of microbiological cultures • Identification of microorganisms Enzymology: Enzyme production, • Protein extraction, purification UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Chromatography
  • 65. Pharmaceutical ChemistryPharmaceutical Chemistry Dr. Rakesh Somani Pharmacist Senior Researcher, Professor AREAS OF RESEARCH: Green Chemistry and Microwave Synthesis, Heterocyclic Chemistry in anti-TB, anti-HIV and anti-cancer areas. • Principal Collaborator for NIH, National Institute of Cancer (NCI), USA. • Principal Collaborator for Rega Institute of Medical Research, Belgium. Dr. Rakesh Somani Pharmacist Senior Researcher, Professor AREAS OF RESEARCH: Green Chemistry and Microwave Synthesis, Heterocyclic Chemistry in anti-TB, anti-HIV and anti-cancer areas. • Principal Collaborator for NIH, National Institute of Cancer (NCI), USA. • Principal Collaborator for Rega Institute of Medical Research, Belgium.
  • 66. Engineering & FinanceEngineering & Finance Mr.Swapnil Maheshmale MBA, ME, BE MBA-Finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management, Masters of Engineering (ME-Mechanical) Automobile, Agricultural, Pharmaceutical Industries • Pharmaceutical machinery design & development. • Agricultural Machinery • New Product Design, Research • Strategic planning • Special Interest in Financial Control, Project management, Risk Management, Resource Planning in Pharmaceutical Machinery Development Mr.Swapnil Maheshmale MBA, ME, BE MBA-Finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management, Masters of Engineering (ME-Mechanical) Automobile, Agricultural, Pharmaceutical Industries • Pharmaceutical machinery design & development. • Agricultural Machinery • New Product Design, Research • Strategic planning • Special Interest in Financial Control, Project management, Risk Management, Resource Planning in Pharmaceutical Machinery Development
  • 67. Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering Mr. Rupesh Pimple, ME • Mechanical Engineer with strong background in industrial engineering, factory operations production planning and quality management. • Factory layout, systems efficiency calculations, operations including quality control, production and planning. • Special interest in applying IT to industrial engineering operations. Mr. Rupesh Pimple, ME • Mechanical Engineer with strong background in industrial engineering, factory operations production planning and quality management. • Factory layout, systems efficiency calculations, operations including quality control, production and planning. • Special interest in applying IT to industrial engineering operations.
  • 68. Mechanical Engineer, I.T.Mechanical Engineer, I.T. Mr. Dinesh D. Gadekar ME • A Mechanical/Production engineer with extensive management experience and over 10 years cross- functional experience in Vehicle Testing / Project Execution / Operation / Product Development and quality control and systems analysis. • Proficiency in trials & tests for evaluation of newly developed parts /products. Deftness in developing need-based budgets while working with various vendors, Testing/Quality of firing I.C. Engines with BioFuels • Special interest in Testing/ Project Execution/Operations/ Product Development Mr. Dinesh D. Gadekar ME • A Mechanical/Production engineer with extensive management experience and over 10 years cross- functional experience in Vehicle Testing / Project Execution / Operation / Product Development and quality control and systems analysis. • Proficiency in trials & tests for evaluation of newly developed parts /products. Deftness in developing need-based budgets while working with various vendors, Testing/Quality of firing I.C. Engines with BioFuels • Special interest in Testing/ Project Execution/Operations/ Product Development
  • 69. BiotechnologyBiotechnology Dr. Siddhivinayak. S. Barve Biotechnologist Distinctions: Gold Medalist at MSc, University of Mumbai -Post Doctoral Programme in Transgenic Plants at the state-of- the-art Purdue University,USA -Executive Management Programme at prestigious Asian Institute of Management, Manila, Philippines -Reader & Head, Department of Botany and Coordinator, Department of Biotechnology and CPE Biotech Lab Research Projects:Coordinator, Designed and Developed UGCCenter for Potential Excellence in Biotechnology -Research and Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants at India Institute of Technology -Coordinator, International Interdisciplinary Research Project India – EU Biotechnology Programme with university of Leiden, Netherlands and University of Dusseldorf -Jt Coodinator, Project of Bioremediation of lakes in Thane Publications: -Authored 13 Books , published articles in journals, newspapers Dr. Siddhivinayak. S. Barve Biotechnologist Distinctions: Gold Medalist at MSc, University of Mumbai -Post Doctoral Programme in Transgenic Plants at the state-of- the-art Purdue University,USA -Executive Management Programme at prestigious Asian Institute of Management, Manila, Philippines -Reader & Head, Department of Botany and Coordinator, Department of Biotechnology and CPE Biotech Lab Research Projects:Coordinator, Designed and Developed UGCCenter for Potential Excellence in Biotechnology -Research and Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants at India Institute of Technology -Coordinator, International Interdisciplinary Research Project India – EU Biotechnology Programme with university of Leiden, Netherlands and University of Dusseldorf -Jt Coodinator, Project of Bioremediation of lakes in Thane Publications: -Authored 13 Books , published articles in journals, newspapers
  • 70. Team ScientistsTeam Scientists Biochemistry: Dr. Veena Salvi Engineering: Mr. Satvindar Biochemistry: Dr. Veena Salvi Engineering: Mr. Satvindar
  • 71. Sankalpa Executive Team Sankalpa Executive Team • Sagar Sanawe, CEO Mr.Sanawe brings a wealth of experience in management, project execution, engineering and design in the automotive and aerospace industry including design of BhraMos missile parts. • Manager in thermal industries supervising production of large scale reactors, solid fuel boilers, heat exchangers, vessels and director of engineering teams in a wide range of applications. • Sagar Sanawe, CEO Mr.Sanawe brings a wealth of experience in management, project execution, engineering and design in the automotive and aerospace industry including design of BhraMos missile parts. • Manager in thermal industries supervising production of large scale reactors, solid fuel boilers, heat exchangers, vessels and director of engineering teams in a wide range of applications. Photo here
  • 72. Chief Operations OfficerChief Operations Officer Poonam Gandhi, ME: • Founding member, Sankalpa • Systems and Operations Analysis • Strategic planning • Project management • International Sales/Marketing. • Mechanical Engineer with experience of product marketing, product management activities including product life cycle, market segment analysis Poonam Gandhi, ME: • Founding member, Sankalpa • Systems and Operations Analysis • Strategic planning • Project management • International Sales/Marketing. • Mechanical Engineer with experience of product marketing, product management activities including product life cycle, market segment analysis
  • 73. SynergySynergy Sankalpa’s team of scientists, engineers and advisors is growing rapidly, excited to optimize the synergistic expertise of our world-class research capacity to lead the industry in the design, engineering, construction and operation of commercial facilities for species-adaptive biotechnology. Sankalpa’s team of scientists, engineers and advisors is growing rapidly, excited to optimize the synergistic expertise of our world-class research capacity to lead the industry in the design, engineering, construction and operation of commercial facilities for species-adaptive biotechnology.
  • 74. In ClosingIn Closing • Algae technology is perhaps the most important technology of our time. It will provide an abundant, fertile and self- developing source of protein, essential nutrients, medicine, fuel, fish feed and fertilizer, offering even the potential of a world without hunger. • As a voracious “clean machine” for environmental remediation and carbon fixation, algae offers the key for capturing our CO2 overload, producing O2 and ensuring a viable environment for future generations. • Algae technology is perhaps the most important technology of our time. It will provide an abundant, fertile and self- developing source of protein, essential nutrients, medicine, fuel, fish feed and fertilizer, offering even the potential of a world without hunger. • As a voracious “clean machine” for environmental remediation and carbon fixation, algae offers the key for capturing our CO2 overload, producing O2 and ensuring a viable environment for future generations.
  • 75. Global PotentialGlobal Potential Despite climate change and natural resource exhaustion, we are led by the sheer force of algae science to the conclusion that algae has the capacity to solve virtually all of the pressing resource and environmental issues of our time, from “peak oil” to water supply to C02 sequestration. The potential for positive change, and profit, is limitless. Algae Technology changes the playing field for our future. Despite climate change and natural resource exhaustion, we are led by the sheer force of algae science to the conclusion that algae has the capacity to solve virtually all of the pressing resource and environmental issues of our time, from “peak oil” to water supply to C02 sequestration. The potential for positive change, and profit, is limitless. Algae Technology changes the playing field for our future.
  • 76. The missing link is the availability of commercially viable photoreactors and extraction machinery that will meet the challenges for algae biotechnology. They key is synergy in terms of building the team and in developing the instrumentation. The missing link is the availability of commercially viable photoreactors and extraction machinery that will meet the challenges for algae biotechnology. They key is synergy in terms of building the team and in developing the instrumentation. Missing Link: BiotechnologyMissing Link: Biotechnology
  • 77. With a start-up investment of 125 million dollars, the Sankalpa team of scientists and engineers will produce biotechnology that will tap the global potential for algae resources and turn global problems into profit and sustainability. With a start-up investment of 125 million dollars, the Sankalpa team of scientists and engineers will produce biotechnology that will tap the global potential for algae resources and turn global problems into profit and sustainability. InvestmentInvestment