Seminar given at ILRI, International Livestock Institute

1. Uncovering DHS Data for Livestock Research
Catherine Pfeifer, Stephen Oloo
Nairobi
3rd February 2017

2. Content
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Background
• DHS data description
• Spatial DHS units
• Survey types
• Standard DHS survey
DHS use in
livestock
• Agricultural population mapping
• Poor livestock keeper mapping
• Gender context maps for value chain
• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food
Potential future
research
• Creating absolute poverty maps
• Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition
• Conclusion

3. Content
3
DHS data
• Background
• Spatial DHS units
• Survey types
• Standard DHS survey
DHS use in
livestock
• Agricultural population mapping
• Poor livestock keeper mapping
• Gender context maps for value chain
• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food
Potential future
research
• Creating absolute poverty maps
• Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition
• Conclusion

4. DHS data : Background
• DHS program was established in 1984 by the USAID
• Carries out nationally representative demographic and health
surveys
• Objectives
 Support decision making
 Improve coordination and partnerships in data collection
 Develop capacity
 Improve tools and methods for data collection and analysis
 Improve the dissemination and utilization of data
• Main funding for the surveys come from the USAID
• More than 300 nationally representative surveys have been carried
out in about 90 countries
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5. DHS data : Spatiality of DHS data
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DHS units :
Admin units at which the survey is representative
Cluster coordinates :
Cluster is a group of 20-40 households
Centroid of the household location is shifted (2km in
urban, 5km in rural area)

6. DHS data : Survey Types
• The types of data collected varies by survey type and level
(individual/household) survey
• Survey types:
• Service Provision Assessment (SPA)
• HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS)
• Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS)
• Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (Standard DHS Surveys & Interim DHS
Surveys)
• DHS is not open data, needs to be requested for specific projects
and under reporting conditions.
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7. DHS data : Structure of the Standard Survey
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Standard DHS
Women
survey
Men
survey
Household
survey
Children
survey
• Basic data
• Health and
breastfeeding
• Child’s health
• Partner’s
characteristics
• Domestic
violence
HH Characteristics
(Assets and wealth
index)
Sampling :
Over-sampling/ Under-sampling=> correction factors are provided
Sampling is representative at “DHS unit” level (often admin unit)

8. DHS data : Standard DHS data we work with

9. Content
9
Background
• DHS data description
• Spatial DHS units
• Survey types
• Standard DHS survey
DHS use in
livestock
• Agricultural population mapping
• Poor livestock keeper mapping
• Gender context maps for value chain
• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food
Potential future
research
• Creating absolute poverty maps
• Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition
• Conclusion

10. • Suppress the rural-urban
divide
• Extract cluster level data
– Livestock ownership (cattle,
sheep, goat, chicken, pigs)
– Reporting depending on
agriculture
• Currently testing mapping
methods and correlation
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Illustration : Agricultural population mapping

11. • Wealth index
– Relative poverty measurement
– Classifying HH in quintiles based on consumer items
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Poorest = poorest 20%
Poorer = poorest 40%
From the sample
Illustration : Poor livestock keeper mapping

12. • Targeting : will only include
gender if we can map
gender context
• Combining DHS data from
women survey with OECD
• Used DHS variables :
education, power, asset
ownership, access to news
• Factor analysis :
1. High education
2. High family labor
3. Legal discrimination from finance
and public space
4. Land ownership alone (at hh level)
5. Legal discrimination for land and
non-land assets
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Illustration : Gender context maps for value chain

13. 13
IMPACT GE model :
ASF demand and
consumption => national
average
What does it mean for
the poor livestock
keeper?
• Do poor people keep
more or less
livestock?
Data : wealth index and livestock ownership
Illustration : linkage between poverty and livestock ownership

14. 14
Data used : wealth index, livestock ownership, 24h
recall for children between 1-5 years old
What does it mean
for the poor
livestock keeper?
• Do poor livestock
keeper consume
more ASF?
Illustration : linkage between livestock ownership and animal
sourced food

15. Content
15
Background
• DHS data description
• Spatial DHS units
• Survey types
• Standard DHS survey
DHS use in
livestock
• Agricultural population mapping
• Poor livestock keeper mapping
• Gender context maps for value chain
• Understanding linkage between livestock ownership and animal sourced food
Potential future
research
• Creating absolute poverty maps
• Investigate linkage between livestock ownership and nutrition
• Conclusion

16. • Absolute poverty maps
– Linking to WDI poverty indicators
(1.9$, 3.1$ poverty line)
• Improved understanding of the linkages between livestock
ownership and nutrition
– Role of markets (degree of urbanity)
– Linkages with other food items than ASF
• Assessing the linkage between herd size and composition and
wealth
All is a spatio-temporal context
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Potential Future Research

17. • DHS is a health survey with livestock
information, no crops
• Wealth measure is based on consumption
and is relative
– Lots of consumer items are available
• There is children and mothers nutrition data
• It is spatially explicit and can be mapped
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Conclusion

18. DHS gives us new insights on the role of
livestock for the poor based on more than a
million observation points across the developing
world
c.pfeifer@cgiar.org, s.oloo@cgiar.org
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