4. Learning Outcomes
Select and develop a workable topic for your
assignment
Incorporate information into your own work
appropriately
5. Learning Outcomes
Select and develop a workable topic for your
assignment
Incorporate information into your own work
appropriately
Construct accurate citations in Chicago Style
7. Thinking Through/Around a Topic
Identify different aspects of your topic - searches
are more effective if you focus on these rather than
the entire broad topic
8. Thinking Through/Around a Topic
Identify different aspects of your topic - searches
are more effective if you focus on these rather than
the entire broad topic
Use your subject knowledge and/or reference
sources to help you think through and around a
topic
9. Thinking Through/Around a Topic
Identify different aspects of your topic - searches
are more effective if you focus on these rather than
the entire broad topic
Use your subject knowledge and/or reference
sources to help you think through and around a
topic
Let’s illustrate this idea with an example...
14. The Roman Empire The Scramble for Africa
Western Imperialism
Cultural and Racial
Aspects
15. The Roman Empire The Scramble for Africa
Western Imperialism
Cultural and Racial Relationship with
Aspects Colonialism
16. Exercise 1
Try it yourself! Using your own knowledge or the Library’s reference tools, come
up with some ideas for focusing the following topic:
The Spanish American Empire
18. How to read your sources
It is unnecessary (and
impossible!) to read all of the
useful books that you will find
cover-to-cover
19. How to read your sources
It is unnecessary (and
impossible!) to read all of the
useful books that you will find
cover-to-cover
Instead, scan each book for
passages relevant to your topic
20. How to read your sources
It is unnecessary (and
impossible!) to read all of the
useful books that you will find
cover-to-cover
Instead, scan each book for
passages relevant to your topic
Use chapter headings and the
index to help locate these
passages. In e-books, you can
use the search function.
22. Paraphrasing - What is it?
A paraphrase is essentially writing information obtained
from another source or the ideas of another person in your
own words
23. Paraphrasing - What is it?
A paraphrase is essentially writing information obtained
from another source or the ideas of another person in your
own words
Using paraphrasing, you can legitimately incorporate a
source into your own work - but a citation to the original
work is still absolutely necessary
24. Paraphrasing - What is it?
A paraphrase is essentially writing information obtained
from another source or the ideas of another person in your
own words
Using paraphrasing, you can legitimately incorporate a
source into your own work - but a citation to the original
work is still absolutely necessary
It is more than simply changing a few words in the original!
25. Paraphrasing - What is it?
A paraphrase is essentially writing information obtained
from another source or the ideas of another person in your
own words
Using paraphrasing, you can legitimately incorporate a
source into your own work - but a citation to the original
work is still absolutely necessary
It is more than simply changing a few words in the original!
A paraphrase is also distinct from a summary
28. Why Paraphrase?
Helps prevent you from
overusing quotation
Much better than quoting from
an undistinguished passage
29. Why Paraphrase?
Helps prevent you from
overusing quotation
Much better than quoting from
an undistinguished passage
Allows you to really come to
grips with the material and
understand the full meaning
30. Paraphrasing Example - Original
“By the middle of the eighteenth century, enthusiasm for overseas settlement, and
the political, judicial, and moral debates that it had aroused, were already on the
wane. With the outbreak of the American War of Independence in 1776, it had
become clear to a great many that colonization was potentially as much a threat to
the colonizers as it had always so evidently been for the colonized.”1
1. Jack P. Greene, Anthony Pagden "Colonialism" Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. Ed. Alan Charles
Kors. Oxford University Press 2003. Hong Kong Baptist University. 30 August 2011 <http://0-
www.oxfordreference.com.hkbulib.hkbu.edu.hk/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t173.e139-
s002>
31. Paraphrasing Example - Legitimate Paraphrase
As early as 1750, the appetite for overseas expansion was decreasing. The
subsequent revolt of Britain’s American colonies in 1776 underlined the potential
risks of such ventures to the countries undertaking them, as well as the people
who were subjugated. Contemporary discussion of the political, moral, and legal
consequences of colonization also declined.1
1. Jack P. Greene, Anthony Pagden "Colonialism" Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. Ed. Alan Charles
Kors. Oxford University Press 2003. Hong Kong Baptist University. 30 August 2011 <http://0-
www.oxfordreference.com.hkbulib.hkbu.edu.hk/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t173.e139-
s002>
32. Paraphrasing Example - Plagiarized Version
By the middle of the 1800s, enthusiasm for colonization, and the political, judicial,
and moral arguments that it had aroused, were already waning. With the start of
the American Revolution in 1776, it had become obvious to a lot of people that
colonization was potentially as dangerous to the colonizers as it was to the
colonized.1
1. Jack P. Greene, Anthony Pagden "Colonialism" Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. Ed. Alan Charles
Kors. Oxford University Press 2003. Hong Kong Baptist University. 30 August 2011 <http://0-
www.oxfordreference.com.hkbulib.hkbu.edu.hk/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t173.e139-
s002>
33. Exercise 2
Try it yourself!
Paraphrase the short passage
about the Sepoy Rebellion on
your handout
35. Why We Cite
Shows that you have done your research and read
widely
36. Why We Cite
Shows that you have done your research and read
widely
Enables your reader to locate the source
themselves
37. Why We Cite
Shows that you have done your research and read
widely
Enables your reader to locate the source
themselves
Ensures you avoid “accidental” plagiarism
38. Why We Cite
Shows that you have done your research and read
widely
Enables your reader to locate the source
themselves
Ensures you avoid “accidental” plagiarism
An accurate and correctly formatted citation list
makes a good impression on the reader
40. Refresher: Chicago Style Bibliography
For books:
Russell-Wood, Anthony. The Portuguese Empire, 1415-1808: A World on
the Move. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
41. Refresher: Chicago Style Bibliography
For books:
Russell-Wood, Anthony. The Portuguese Empire, 1415-1808: A World on
the Move. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
For articles:
Datta, Karubaki. "The Empire and its Merchants: Relations Between the
Portuguese Government and the Goan Business Community in the
18th Century." Indica 37, no. 2 (September 2000): 81-100. Historical
Abstracts, EBSCOhost (accessed September 8, 2010).
43. Refresher: Chicago Style In-Text
The Portuguese voyages of exploration and discovery began in 1419,
and continued for about 150 years after that date.1
44. Refresher: Chicago Style In-Text
The Portuguese voyages of exploration and discovery began in 1419,
and continued for about 150 years after that date.1
1. Anthony Russell-Wood, The Portuguese Empire, 1415-1808: A World
on the Move (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 8-9
46. Summary
When selecting a topic, choose a manageable
focus and consult reference materials as necessary
47. Summary
When selecting a topic, choose a manageable
focus and consult reference materials as necessary
Do not rely on quotations! Appropriate paraphrasing
is the preferred way to incorporate the ideas of
others into your own writing
48. Summary
When selecting a topic, choose a manageable
focus and consult reference materials as necessary
Do not rely on quotations! Appropriate paraphrasing
is the preferred way to incorporate the ideas of
others into your own writing
Remember to always include accurate citations for
every source that you use
Notes de l'éditeur
Prepare e-books example: Epidemics and history\n\nPrepare their course site\n
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Note that we may have covered this in the HP briefing, but worth going over - especially with a concrete example\n\nShow reference sources on their course site\n
Note that we may have covered this in the HP briefing, but worth going over - especially with a concrete example\n\nShow reference sources on their course site\n
Note that we may have covered this in the HP briefing, but worth going over - especially with a concrete example\n\nShow reference sources on their course site\n
For each individual aspect identified, emphasise the different angles that each example represents:\n\nThe Roman Empire - specific case study, other obvious examples would be the Spanish and the British Empire.\nThe Scramble for Africa - Event involving several imperial powers\nCultural and Racial aspects - Could be applied to many different empires, focusing on this particular aspect of imperialism\nRelationship with colonialism - Again, a more overarching, theoretical topic.\n\nIllustrate the use of reference sources in coming up with these aspects. Important when own background knowledge of the topic is scanty:\n\nEB article for imperialism, this leads to the see also for colonialism.\n
For each individual aspect identified, emphasise the different angles that each example represents:\n\nThe Roman Empire - specific case study, other obvious examples would be the Spanish and the British Empire.\nThe Scramble for Africa - Event involving several imperial powers\nCultural and Racial aspects - Could be applied to many different empires, focusing on this particular aspect of imperialism\nRelationship with colonialism - Again, a more overarching, theoretical topic.\n\nIllustrate the use of reference sources in coming up with these aspects. Important when own background knowledge of the topic is scanty:\n\nEB article for imperialism, this leads to the see also for colonialism.\n
For each individual aspect identified, emphasise the different angles that each example represents:\n\nThe Roman Empire - specific case study, other obvious examples would be the Spanish and the British Empire.\nThe Scramble for Africa - Event involving several imperial powers\nCultural and Racial aspects - Could be applied to many different empires, focusing on this particular aspect of imperialism\nRelationship with colonialism - Again, a more overarching, theoretical topic.\n\nIllustrate the use of reference sources in coming up with these aspects. Important when own background knowledge of the topic is scanty:\n\nEB article for imperialism, this leads to the see also for colonialism.\n
For each individual aspect identified, emphasise the different angles that each example represents:\n\nThe Roman Empire - specific case study, other obvious examples would be the Spanish and the British Empire.\nThe Scramble for Africa - Event involving several imperial powers\nCultural and Racial aspects - Could be applied to many different empires, focusing on this particular aspect of imperialism\nRelationship with colonialism - Again, a more overarching, theoretical topic.\n\nIllustrate the use of reference sources in coming up with these aspects. Important when own background knowledge of the topic is scanty:\n\nEB article for imperialism, this leads to the see also for colonialism.\n
For each individual aspect identified, emphasise the different angles that each example represents:\n\nThe Roman Empire - specific case study, other obvious examples would be the Spanish and the British Empire.\nThe Scramble for Africa - Event involving several imperial powers\nCultural and Racial aspects - Could be applied to many different empires, focusing on this particular aspect of imperialism\nRelationship with colonialism - Again, a more overarching, theoretical topic.\n\nIllustrate the use of reference sources in coming up with these aspects. Important when own background knowledge of the topic is scanty:\n\nEB article for imperialism, this leads to the see also for colonialism.\n
Advise that they use the Atlas of World history as the preferred reference tool for this exercise.\n
Aside about e-books here\n\nSegue&#x2026; How will you incorporate all of the useful material that you find into your own work?\n
Aside about e-books here\n\nSegue&#x2026; How will you incorporate all of the useful material that you find into your own work?\n
Aside about e-books here\n\nSegue&#x2026; How will you incorporate all of the useful material that you find into your own work?\n
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Segue: As always, it is easier to make sense of this with an example...\n
Segue: As always, it is easier to make sense of this with an example...\n
Segue: As always, it is easier to make sense of this with an example...\n
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Note complete rephrasing of the points made in the original.\nStill absolutely necessary to provide full in-text citation when you paraphrase from a source\n
Just a few words changed here and there: not a paraphrase\nEven if the citation is provided as it is here, it is still considered plagiarism\n
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Note that more complete guides are available on the Library website - For difficult cases refer to the full style guide (or better yet ask at the Reference Desk!)\n
Note that more complete guides are available on the Library website - For difficult cases refer to the full style guide (or better yet ask at the Reference Desk!)\n
Note that more complete guides are available on the Library website - For difficult cases refer to the full style guide (or better yet ask at the Reference Desk!)\n
And of course ask at the library for assistance with any of these areas\n
And of course ask at the library for assistance with any of these areas\n
And of course ask at the library for assistance with any of these areas\n