Education 2025: Student First!
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School Choice National Conference 20 December 2013
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Education 2025: Student First!
- 1. School Choice National Conference 2013 Education 2025: Student First! - Centre for Civil Society - 20 December 2013
- 2. Agenda • School Choice in India in 2013 • Update on CCS and School Choice in 2013 • Our plans for 2014 Centre for Civil Society 2
- 3. Update on School Choice in India in 2013 • Accountability & Efficiency in use of Public Funds Key Research studies : • The Aggregate Effect of School Choice: Evidence from a two-stage experiment in India, Prof. Karthik Muralidharan and Dr. Venkatesh Sundararaman • Contract Teachers: Experimental Evidence from India, , Prof. Karthik Muralidharan and Dr. Venkatesh Sundararaman • Affordable education Centre for Civil Society Continued dismal performance on ASER- In 2012 nationally, 53.2% of all children in Std. V could not read a Std. II level text. • Applications invited for 150 Model Schools (PPP) to be set up in next round of Phase-1 of implementation by MHRD • Increase in private school enrolments (Class I-VIII) across India: +8.5% in 2012-2013 over 2011-2012 (DISE 2012-’13) 3
- 4. SCC Agenda in 2013 Catalyse the market for affordable Education Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub Centre for Civil Society 4
- 5. Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds 1. Nat’l Independent Schools Alliance 1/2 Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • Has grown into an alliance of state school associations with ~8000 member schools, servicing 16,00,000+ students across 19 States • National conference held in September; 8 state level workshops held including Assam, Karnataka and Rajasthan • Elections held in April 2013; office bearers including President, VicePresident (Advocacy), Vice-President (Quality) and Treasurer elected Centre for Civil Society 5
- 6. Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds 1. Nat’l Independent Schools Alliance 2/2 Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • Funded by Acumen Fund, Friedrich Naumann Foundation & Gray Matters Capital • Improving quality of Budget Private Schools (BPS) in partnership with STIR, Educational Innovations and Wipro • Publication of coffee table book to enhance the image of BPS in Jan 2014; profiles stakeholders from BPS schools across 5 states Centre for Civil Society 6
- 7. 2. Vikalp – the Skill Voucher Program Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • INR 8.35Cr RCT in partnership with NSDC, MSDF, Dept of Social Justice Maharashtra (BARTI) and India Development Foundation • Study effectiveness of student vouchers vs institutional funding for skill development programs with 3,000 SC students in Mumbai/Pune; planned end date : June 2015; phase 1 underway with 200 students • Inspiration for the $150mn STAR Scheme launched by the Ministry of Finance and managed by NSDC Centre for Civil Society 7
- 8. Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds 3. School Voucher for Girls : Pilot Program Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub 50 Learning Outcomes 40 30 20 41 30 38 34 38 20 10 0 English Maths Voucher Hindi Non Voucher • Flagship RCT to study impact of vouchers on learning outcomes of 642 girls from 2009 – 2013 • Results show higher learning outcomes and aspiration levels as a result of vouchers • Results to be published; shortlisted for presentation at the Annual Intervention School Choice Conference in Florida in Jan 2014 Centre for Civil Society 8
- 9. Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds 4. Access to Minority Scholarships Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • • Secondary research of literature, govt data, budgets, RTI applications. Primary survey of ~150 hhds in 3 communities, focus groups, interviews with Govt, NGOs • Centre for Civil Society Funded research study by Tarraqi I Foundation to assess efficiency of and, minority access to, scholarship schemes Results: Only 29% scholarships awarded; 45% applications pending due to document review; 50% incorrect rejections; low utilisation of scholarship funds – only 12% renewals 9
- 10. 5. Case studies on Inclusive Education Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • Developing 4 case studies to identify best practices for classroom integration & inclusive education starting with St Mary’s School, New Delhi (~20% reservation for last 3 decades); to be published in Feb 2014 • Several policy makers interested as little work has been done in effective classroom integration and inclusive education in India Centre for Civil Society 10
- 11. Promote Accountability, Efficiency & Equity in the use of Public Funds 6. RTE and K12 Data Portals Catalyse the market for affordable Education Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub • Providing open source data on education in India in partnership with Central Square Foundation • RTE portal launched in March 2010, was revamped in August 2013; referenced by MHRD website for translation of State Rules • K12 Data Portal - being built as a one-stop repository of budget, learning outcome and related data on K12 education in India Centre for Civil Society 11
- 12. Over the past 12 years… Acum en Fund Earhar t Atlas Fndn ~8000 NISA Schools Chiaro scuro FNF NSDC CCS “The Vouche rwalas” 2001 Centre for Civil Society IGC GMC Wipro STIR EI ARK CSF MSDF FICCI BAR TI 2013 12
- 13. The School Choice Team Centre for Civil Society 13
- 14. School Choice Goals 2014 Accountability, Effici ency & Equity in use of Public Funds • Build robust funding model (per-child funding) • Coalition 25 – platform for best practices on 25% • Improve RTE implementation (SMC effectiveness) Catalyze the sector for affordable education • Reduce entry & expansion barriers in the Higher Education sector - deliver on IGC funded project • Grow NISA as a pan-India organisation • Generate evidence for policy making (City School Mapping Project) Build CCS as an Education Knowledge Hub Centre for Civil Society 14
Notes de l'éditeur
- Brief on Karthik’sprojon School Choice:At a substantially lower cost per student (less than a third of per-child government spending), private schools deliver slightly better test score gains, suggesting that private schools could deliver even better education outcomes if they have the same per-child spending as government schools.The study finds that private school teachers have lower levels of formal education and training than their government counterparts and earn significantly less (on average less than a sixth of government teacher salaries). But private schools have better measures of teaching effort: lower teacher absence, higher teacher activity, longer school days and less multi-grade teaching. Since 2009, private school enrollment in rural areas has been rising at an annual rate of about 10%. – ASER 2012
- Strong response from the ecosystem of schools associations, service providers & donors to strengthen and build NISA
- NISA has begun an ambitious project of creating detailed curriculum and engaging lesson plans for classes 1 to 5 across subjects. This bank of daily lesson plans will impact the teaching style and attempt to move it from rote learning to more engaging child centric ‘learning by doing’ lessons. This 6 month project is being run in partnership with an education service provider and 4 NISA member schools. The teachers and schools leaders of the schools will be trained and will co-build the content maps, learning outcomes, lesson plans and assessments across English, Math and EVS to ensure that it remains relevant and contextual. NISA will own the IP for these plans and will distribute them freely to all member schools across its network. Another quality initiative underway is the NISA- STIR micro innovations pilot project in Punjab. The STIR initiative harnesses the innovation of the most dynamic teachers and schools - to transform educational outcomes for the poorest children. Teachers as changemakers is at the heart of the initiative. Teachers share and submit small innovations that they have been practicing in their classrooms. From among submissions across the country STIR and its team of experts pick the 50 most powerful and replicable innovations for sharing. We are thrilled to report that 3 NISA teachers were among the top 50. Funding for the projects are from NISA general funds.Coffee Table Book will be published by January 2014.
- Who funded, and what we were trying to prove? Cost of Vouchers being sponsored by the Babasaheb Ambedkar Research & Training Institute (Pune) – BARTI is an autonomous unit of the Dept of Social Justice Maharashtra; Michael & Susan Dell Foundation is covering the project management costsNSDC is covering a part of the Research costs Goal – to study the effectiveness of vouchers in funding skill development programs compared to other existing models of funding (like institute / program level funding)Methodology and size of experiment – propose to do an RCT in partnership with India Development Foundation (IDF) – we have funds for 3000 students from SC communities to be trained in Mumbai/Pune over 2 years (total budget @ Rs. 8.35 Cr)Issue skill vouchers to students who clear the eligibility criteria defined by BARTI (domicile of Maharashtra, belongs to SC community & age grp of 18-30). Allow students to choose a course of study & the institute – from a panel of 7 institutes that we’ve empanelled for this phase offering 11 courses from 6 sectors.We will track the performance of this group and compare this with other programs which are funded at the institute/program level rather than student levelResults of experiment – Phase 1 initiated with 199 students in Dec Week 1 – to track for results. Results to be published by June 2015
- Who funded, and what we were trying to prove - privately funded; goal – to study the impact of vouchers on learning outcomes Methodology and size of experiment – RCT with 625 girls selected through lottery; the regression analysis of final data is pending but findings reported out basis descriptive analysis. 642students divided into control & pilot groups tracked over a period of 4 years (642 is the net no. post attrition over the years); we issued vouchers to cover the cost of education of ~232 students who in turn redeemed the vouchers in schools that were empanelled for the pilot (some contd with govt schools – of the 642, 369 were in govt & 254 in pvt schools)Results of experiment – Voucher receiving children had higher learning outcomes than the non voucher children for all the three subjects (English, Maths, Hindi) - Increased parental and child aspirations - Parents who wanted their child to study till graduation level or more were 10.49% higher in voucher populationVoucher children showed 5.43% higher classroom participation* The percentages presented are statistically significant at 95% confidence level or higherOutcomes (what effect did our publishing the results have) – results are yet to be published; to close by Feb 2014
- Minority Scholarship SchemesObjective: To assess minority community’s access to scholarship schemes particularly pre-matric, post-matric and merit-cum-means in the Delhi state, the efficiency with which they are administered, understand community experiences and suggest recommendations for the way forwardFindings: Much discrepancy between RTI data and data on public websites.Out of total applications, only 12% renewals; 29% applications awarded scholarship; 45% pending due to lack of documents; 26% rejected due to strict eligibility criterions (e.g. minimum 50% marks from graduating class) which is against the spirit of RTE.Reasons cited for rejection were mostly incorrect. E.g. 50% of the rejected applicants had fulfilled the 50% marks requirement. Among post-matric schemes, for SC and OBC the scholarships disbursed are mostly for professional and technical courses whereas for Minorities, majority are for 11th, 12th, BA, BSc and MA courses wherein the tuition fees is very low. Low utilisation of scholarship funds: 44% (pre-matric) and 8.9% (post-matric) and 70% MCM (for professional courses).Recommendations: relaxing eligibility norms, no upfront payment of fees, one time collection of documents, revising scholarship amount with inflation, setting up separate department, efficient monitoring and advocacy etc.A thorough secondary research was conducted comprising of literature review to map the discourse around minority scholarship schemes through analyses of research studies, evaluations and reports was done. Thereafter, analyses of government documents available on the relevant ministry websites about the policies, the schemes, their guidelines and circulars was also done, followed by budgetary analysis for the last three years. As part of secondary data analyses, two RTI applications were filed with both-Ministry of Minority Affairs (Government of India) as well as the Department of SC, SST, OBC and Minorities (Government of Delhi) seeking the list of students for whom scholarships under pre-matric, post-matric and MCM scholarship schemes was sanctioned, pending and rejected for the period 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 until December 2013. Utilization Certificates and the Review reports were also sought. Primary research involving students, schools and communities was carried out in the following three communities which are diverse in terms of class composition. The final sample of the survey covered 96 students who had accessed scholarships and a sample of 47 students who had not. In addition 88 parents of students who had accessed the scholarship and 40 parents of those who had not were also interviewed. Altogether, 143 households were covered acrossJehangirpuri, Jama Masjid and Jamia Nagar.Primary research involved a survey of students and parents from 36 schools in the above three communities to understand their experience of accessing scholarships, the barriers faced and their suggestions to improve the content, design and process of accessing the scholarship. It also involved focus group discussions with parents and students, in-depth interviews with teachers and principals to understand systemic bottlenecks that they faced and seek their suggestions for improving the same, interviews with officials in the Ministry and Department in the state and Central government and key informant interviews with representatives of NGOs who work with marginalized communities on issues related to scholarship.
- what is the case study, who funded it, where was it published, what has been the response? - we’ve started with this study of St Mary’s school in New Delhi which has been promoting social inclusion for 3 decades – 19% of the seats are reserved for children who are economically or physically challenged. - the cost of this study is being covered by untied funds from CCS’ budget. - the study is in progress (3 more schools to be covered) – so, not yet published - but several policy makers have expressed interest in this study and are looking forward to its findings as little work has been done in the areas of classroom integration and inclusive education in India
- The following features added in the re-launch:Parliamentary Questions on RTE (94)Judgements (202)Videos (81)SCPCR data for 18 statesFAQs beefed up – 240 qns currently RTE.in stall has been setup for those who wish to learn more.
- This slide is to summarise the distance we've travelled from being 'voucher-walas' (with a single agenda item) to a multi-faceted organisation which now works in the broader areas of education reforms – we’ve anchored the formation of NISA, built the RTE portal – which is now referenced by the MHRD website for translations of State Rules, started work on Inclusive Education and entered the Higher Education & Skilling domains. We’ve built a rich network of partners in the process and see a lot more vibrancy in this space today.
- COO, dedicated leader for NISA, sr advisor for advocacy and NISA, portal manager – in addition to ongoing investments in associate level capabilitiesParth Shah - PresidentParth’s research and advocacy work focus on the themes of economic freedom,choice and competition in education,property rights approach for the environmentand good governance. He has published extensively in international and Indian journals, on various topics from currency regulation to education policy. He holds a PhD in Economics from Auburn University, and taught at the University of Michigan.Harsh Srivatsava – Chief Operations OfficerHe was previously Chief Executive Officer of the World Development Forum. Before that Harsh worked for the Planning Commission as its Consultant (Planning). Harsh has also been a journalist and co-written India's first book on Corporate Social Responsibility. He has an MBA from IIM-Ahmedabad. Harsh has taught a course on strategic public communications at IIM, Ahmedabad. MeetaSengupta – Senior AdvisorMeetaSengupta works at the cusp of policy and practice across the education and skills spectrum and enjoys sharing her gleanings via her writing for a wider audience. She is the founder of the Centre for Education Strategy.She is a member of the FICCI Skills Development Forum. She has worked with Citibank, ICICI Securities, JP Morgan and Economist Intelligence Unit.Meeta completed her MBA (PGDBM) from Indian Institute of Management, (Ahmedabad). RishiVashistha – Manager, RTE PortalRishi comes to us with almost six years of communication and advocacy experience in the voluntary sector. In his new role as head of the Right to Education portal, Rishi is making an important career move from development communication to knowledge management and programme advocacyAdvocacy Team:NandiniSoodNandini began her career in advertising film making but choose to move to education. She has broad experience of more than 14 years in the education sector. At CCS she works on advocacy relating to School Choice and specifically manages National Independent Schools Alliance (NISA)Abhishek BhattacharyaAt CCS, he works on advocating for school choice with political leaders and government officials. He is a fellow of the LAMP program by PRS.BibhutiBhardwajBibhuti manages field level research and coordination for the School Choice Campaign. He previously managed operations for the World Bank,Aga Khan Foundation, CIF, OXFAM and NABARD.MehekRastogiShe is currently working as a research associate with NISA to promote quality and access among budget private schools in India. She has her MA in Poverty and Development from IDS, University of SussexResearch Team:Subhalakshmi D – Associate Director Subha has worked with GE/Genpact, a rural vocational training school and the Unique ID Authority of India in a mix of program management, process improvement, organisation & people development roles. At CCS, she works on advocacy relating to Livelihoods and specifically manages the Skill Voucher pilotArvindIlamaran – Research AssociateArvind is a graduate of Instrumentation and Control Engineering from National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirapalli in 2010. He was previouslyemployed with ONGC Petro-additions Limited till early 2013. His interests are public policy and complex systems.AyushiTandon – Research AssociateShe has an MA in Economics from Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune and has a keen interest in Development Economics.KanikaKhurana– Research AssociateShe has done her Master’s in Economics from TERI University, Delhi. She has an inclination towards the Education sector and her Master’sdissertation focused on Nursery school admissions in Delhi.SanjuktaBasu– Research AssociateSanjukta has a Masters in Economics from Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune.
- The slide looks crowded, but you could give the high level message that we will continue with the same high level agenda of a. accountability, b. catalysing the sector and c. building CCS as an education hub. Some of the projects from this year will continue… and some new projects will rise. Coalition 25--nation wide platform of all interested in implemententing 25% opportunity seats in private schools for sharing best practices, raising funds to provide support to a students, schools and communities, and for jointly advocating necessary changes in the RTE rules. Conduct a city-wise study to map school and student density, cost of private education and status of learning outcomes to make a case for liberalization of education.