1. OTHER TYPES OF POLLUTION ABHISHEK KUMAR VIII-(B) ESSAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

2. LIGHT POLLUTION Light pollution, also known as photopollution/luminous pollution, is excessive or obtrusive artificial light. Any adverse effect of artificial light -sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste. Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, and, like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystemsand has adverse health effects. Light pollution can be divided into two main types: annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-light setting . (2) excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and adverse health effects. Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution.

3. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues. It is most severe in highly industrialized, densely populated areas of North America, Europe, and Japan and in major cities in the Middle East and North Africa like Tehran and Cairo, but even relatively small amounts of light can be noticed and create problems. Like other forms of pollution (such as air, water, and noise pollution) light pollution causes damage to the environment.

6. Effects --Disruption of ecosystems Human health and psychology Energy waste Disruption of ecosystems

8. Birds

10. More actions that can be taken to Reverse the Effects of Light Pollution Commercial Property Owners & Builders On New Construction utilize fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures. Commercial Wall Mounted Fixtures On Existing Sites replace old fixtures with fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures Reduce light levels on store fronts and in parking lots. Turn-off signs and parking lot lighting fixtures after business hours Full Cut Off Parking Lot Fixtures

12. Business and residence owners often claim that non-polluting lights compromise advertising and/or security. However, unless aliens are teleporting down from outer space to your business or home (doubtful, except at some coffee shops), it's doubtful that all that light shining upward is doing much good.

14. Sound pollution

15. Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the environment. The dominant form of noise pollution is from transportation sources, principally motorvehicles, referred to as environmental noise. The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea meaning seasickness.

17. EFFECTS ON ENVRONMENT Noise pollution can also be harmful to animals. High noise levels may interfere with the natural cycles of animals, including feeding behavior, breeding rituals and migration paths. The most significant impact of noise to animal life is the systematic reduction of usable habitat, which in the case of endangered species may be an important part of the path to extinction. Perhaps the most sensational damage caused by noise pollution is the death of certain species of beaked whales, brought on by the extremely loud (up to 200 decibels) sound of military SONAR.

18. An impact of noise on animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to extinction.

19. How is noise measured? Noise or sound is measured in decibels (dB). The typical sound levels measured in the surrounding are as follows: 140 ------------------------------------- Jet Engine (at 25 meters) 120 ------------------------------------- Rock and Roll Concert 110 ------------------------------------- Pneumatic Chipper 90 ------------------------------------- Chainsaw 80 ------------------------------------- Heavy Truck Traffic 70 ------------------------------------- Business Offices 60 ------------------------------------- Conversational Speech 50 ------------------------------------- Library 40 ------------------------------------- Bedroom 30 ------------------------------------- Secluded Woods 20 ------------------------------------- Whisper

20. There are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including: use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. Aircraft noise can be reduced to some extent by design of quieter jet engines, which was pursued vigorously in the 1970s and 1980s.

21. Another solution to this problem is to use electric, or hybrid-electric, automobile. Hybrid vehicles are so quite, in fact, that legislation is pending to actually make them louder.

22. many conflicts over noise pollution are handled by negotiation between the emitter and the receiver. noise pollution often persists because only five to ten percent of people affected by noise will lodge a formal complaint. many people are not aware of their legal right to quiet and do not know how to register a complaint.

24. At a distance of 2,000 ft (600 m), the noise of a jet takeoff reaches about 110 decibels< approximately the same as an automobile horn only 3 ft (1 m) away.