Shape-Change for Zoomable TUIs: Opportunities and Limits of a Resizable Slider
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Tangible sliders are successfully used as they do not need visual attention. However, users need to balance between opposite concerns: size and precision of the slider. We propose a resizable tangible slider to balance between these concerns. Users can resize the on-screen representation of the slider by resizing the tangible slider. Our aim is to benefit from both tangibility and flexible control, and balance between precision and minimum size. We measured the pointing performance of our prototype. We also assess the potential drawback (additional articulatory task for deformation) by evaluating the impact on precision of the additional articulatory task for deformation: for pursuing a target, we show that our resizable prototype supports better precision than its small counterpart as long as users do not need to resize it more often than around every 9 seconds.
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Shape-Change for Zoomable TUIs: Opportunities and Limits of a Resizable Slider
- 1. Shape-Change for Zoomable TUIs: A Resizable Slider Céline Coutrix Cédric Masclet
- 2. 2 Sliders for continuous adjustment of parameters
- 5. graphical sliders Zoom out: footprint 5
- 6. graphical sliders Zoom in: performance 6
- 7. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 7 visual mag
- 8. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 8 visual mag motor mag
- 9. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 9 visual mag full magmotor mag
- 10. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 10 visual mag full magmotor mag zoom
- 11. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 11 visual mag full magmotor mag zoom
- 12. motor and visual zooming is the best Chapuis and Dragicevic 2011 12 visual mag full magmotor mag zoom
- 13. motor and visual zooming for sliders 13 ?
- 14. resizable should be beneficial Ability to compromise between footprint and performance 14
- 15. 15 tangible sliders bring performance Jansen et al. 2012Tuddenham et al. 2010Weiss et al. 2009Fitzmaurice and Buxton 1997
- 19. Khalilbeigi et al. 2011 varying workspace: continuously resizable display 19
- 23. Motivation resizability tangibility graphical sliders ✔ ✘ tangible sliders 23
- 24. Motivation resizability tangibility graphical sliders ✔ ✘ tangible sliders ✘ ✔ 24
- 25. Motivation resizability tangibility graphical sliders ✔ ✘ tangible sliders ✘ ✔ resizable tangible sliders 25
- 26. Motivation resizability tangibility graphical sliders ✔ ✘ tangible sliders ✘ ✔ resizable tangible sliders ✔ ✔ 26
- 27. Research questions Resizable tangible sliders • Benefit ? • Drawback ? 27
- 28. Research questions • Benefit of Multiple Sizes: How much more efficient are users with a large slider than a small slider? • Drawback of resizing: What is the drawback of the additional manipulation for resizing? 28
- 29. Research questions • Benefit of Multiple Sizes: How much more efficient are users with a large slider than a small slider? • Drawback of resizing: What is the drawback of the additional manipulation for resizing? XP1 XP2 29
- 30. experimental plan pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing 30
- 31. experimental plan pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing XP1 31
- 32. experimental plan pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing XP1 XP2 32
- 33. experimental plan pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing XP1 XP2 same prototype 33
- 34. Prototype 34
- 36. Benefit of Multiple Sizes: Experiment 1 How much more efficient are users with a large slider than a small slider? 36
- 37. 37 cursor target Task: pointing with a tangible slider at a target displayed on a distant screen
- 38. 38 2 cm 96 px 24.64 mm
- 39. 39 4 cm 192 px 49.28 mm ×2
- 40. 40 8 cm 384 px 98.56 mm ×4
- 41. 41 Constant Control-Display gain ×1 ×2 ×4 2/96 = 4/192 = 8/384
- 42. Benefit of Multiple Sizes: Experiment 1 difficulty of the task scale of the slidermovement time error rate 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 (easy) 3 4 5 (difficult) 42
- 43. Benefit of Multiple Sizes: Experiment 1 D = 30 px, W = {10, 4, 2, 1} px D = 60 px, W = {20, 9, 4, 2} pxdifficulty of the task scale of the slidermovement time error rate 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 (easy) 3 4 5 (difficult) 43 ×2 ×4
- 44. Benefit of Multiple Sizes: Experiment 1 44 • 12 right-handed participants (6 female) aged from 21 to 42 years old mean = 30 stdev = 6 • 2880 trials 12 participants 3 scales 4 widths * 2 distances 10 repetitions of each task
- 45. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 45
- 46. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 46 -0.98s
- 47. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 47 -0.98s +6cm +288px
- 48. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Errorrate 0.00.20.4 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 48
- 49. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Errorrate 0.00.20.4 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 49 -26%
- 50. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Errorrate 0.00.20.4 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 50 -26% +6cm +288px
- 51. 51 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px Zoomed in is better
- 52. Zoomed in is better not possible when workspace is restricted 52
- 53. Drawback of resizing: Experiment 2 53 Impact of resizing on performance
- 54. Drawback of resizing: Experiment 2 54 resize resizeresize Need to measure the limit of usability ? resizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresizeresizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize
- 55. Task 1: pursuing 55 moving target cursor pursuit error
- 56. Task 1: pursuing moving target when difficulty changes 56 Small slider (2cm/96px) 1 px 2 px 4 px easy difficult size of target changes
- 57. Task 1: pursuing moving target when difficulty changes 57 4 px Small slider (2cm/96px) Resizable slider 1 px 2 px 4 px easy difficult size of target changes resize so that size of target is constant
- 58. Task 1: pursuing moving target when difficulty changes 58 4 px Small slider (2cm/96px) Resizable slider Large slider (8cm/384px) 1 px 2 px 4 px 4 px 8 px 16 px easy difficult size of target changes size of target changes resize so that size of target is constant
- 59. Task 1: pursuing moving target when difficulty changes 59 4 px Small slider (2cm/96px) Resizable slider Large slider (8cm/384px) 1 px 2 px 4 px 4 px 8 px 16 px easy difficult size of target changes size of target changes resize so that size of target is constant
- 60. Task 2: resizing 60 target size actual size size error
- 62. Drawback of resizing: Experiment interval of difficulty’s change (s) Slider device performance (pursuit error) Small (2cm/96px) Resizable Large (8cm/384px) 3 (difficult) 9 18 30 (easy) 62
- 63. Drawback of resizing: Experiment 63 • 9 right-handed participants (5 female) aged from 21 to 49 years old mean = 31 stdev = 8 • Around 5h30 of trials 9 participants 3 sliders 4 intervals of difficulty’s change 2 repetitions of each 90 seconds trial
- 64. Drawback of resizing: Experiment interval of difficulty’s change (s) performance (pursuit error) 3 (difficult) 9 18 30 (easy) 64 = median of each frame’s error
- 65. 65 3 9 18 30 Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 048 Large slider Resizable slider Small slider
- 66. 66 3 9 18 30 Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 048 Large slider Resizable slider Small slider
- 67. 67 3 9 18 30 Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 048 Large slider Resizable slider Small slider
- 68. 68 3 9 18 30 Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 048 Large slider Resizable slider Small slider
- 69. 69 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider y = a × x + b ≃ b Median error is constant Regression
- 70. 70 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider y = a×bx + c Regression
- 71. 71 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider The larger the slider, the better the performance but the bigger the footprint 1.75 larger
- 72. 72 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider if too often, small slider better than resizable
- 73. 73 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider if not too often, resizable better than small slider
- 74. 74 3 9 18 30 2% 6% Interval of difficulty change (s) Medianerror(%ofslider'srange) 4% 8% Resizable slider Small slider Large slider if no room available, resize only if less often than every ~9 seconds
- 75. 75 resize resizeresize ~9s resizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresizeresizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize resize resizeresizeresize resize resize resize resize resize resize Resizing brings benefits If less often than every ~9 seconds
- 76. 76 from video analysis: mean resizing time = 0.7s 95%CI [0.6s, 0.8s] with no impact of amplitude pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing
- 77. 77 from video analysis: mean resizing time = 0.7s 95%CI [0.6s, 0.8s] with no impact of amplitude mean movement times for each ID and size pointing pursuing mouse impact of M+V zooming slider impact of M+V zooming impact of resizing
- 78. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 78 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Resizing time (s) mean resizing timemean movement times for each ID and size One pointing task
- 79. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 79 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Resizing time (s) One pointing task: Point with small? mean resizing timemean movement times for each ID and size
- 80. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 80 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Resizing time (s) One pointing task: Point with small? Enlarge, then point? mean resizing timemean movement times for each ID and size
- 81. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 81 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px Two pointing tasks:
- 82. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 82 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px Two pointing tasks: Point with small?
- 83. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 83 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Resizing time (s) 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px Two pointing tasks: Point with small? Enlarge, then point?
- 84. 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) Movementtime(s) 0.01.02.0 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 Index of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 84 Resize before several difficult pointing tasks 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 2 3 4 5 ndex of Difficulty (easy to difficult) 2cm/96px 4cm/192px 8cm/384px 0 0.5 1 1.5 Resizing time (s)
- 85. Zoomable tangible sliders Bring both benefitsof performance+footprint (if not resized too often) 85
- 86. Future Work Form-factor Other tangible controllers Impact on current HCI models 86
- 87. Shape-Change for Zoomable TUIs: A Resizable Slider with C. Masclet Céline Coutrix http://iihm.imag.fr/coutrix/