An in depth look at the artists you need to know about in the Renaissance

1. Chapter 17:
Page 471
The Renaissance

2. The Growth of
Italian City-States

3. Why were Italian citystates so rich and
powerful?

4. • Overseas trade, spurred by the
Crusades, led to their growth
• Northern Italy had a wealthy
merchant class
• It’s classical heritage of Greece
and Rome

5. How did Florence
become the most
influential city-state?

6. • Florence was mostly urban
while the rest of Europe was
rural
• Because of the plague, many of
the city’s survivors could
demand higher wages
• Because Florence was small,
many of its citizens could be
involved in politics

7. What was the
Renaissance and why
did it begin in Italy?

8. • Renaissance means “re-birth” which
refers to revival in arts and learning
• Italian merchants displayed their wealth
by giving financial support to artists
• Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the
Magnificent) was a generous patron of
the arts

9. The Spirit of the
Renaissance

10. Why People Like Me
Became Interested in
Ancient Culture…

11. • The Crusades made Europeans
eager to learn about the world
around them
• Church leaders became patrons
of the arts by financially
supporting artists

12. A Fascination with
Classical Cultures

13. • Scholars became interested in ancient
Greek and Roman culture
• Artists used ancient art as models
• Brunelleschi designed buildings
after studying Roman ruins

14. • Filippo Brunelleschi
• Commissioned to build the
cathedral dome in Florence
(Il Duomo)
– Used unique architectural
concepts.
• He studied the ancient
Pantheon in Rome

15. Brunelleschi’s Dome

16. Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo
St. Peter’s
(Florence)
(Rome)
St. Paul’s
(London)
US capital
(Washington)

17. A New Type of Scholar
Called a Humanist

18. •
•
•
•
Humanists adopted many Roman and
Greek beliefs
1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life
2.) all people have dignity and worth
3.) the ideal person—one who can do
almost anything (the Renaissance
Man)

19. • Humanists learned many subjects,
such as Latin, Greek history, and
mathematics
• In the Middle Ages, religious people
proved their piety by living a plain
life—humanists enjoyed life without
offending God

20. •
•
•
•
Machiavelli—wrote The Prince
The Prince was a book about Italian
government
Machiavelli supported the idea of
absolute power
In order to keep power, a ruler must
do some evil

21. Petrarch
• Father of Renaissance
humanism
• Poet
• sonnets

22. A Belief in Human
Potential

23. • Emphasized human achievement on
earth, rather than the afterlife
• Renaissance thinkers strove to master
almost every art
• Later ages called such people
“Renaissance men”

24. Renaissance
Artists

25. • Individuals became the center
of attention during the
Renaissance as the belief in
human potential & ability began
to emerge from Medieval ways
of thinking

26. • Ideal Man—was well educated
in the Classics; should be
charming, witty, & smart; can
dance, write poetry, & play
music; should be physically fit
(called a “Renaissance Man”)

27. • Ideal Woman—study Classics;
write, dance, paint, make music
well; but should not seek fame or
political power (Renaissance
women were far better educated
but had fewer rights than
Medieval women)

28. Giovanni
Giotto

29. • Giotto developed a new artistic style
for creating frescos (paint on wet
plaster walls):
– Painted human figures that appeared
lifelike
– Painted people with emotion
– Painted people in frescos interacting
with each other

30. Giotto’s “
Lamentation over Christ”

31. Donato
Donatello

32. •
•
•
Donatello was a great sculptor of the
Renaissance
Medieval sculptors only carved the front of a
statue, but Donatello wanted sculptures to be
viewed from all sides like Greek & Roman
statues
This technique has become known as in-theround

33. Donatello’s “David” became the first
large, free-standing human sculpture
•Donatello's bronze statue of David (circa
1440s) is famous as the first unsupported
standing work of bronze cast during the
Renaissance,
•and the first freestanding nude male
sculpture made since antiquity.
•It depicts David with an enigmatic smile,
posed with his foot on Goliath's severed head
just after defeating the giant.

34. Tommaso
Masaccio

35. • Masaccio added to Giotto’s
innovative style by using
perspective:
– Shows objects in the
foreground as larger than
objects in the background
which gives the illusion of
depth

37. Michelangelo

38. • Michelangelo was a great painter &
sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David”
sculptures are perceived as masterpieces
• His work includes the 130 ft x 44 ft
ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which
shows biblical images of amazing detail,
power, & beauty

39. Michelangelo’s
“Pieta” depicts
the Virgin Mary
cradling the
limp body of the
crucified Jesus

40. Michelangelo’s
statue of “David”
expresses the
Renaissance belief
in human dignity
and greatness

41. Compare the David of
Donatello and Michelangelo

42. • Michelangelo painted more
than 300 massive human
figures onto the 5,800 squarefoot ceiling while laying on his
back
• The ceiling contains
illustrations from the creation
of Adam to the story of Noah

43. • www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/s
istina_vr/

44. The
Creation
of the
Heavens

45. The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man

46. • Michelangelo returned to the
chapel to begin painting the
altarpiece “The Last Judgment”
• This painting features Christ
judging souls as the rise and fall
from each side of the painting

49. Bartholomew's
flayed skin

51. Raphael

52. •
•
•
Raphael “Perfected” Renaissance
painting
He became the favorite painter of
the Pope because of his amazing
detailed paintings showing Greeks
& Romans along with Renaissance
people
“School of Athens” is his greatest
work

53. • All of the important Greek
philosophers and thinkers are
included in this painting  all of
the great personalities of the
classical period
• A great variety of poses
• Raphael worked on this
commission simultaneously as
Michelangelo was doing the Sistine
Chapel

54. Plato and Aristotle
Socrates
Raphael

55. Alexander the Great
Michelangelo

56. Pythagoras

57. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

58. Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael

59. Leonardo da Vinci

60. • A true “Renaissance
Man” Leonardo was
an inventor,
painter, sculptor, &
scientist

61. Leonardo,
the Artist

62. From his Notebooks of over 5000
pages)

63. His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’
last meeting with the 12 apostles
before the crucifixion
The facial expressions, detail,
and emotion had made it a
masterpiece

65. The Last Supper – da Vinci, &
Geometry

66. vertical
The Last Supper and Perspective
horizontal

67. A Da Vinci “Code”
St. John or Mary Magdalene?

68. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Milan, Italy

69. da Vinci’s
Mona Lisa
is great for its
emotion and
depth

72. Mona Lisa has no visible facial
hair at all - including eyebrows
and eyelashes

74. A Picasso Mona

76. •
On August 12, 1911, a Louvre employee stole
it by entering the building during regular
hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking
out with it hidden under his coat after the
museum had closed
•
After keeping the painting in his apartment
for two years, the man grew impatient and
was caught when he attempted to sell it to
an art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy
and returned to the Louvre in 1913

77. •
In 1956, the lower part of the painting
was severely damaged when someone
doused it with acid
•
On December 30 of that same year,
another person damaged the painting
by throwing a rock at it
•
The result was a speck of pigment
near Mona Lisa's left elbow
•
The painting is now covered with
bulletproof security glass

78. Leonardo, the
Scientist
(Biology):
Pages from his
Notebook

80. Leonardo, the Engineer:

81. • Leonardo sketched several
designs for flying machines
including this one with a
rotating screw
• He intended to power it with a
wound-up spring

83. • Leonardo’s many military inventions
included this design for an armored
tank
• Four soldiers sitting inside could turn
cranks to move the wheels on this
tank”

85. • da Vinci also invented a gigantic
crossbow
• It's difficult to know whether it would
have worked, or whether it would
have been superior to cannons of the
same period

87. Vitruvian
Man

88. • The length of a man's
outspread arms is equal to
his height
• The maximum width of the
shoulders is a quarter of a
man's height
• The distance from the elbow
to the tip of the hand is onefifth of a man's height

89. • The Renaissance spread from
Italy as scholars from other areas
visited Italian city-states & took
the new ideas they saw back

90. • Kings bought Renaissance art,
helping to spread new ideas
• Renaissance ideas spread to the
Holy Roman Empire
(Germany), England, France,
Belgium, Netherlands

91. • Renaissance in Germany was very
religious—Christian humanists
criticized the church & society (will
lead to Protestant Reformation)
•
In 1516 the reformation began with Martin
Luther’s protests Catholic church (why we
have protestant religions today)

92. • Renaissance in England focused on
social issues—Thomas More
criticized society through Utopia
• William Shakespeare— playwright
who wrote plays based on ideas from
classics & universal human qualities
• Dante Alighieri – wrote “The Divine
Comedy

93. • The Renaissance encouraged
a new spirit of adventure and
discovery
• The Renaissance spirit played
an important role in helping to
launch the Age of Exploration