No Local Food without Local Farmland: Keeping Farmland Available for Farming - PowerPoint Presentation

No Local Food without Local
Farmland

Kathryn Gardow—Gardow Consulting
Kimberly Freeman—Pierce County, WA

© Gardow Consulting

THE ISSUE:
To I-5


Urban Pressure
Loss is approx. 1 acre/minute
2002-2007 U.S. lost over 4,000,000 acres of farmland
1982-2007 U.S. lost over 41,000,000 acres of farmland

91% of fruits & 78% of vegetables
are grown in the urban fringe

Washington State

Digital-topo-maps.com © Gardow Consulting

Olympic Peninsula, WA

60 Acre Farm



Prime Soils
Prime Soils, if irrigated

Zoned R5=1 house/5 acres

60 Acre Farm

Zoned AR=1 house/16 acres

Zoned R2=1 house/2.5 acres

Urban pressure = increased land prices

North Pierce County

1,500 Food Miles Traveled

Portland

New York
City


What is an experienced farmer?
• 7-15 years to become
experienced
• Living through multiple
growing seasons
• Willingness to continue
being educated with
new varieties, growing
methods, etc.
• Willingness to re-invent
one’s self


Value of land as retirement fund


Agriculture Jeopardy
Preservation Market Succession Align and Act!
Strategies Strategies Strategies Strategies

$10 $10 $10 $10

$100 $100 $100 $100

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000



Land use code
$10 $10 $10
strategy

$100 $100 $100 $100

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

$100 $100 $100 $100

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000


Cluster Zoning



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

Uses public /
private $ or $100 $100 $100
trade markets

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Development $100 $100 $100
Rights?

$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000


TDR / PDR Programs
• Pierce County—Orting Valley Farms PDR

• King County-TDR since 2001, saved 141,000 acres of
farm, forest & open space land


Funding Sources
• Local Land Trusts
• State & Local Funding Sources
• Federal Funding Sources—NRCS-Farmland
Protection Program



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

Values land as
resource not
highest and best $1000 $1000 $1000
use



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

What is an
agricultural $1000 $1000 $1000
appraisal?


Land Affordability
• Land for Housing Costs
$20,000-$50,000/Acre

• Land for Warehouse &
Industrial Development
$40,000-$80,000/Acre

• Land on Which a Farmer
can be Profitable $4,000-
$10,000/Acre

Appraisal Process
• Appraiser must
perform “highest &
best use analysis”

• “Highest & best use”
can still be more than a
farmer can afford

• Appraisal does not
consider social values
such as food
production © Gardow Consulting


What is
$10 $10 $10
Zoning?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

What is an
appraisal?



Access to urban
What is markets is crucial $10 $10
zoning? for sales

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

What is an
appraisal?



What is What are
$10 $10
zoning? direct sales?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

What is an
appraisal?


Direct Sales
“Access to urban markets is crucial to farmers
engaged in direct sales.”

No Local Food without Local Farmland

Direct Consumer Sales
• Farmers’ Markets—6,132
markets in 2010

• Community Supported
Agriculture (CSA)—more
than 2,500

• U-Pick

• Farm Stands/On-Site Sales

• Agricultural Tourism © Gardow Consulting


What is What are
$10 $10

What is Transfer This program
& Purchase of links large
Development $100 $100
institutions to
Rights? farms

What is an
appraisal?



What is What are
$10 $10

What is Transfer
& Purchase of What are Farm
Development to School $100 $100
Rights? programs?

What is an
appraisal?


Farm to School Programs
• 1996—2 pilot Farm to School Programs
• 2011—2352 Farm to School Programs



What is What are
direct sales? $10 $10
zoning?

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an
appraisal?



What is What are
$10 $10

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an Creating or
agricultural capturing more $ $1000 $1000
appraisal? from products



What is What are
$10 $10

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an
agricultural What is value-
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?


Value-Added Products



5-letter acronym
What is What are for farm $10
Zoning? direct sales? organization

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?



What is What are What is
$10
Zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing?

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?


WWOOF
• World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms
• 99 Countries with WWOOF Opportunities



$10
zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing?

What is Transfer
Rights? programs?

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?



$10

What is Transfer
& Purchase of What are Farm Get a 4 year
Development to School degree from $100
Rights? programs? here

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?



$10

What is Transfer
What are Farm
& Purchase of What is a land
to School $100
Development grant university?
programs?
Rights?

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?


Sustainable Agricultural Programs
• Washington State University

• C.S. Mott Group for Sustainable
Food Systems at Michigan State
University

• UC Davis Agricultural
Sustainability Institute

• Evergreen College Sustainable
Agricultural Program Photo from Evergreen State College



$10

What is Transfer
What is a land
Development to School $100
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an
$1000 $1000
appraisal? added?



$10

What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an Other (unpaid)
opportunities to $1000
appraisal? added?
learn farming



direct sales? $10
zoning? WWOOFing?

What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
agricultural What is value- apprentice &
$1000
appraisal? added? internship
programs?


Apprentice and Internship Programs



$10

What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
What is value- apprentice &
agricultural added? $1000
appraisal? internship
programs?



Public policy on
What is What are What is production,
zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing? distribution &
consumption
What is Transfer
& Purchase of What are Farm What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
agricultural added? $1000
appraisal? internship
programs?



What is What are What is What is food
zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing? policy?

What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
agricultural $1000
added? internship
appraisal?
programs?


Food Policy




What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights programs?

What is an What are
$1000
programs?




What is Transfer
& Purchase of What are Farm Effective tool to
What is a land
Development to School identify prime
grant university?
Rights? programs? farmland

What is an What are
$1000
programs?



Zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing? policy?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of What are Farm What is the
What is a land
Development to School Soil Survey?
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
$1000
programs?


Web Soil Survey

Web Soil Survey – http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda,gov
Click on Start WSS

Agricultural Soil Values

Prime Prime Farmland, if Prime Farmland, if
Farmland protected from protected from
flooding flooding & irrigated



What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
$1000
programs?



Zoning? direct sales? WWOOFing? policy?

What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are
This strategy
focuses
resources
programs?




What is Transfer
What is a land
grant university?
Rights? programs?

What is an What are What is
agricultural What is value- apprentice & coordination,
appraisal? added? internship funding and
programs? commitment?


Vermont’s Successful Program
• 1,650 parcels of land protected
• More than 500,000 acres protected
• Approximately 8% of private land protected
• 700 working farms conserved
• 15% of the prime farmland


Food for Thought
• Preservation
• Create and expand market demand
• Pay attention to succession
• Food Policy and Action Plans:
– Identify and map ‘food shed’
– Specify who, what, how ($)
• Our own actions


Reference List
• American Farmland Trust, http://www.farmland.org/
• Cascade Harvest Coalition, http://www.cascadeharvest.org/
• Economic Research Service/USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/
• Farm to School, www.farmtoschool.org
• Gardow Consulting—Land Matters Food Matters, kathryn@gardow.com
• King County Agriculture Section,
www.kingcounty.gov/environment/wlr/agriculture-program.aspx
• National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, www.attra.ncat.org
• PCC Farmland Trust, http://www.pccfarmlandtrust.org/
• Rockridge Orchards & Cidery, http://rockridgeorchards.com/
• Terry’s Berries, http://terrysberries.com/
• Vermont Land Trust, vlt.org
• WWOOF, http://wwoof.org/



What is
$10 $10 $10
zoning?

What is Transfer
& Purchase of
Rights?

What is Current
Use Taxation? $1000 $1000 $1000


No Local Food without Local Farmland: Keeping Farmland Available for Farming - PowerPoint Presentation

No Local Food without Local Farmland: Keeping Farmland Available for Farming - PowerPoint Presentation

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No Local Food without Local Farmland: Keeping Farmland Available for Farming - PowerPoint Presentation