SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  26
Preventing Global Drug Resistance Rachel Nugent, Ph.D. Global Ministerial Forum on Research for Health November 20, 2008 Bamako, Mali Drug Resistance Working Group Consultation Session
About the Center for Global Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Features of CGD Working Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Working Group Experiences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Working Group Timeline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Initial Conceptualization Working Group Meetings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Final report launch Stakeholder Consultations Outreach & Dissemination ,[object Object],[object Object],Policy Impact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background paper Consultation draft
Statement of Purpose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Drug Resistance Working Group ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Our questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tripartite Framework Resistance Drug Technology Factors long drug half-life, cross-resistance, treatment length and complexity, monotherapy Behavioral Factors (Patient): poor adherence, self-medication, cultural preferences/beliefs (Provider):unclear diagnosis, financial incentives, industry promotion Health Systems Factors Poor quality, unregulated prescribing/dispensing, weak infection control, lack of rapid diagnostic tools, poor surveillance
Comparison of Disease-Related Resistance Issues (from the 2001 WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance) Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Inappropriate Use Contributes to ↑ Drug Resistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Need for New Drug Development Yes Yes Yes Yes Detection of Pathogen Reasonably Easy and Feasible Easy Easy Easy Detection of  in vitro  resistance Reasonably Easy and Feasible Feasible but Expensive Difficult, Expensive, Rarely Feasible Difficult, Expensive, Limited Availability Diagnostics Able to Detect Resistance Yes, but slow Some No Yes, but expensive and with limited availability Observed Treatment No Yes    DOTS No No Antimicrobial Treatment Single Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Long Duration ≥ 1 Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Lifelong HIV Interaction Some: Especially Nosocomial Risk Massive: Personal & Nosocomial Risk Possibly N/A Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Snapshot of potential DRWG recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],37
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Treatment Indication Generally Pathogen-Based (+/- resistance) Pathogen-Based Frequently Syndromatic Pathogen-Based Antimicrobial Treatment Single Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Long Duration ≥ 1 Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Lifelong Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Detection of Pathogen Reasonably Easy and Feasible Easy Easy Easy Detection of  in vitro  resistance Reasonably Easy and Feasible Feasible but Expensive Difficult, Expensive, Rarely Feasible Difficult, Expensive, Limited Availability Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Need for New Drug Development Yes Yes Yes Yes Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Inappropriate Use Contributes to ↑ Drug Resistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Observed Treatment No Yes    DOTS No No Antimicrobial Treatment Single Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Long Duration ≥ 1 Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Lifelong
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Inappropriate Use Contributes to ↑ Drug Resistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Treatment Indication Generally Pathogen-Based (+/- resistance) Pathogen-Based Frequently Syndromatic Pathogen-Based Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Need for New Drug Development Yes Yes Yes Yes Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoiazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Inappropriate Use Contributes to ↑ Drug Resistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Need for New Drug Development Yes Yes Yes Yes HIV Interaction Some: Especially Nosocomial Risk Massive: Personal & Nosocomial Risk Possibly N/A Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on  Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
Possible Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and Innovation
Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and InnovationChallenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and Innovation
Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and InnovationCanadian Cancer Survivor Network
 
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders
 
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...U.S. News Healthcare of Tomorrow
 
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
 
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders
 
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
 
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders
 
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companies
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small CompaniesSuccessful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companies
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companiesfrancjohn
 
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
 

Tendances (20)

The IBM report on the pCPA
The IBM report on the pCPAThe IBM report on the pCPA
The IBM report on the pCPA
 
Who antibiotic policy
Who antibiotic policyWho antibiotic policy
Who antibiotic policy
 
Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and Innovation
Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and InnovationChallenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and Innovation
Challenges and Innovation in Canadian Access to Treatments and Innovation
 
Rare Disease Day Conference: From Draft to Action Plan
Rare Disease Day Conference: From Draft to Action PlanRare Disease Day Conference: From Draft to Action Plan
Rare Disease Day Conference: From Draft to Action Plan
 
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...
Managed Access Programs: Timely, Appropriate, Sustainable Access for Rare Dis...
 
Day 2: CORD 2021 Fall Conference Slides
Day 2: CORD 2021 Fall Conference SlidesDay 2: CORD 2021 Fall Conference Slides
Day 2: CORD 2021 Fall Conference Slides
 
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program (Ar...
 
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...
Pharma funding of patient groups: the building blocks of ethical and appropri...
 
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?
Webinar 1: Has the PMPRB removed the obstacles to access in its Guidelines?
 
Understanding your health insurance at work
Understanding your health insurance at workUnderstanding your health insurance at work
Understanding your health insurance at work
 
How Prescription Drugs are Approved in Canada
How Prescription Drugs are Approved in CanadaHow Prescription Drugs are Approved in Canada
How Prescription Drugs are Approved in Canada
 
CADTH - Why it is important, and what now?
CADTH - Why it is important, and what now?CADTH - Why it is important, and what now?
CADTH - Why it is important, and what now?
 
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?
Private Insurance Plans - Do they have a future in Canada?
 
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...
Clinical Trials on Repurposed Treatments for Immediate Incorporation into Cli...
 
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companies
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small CompaniesSuccessful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companies
Successful New Drug Development Strategies for Small Companies
 
Durhane Wong-Rieger (CORD) Canada's Rare Disease Strategy Brief Overview
Durhane Wong-Rieger (CORD) Canada's Rare Disease Strategy Brief Overview Durhane Wong-Rieger (CORD) Canada's Rare Disease Strategy Brief Overview
Durhane Wong-Rieger (CORD) Canada's Rare Disease Strategy Brief Overview
 
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients
Webinar: Healthcare in the Federal Budget and How It May Affect Patients
 
Michael reilly toronto nov19presentation final
Michael reilly toronto nov19presentation finalMichael reilly toronto nov19presentation final
Michael reilly toronto nov19presentation final
 
Pharmacare - Caveat Emptor (Let the Buyer Beware)
Pharmacare - Caveat Emptor (Let the Buyer Beware)Pharmacare - Caveat Emptor (Let the Buyer Beware)
Pharmacare - Caveat Emptor (Let the Buyer Beware)
 
CORD Rare Disease Patient Survey
CORD Rare Disease Patient SurveyCORD Rare Disease Patient Survey
CORD Rare Disease Patient Survey
 

Similaire à CGD/Rachel Nugent Bamako Presentation Consultation Session

Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studies
Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past StudiesRevisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studies
Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studiescgdev
 
Eb briefing hiv_strategy
Eb briefing hiv_strategyEb briefing hiv_strategy
Eb briefing hiv_strategyWHO-HIV
 
Antibiotic resistance 1
Antibiotic resistance 1Antibiotic resistance 1
Antibiotic resistance 1Raghu Prasada
 
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...John Blue
 
Safety Improvement in Primary Care
Safety Improvement in Primary CareSafety Improvement in Primary Care
Safety Improvement in Primary CareNHSScotlandEvent
 
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2Mat Southwell
 
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptx
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptxhigh-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptx
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptxhafeezjamali
 
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations
 
Working in Global HealthChapter 18Chapter 18 Working i
Working in Global HealthChapter  18Chapter 18 Working iWorking in Global HealthChapter  18Chapter 18 Working i
Working in Global HealthChapter 18Chapter 18 Working irosacrosdale
 
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...Until ROI
 
Antiretroviral Medication Adherence
Antiretroviral Medication AdherenceAntiretroviral Medication Adherence
Antiretroviral Medication AdherenceCDC NPIN
 
Clinical Recruitment Planning Strategies
Clinical Recruitment Planning StrategiesClinical Recruitment Planning Strategies
Clinical Recruitment Planning StrategiesMFinch3777
 
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...Luis Nassif
 
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...ACT Consortium
 
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docxAntibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx4934bk
 
Antimicrobial Stewardship
Antimicrobial StewardshipAntimicrobial Stewardship
Antimicrobial StewardshipFatmaAtef10
 
2018: FIND AMR Strategy
2018: FIND AMR Strategy2018: FIND AMR Strategy
2018: FIND AMR StrategySystemOne
 
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...COUNTDOWN on NTDs
 

Similaire à CGD/Rachel Nugent Bamako Presentation Consultation Session (20)

Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studies
Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past StudiesRevisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studies
Revisiting Recommendations on Drug Resistance from Past Studies
 
Eb briefing hiv_strategy
Eb briefing hiv_strategyEb briefing hiv_strategy
Eb briefing hiv_strategy
 
Antibiotic resistance 1
Antibiotic resistance 1Antibiotic resistance 1
Antibiotic resistance 1
 
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...
Mr. Thomas J. Chapel - Measure that Make a Difference! WHY Measure and WHAT t...
 
Safety Improvement in Primary Care
Safety Improvement in Primary CareSafety Improvement in Primary Care
Safety Improvement in Primary Care
 
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2
Inpud advocacy messsages to be delivered to the unodc meeting january 27 v2
 
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptx
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptxhigh-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptx
high-impact-research-session-1-2011.pptx
 
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...
The ‘prevention revolution’: Implications for health promotion on the ground,...
 
Working in Global HealthChapter 18Chapter 18 Working i
Working in Global HealthChapter  18Chapter 18 Working iWorking in Global HealthChapter  18Chapter 18 Working i
Working in Global HealthChapter 18Chapter 18 Working i
 
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...
GROWTH OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA Dr Deven V Parmar MD Vice President – Gl...
 
Antiretroviral Medication Adherence
Antiretroviral Medication AdherenceAntiretroviral Medication Adherence
Antiretroviral Medication Adherence
 
Clinical Recruitment Planning Strategies
Clinical Recruitment Planning StrategiesClinical Recruitment Planning Strategies
Clinical Recruitment Planning Strategies
 
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...
Overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public ...
 
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...
Co-ordinated malaria research for better policy and practice: the role of res...
 
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docxAntibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx
Antibiotic Stewardship in Inpatient Settings Quality Improvement Proposal.docx
 
Hcv guidance april-2017
Hcv guidance april-2017Hcv guidance april-2017
Hcv guidance april-2017
 
Antimicrobial Stewardship
Antimicrobial StewardshipAntimicrobial Stewardship
Antimicrobial Stewardship
 
2018: FIND AMR Strategy
2018: FIND AMR Strategy2018: FIND AMR Strategy
2018: FIND AMR Strategy
 
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...
COUNTDOWN on WHO 2020 Targets: Strengthening Health Systems Interventions for...
 
Hcv guidance march-2016
Hcv guidance march-2016Hcv guidance march-2016
Hcv guidance march-2016
 

Dernier

Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Time
Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any TimeCall Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Time
Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Timevijaych2041
 
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Service
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls ServiceCall Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Service
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Servicesonalikaur4
 
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...narwatsonia7
 
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformSee the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformKweku Zurek
 
call girls in green park DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in green park  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in green park  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in green park DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️saminamagar
 
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingCall Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Bookingnarwatsonia7
 
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...rajnisinghkjn
 
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowKolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowNehru place Escorts
 
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...narwatsonia7
 
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiLow Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbaisonalikaur4
 
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...narwatsonia7
 
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Models
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking ModelsMumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Models
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Modelssonalikaur4
 
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingCall Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingNehru place Escorts
 
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024Gabriel Guevara MD
 
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service SuratCall Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Suratnarwatsonia7
 
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service LucknowVIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknownarwatsonia7
 
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service LucknowCall Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknownarwatsonia7
 
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes Functions
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes FunctionsHematology and Immunology - Leukocytes Functions
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes FunctionsMedicoseAcademics
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Availablenarwatsonia7
 
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...saminamagar
 

Dernier (20)

Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Time
Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any TimeCall Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Time
Call Girls Viman Nagar 7001305949 All Area Service COD available Any Time
 
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Service
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls ServiceCall Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Service
Call Girls Thane Just Call 9910780858 Get High Class Call Girls Service
 
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
Housewife Call Girls Bangalore - Call 7001305949 Rs-3500 with A/C Room Cash o...
 
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy PlatformSee the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
See the 2,456 pharmacies on the National E-Pharmacy Platform
 
call girls in green park DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in green park  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in green park  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in green park DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
 
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingCall Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girl Koramangala | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...
Dwarka Sector 6 Call Girls ( 9873940964 ) Book Hot And Sexy Girls In A Few Cl...
 
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call NowKolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
Kolkata Call Girls Services 9907093804 @24x7 High Class Babes Here Call Now
 
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...
Call Girls Service in Bommanahalli - 7001305949 with real photos and phone nu...
 
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service MumbaiLow Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
Low Rate Call Girls Mumbai Suman 9910780858 Independent Escort Service Mumbai
 
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Frazer Town Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
 
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Models
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking ModelsMumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Models
Mumbai Call Girls Service 9910780858 Real Russian Girls Looking Models
 
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingCall Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Call Girls Service Nandiambakkam | 7001305949 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024
Asthma Review - GINA guidelines summary 2024
 
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service SuratCall Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
Call Girl Surat Madhuri 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Surat
 
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service LucknowVIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
VIP Call Girls Lucknow Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
 
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service LucknowCall Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
 
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes Functions
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes FunctionsHematology and Immunology - Leukocytes Functions
Hematology and Immunology - Leukocytes Functions
 
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jp Nagar Just Call 7001305949 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...call girls in Connaught Place  DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
call girls in Connaught Place DELHI 🔝 >༒9540349809 🔝 genuine Escort Service ...
 

CGD/Rachel Nugent Bamako Presentation Consultation Session

  • 1. Preventing Global Drug Resistance Rachel Nugent, Ph.D. Global Ministerial Forum on Research for Health November 20, 2008 Bamako, Mali Drug Resistance Working Group Consultation Session
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Tripartite Framework Resistance Drug Technology Factors long drug half-life, cross-resistance, treatment length and complexity, monotherapy Behavioral Factors (Patient): poor adherence, self-medication, cultural preferences/beliefs (Provider):unclear diagnosis, financial incentives, industry promotion Health Systems Factors Poor quality, unregulated prescribing/dispensing, weak infection control, lack of rapid diagnostic tools, poor surveillance
  • 10. Comparison of Disease-Related Resistance Issues (from the 2001 WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance) Issues Bacterial Infections TB Malaria HIV Inappropriate Use Contributes to ↑ Drug Resistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Need for New Drug Development Yes Yes Yes Yes Detection of Pathogen Reasonably Easy and Feasible Easy Easy Easy Detection of in vitro resistance Reasonably Easy and Feasible Feasible but Expensive Difficult, Expensive, Rarely Feasible Difficult, Expensive, Limited Availability Diagnostics Able to Detect Resistance Yes, but slow Some No Yes, but expensive and with limited availability Observed Treatment No Yes  DOTS No No Antimicrobial Treatment Single Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Long Duration ≥ 1 Agent, Short Duration Multiple Agents, Lifelong HIV Interaction Some: Especially Nosocomial Risk Massive: Personal & Nosocomial Risk Possibly N/A Potential Impact of One Program on Another Yes; Some Antibiotics Could Affect Malaria Resistance Little; Except for Rifampicin Use on Staph . Spp. Some; e.g. doxycyline, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine Yes; e.g. cotrimoxazole + isoniazid prophylaxis
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.