Presentation by J Kinyangi, Regional Program Leader, East Africa, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

1. Drought Management in Ethiopia:
Climate risk management through social
protection
James Kinyangi,
Policies and Institutions Workshop, 2-3 Dec 2013, Colombo, Sri Lanka

2. Climate risk management through
social protection
 Agriculture in Ethiopia accounts for 45% of GDP
and ensures the livelihoods of 80 to 85% of the
population.
 Any small variation in rainfall or world prices (for
coffee) affects the incomes of 30 to 40 million
people and can mean hunger for 10 to 15 million
people
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4. Chronic food insecurity is a salient
feature of rural Ethiopia
 Ethiopia has received an average of 700,000 MT of
food aid annually,
 the figure has risen dramatically in crisis years
(since 1996, food aid quantities appealed for have
multiplied 4.5 times while beneficiaries have seen
a six fold increase
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6. The Ethiopian Government launched
the multi-donor programme in 2005
 providing transfers to the chronically food insecure
population in a way that prevents asset depletion at
household level and creates productive assets at
community level,
 replacing continual appeals for emergency food aid
with a more predictable safety net. In the programme
beneficiaries receive both cash and food support.
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7.  The transfers are distributed to both direct and
indirect support beneficiaries.
 The direct support beneficiaries (84% in 2008) are
required to attend temporary employment in ‘public
workfare projects’, whilst the indirect support
beneficiaries who are unable to contribute to public
works due to labor constraints are not required to
work
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8.  The ‘public workfare projects’ include, for
example, the establishment of area enclosures for
livestock grazing, woodlots, construction of hillside
terraces, shallow wells and ponds and stream
diversion for irrigation.
 A household ‘graduates’ from the programme
when it is deemed to have become ‘food
sufficient.’
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9. Program impact…building resilience
 The programme has had a range of positive, practical
impacts on women and their families.
 Program coverage in terms of numbers of beneficiaries
(and woredas) reached ~ 5 million chronically food
insecure beneficiaries in 2005, delivering 224,141MT of
food and approximately US$50 million as cash transfers.
As of 2006, PSNP coverage increased to approximately 7.2
million beneficiaries to cover the pastoral region of Afar
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10.  The programme has now been implemented in 7
out of 10 regions in Ethiopia and has reached
about 8 million people.
 By 2010, 70 % of programme households
perceived their overall economic condition as
better or the same compared to the previous year,
and between 2004 and 2010, the level of assets
had increased and distress sales had declined.
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11. Cooper, P. J.M., S. Cappiello, S. J. Vermeulen, B. M. Campbell, R. Zougmoré and J. Kinyangi. (2013). Large-scale implementation of
adaptation and mitigation actions in agriculture. CCAFS Working Paper no. 50. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark
www.ccafs.cgiar.org
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