This document provides an overview of cloud interoperability infrastructures for governments using a Government Service Utility (GSU) approach. It discusses the characteristics of a GSU, including core components like an interoperability registry. The document also outlines several research challenges around further developing and applying the GSU concept, such as user-driven innovation, composable services, and social media in policy making.

1. University of the Aegean
Cloud Interoperability Infrastructures for Governments:
The Government Service Utility (GSU) Approach
Yannis Charalabidis
Industrial Open Excellence Workshop
“Quality and Performance of Business Services in the Cloud”
21st March 2014, Athens

2. Your speaker for the day
Studied computer engineering, at the National Technical
University of Athens. PhD in complex information systems,
NTUA
7 years a researcher in RTD projects for businesses and
governments
7 years in the software industry (Greece, Netherlands,
Germany Poland). Managing director of Baan-Singular ERP
company
Already 6 years in University of the Aegean and the Greek
Interoperability centre, teaching and researching on
information systems & interoperability in Public and Private
sector, governance models and social computing.
The next 7 years ?
My aim for the day: to give you food for thought. Hold on …

3. Part I
The Interoperability Landscape

4. European Union initiatives concerning public service
provision and interoperability [1]
European Commission (2010), European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services
Version 2, European Commission / ISA, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf

5. The generalized public service
provision scenario in Europe

6. The conceptual model for public services
provision

7. Part II
The Governance Service Utility

8. Characteristics of Electricity and
Governance utilities

9. Services of a Government Service Utility

10. Core components of a Government
Service Utility

11. ISU application example in the public
sector

12. The Contents of the extended
Interoperability Registry

13. Interoperability Registry Architecture
Web Services
XML Schemas &
Core Components
Services,
Documents,
Systems &
Organizations
Metadata
BPMN Process
Models
Process
Modeling
Tools
(incl. COTS
software)
Ontology
Management,
Population
& Reporting
Tools
XML
Management
Tools
(incl. COTS
software)
Services Registry
(Authorized
Access)
Common Access Control and Application Engine
Interoperability
Framework
Web Site
(Free Access)
Registry UDDI
Interface
(Limited Access:
Systems)
Relational Database Management System

14. Key stakeholders in ISU operation

15. Business models for GSU
implementation scenarios
Public Sector resource Business Model
Infrastructure
(IaaS)
Software
Platform
(PaaS)
Service Provision
(SaaS)
Base Registries Own (PS)
infrastructure
Own (PS)
Platform
Own (PS)
Provision
Public Sector
centric / No
Outsourcing /
Contracting only
Interoperability
facilitators
Own and
Cloud(IaaS)
vendors
Own (PS)
Platform
Own (PS) and
Service providers
Partial
Outsourcing /
PPP model 1
External service
providers
Cloud (IaaS)
vendors
Own (PS) and
Software-as-a-
service providers
Own (PS) and
Service providers
Partial
Outsourcing /
PPP model 2
Secure data
exchange
Cloud (IaaS)
vendors
Cloud (PaaS)
vendors
Own (PS) Service
providers
Partial
Outsourcing /
PPP model 3
Service
aggregators Vertically integrated ISU operators
Full Outsourcing
/ PPP model 4

16. Part III
Further Research Issues

17. The Crossroad Project on GSU
The research challenges that take the GSU concept further:
• Research Challenge 1: User-driven innovation shaping Public Services
• Research Challenge 2: Change the “DNA” of Public Services
• Research Challenge 3: Digital Public Services Value Proposition for All
• Research Challenge 4: Massive Public Information as a Service

18. Research Issues (The CrossRoad Project)

19. More Research Issues (The CrossRoad Project)

20. Even More Research Issues

21. Research Issues (The CrossRoad Project)

22. Service Delivery Platforms
Mobile Government
Online Opinion Mining
Instant, proactive Service
Delivery for all services
eVoting
(Automated) Argument
Visualisation
Federated eID
Gov Cloud (SaaS)
Science Base
for ICT-enabled Governance
Gov Cloud (PaaS)
Social Media in Policy Making
Semantic Interoperability
Agent-based Societal
Simulation
eParticipation
Model-Based
Decision Making
Visibility
Inflated Expectations Disillusionment Productivity
Linked Data
Visual Analytics
Legal Informatics
Service Co-creation / Web Services for all basic services
Open data
ICT-enabled history / prognosis
Gov Cloud (IaaS)
Technical Interoperability
Organisational Interoperability
Web Services /SOA in
core registries
Governance Model
Composability & Reuse
(Seamless) Identity management & trust mechanisms
Internal, Static Workflow Mgt
Dynamic, External Workflow Mgt
Available for application
Should be around, soon
Will take many years
Government Service Utility
Serious Games for Governance
Participatory Sensing / IoT
Open Source
Software for
Service Mgt
Municipality
ERP
Readiness, over time

23. References
• European Commission (2010), European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services Version 2, European Commission
/ ISA, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
• European Commission (2010), The European Interoperability Strategy (EIS) for European public services, European Commission / ISA,
http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_i_eis_en.pdf
• European Commission (2010), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic
and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions 'Towards interoperability for European public services’, European Commission /
ISA, http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_ip-10-1734_en.pdf
• European Union (2010), A Digital Agenda for Europe, Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council,
The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions, http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0245R(01):EN:NOT
• European Union (2009), Ministerial Declaration on eGovernment, 5th EU Ministerial Conference on eGovernment, Malmö, Sweden,
http://www.egov2009.se/wp-content/uploads/Ministerial-Declaration-on-eGovernment.pdf
• European Union (2010), Granada Ministerial Declaration on the European Digital Agenda, EU Informal Ministerial Meeting in Granada,
Spain, http://www.eu2010.es/export/sites/presidencia/comun/descargas/Ministerios/en_declaracion_granada.pdf
• European Commission (2008), Enterprise Interoperability Research Roadmap Version 5, European Commission /DG INFSO / FInES
Cluster, ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/enet/ei-research-roadmap-v5-final_en.pdf
• CROSSROAD Project (2010): “A participative roadmap for ICT research in Electronic Governance and Policy Modelling”, European
Commission Support Action, http://www.crossroad-eu.net
• Rappa, M. A. (2004), The utility business model and the future of computing services. IBM Systems Journal, 43 (1), pp 32-42.
• Charalabidis Y., Lampathaki F., Psarras J. (2009), “Combination of Interoperability Registries with Process and Data Management Tools
for Governmental Services Transformation”, 42nd Hawaiian International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 3-5 January 2009,
Hawaii. (Best Paper Award Nominee)
• KIU (2009), Danish e-Government Project, InfoStructureBase, http://isb.oio.dk/info
• SEMIC.EU (2010), Semantic Interoperability Centre, European Commission / ISA, http://www.semic.eu
• BenoîtOtjacques, PatrikHitzelberger, FernandFeltz (2007), Interoperability of E-Government Information Systems: Issues of
Identification and Data Sharing, Journal of Management Information Systems, Volume 23, Number 4 / Spring 2007, pp.29 – 51
• STORK Project, Secure Identity Across Borders Linked, European Commission / CIP Programme, https://www.eid-stork.eu/

24. References
• ebXML, http://www.ebxml.org
• RosettaNet, http://www.rosettanet.org
• Charalabidis, Y., Askounis D., (2008), “Interoperability Registries in eGovernment: Developing a Semantically Rich Repository for Electronic Services and Documents of
the new Public Administration”, Hawaiian International Conference of System Sciences, HICCS-08, January 7-10, 2008, Hawaii
• Cabinet Office (2009), UK GovTalk Schema Library, http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/schemasstandards/schemalibrary.asp
• German Government (2008), KBSt unit at the Federal Ministry of the Interior, SAGA Standards and Architectures for e-Government Applications Version 3.0,
http://www.kbst.bund.de/
• HKSARG (2009), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Interoperability Framework, Common Schemas, http://www.xml.gov.hk
• Barone A., Di Pietro P., Semantic of eGovernment Processes: a Formal Approach to Service Definition (Arianna), in Proceedings of eGovINTEROP 2006, Bordeaux,
France
• CEN/ISSS eGov Share Focus Group on “Discovery and Access to eGovernment Resources”, www.cen.eu/ISSS/
• US National Information Exchange Model, NIEM, http://www.niem.gov/index.php
• The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, http://dublincore.org/
• ISO-3166-1 (country code list), http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html
• ISO-4217 (currency code list), http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html
• UN/CEFACT Core Components Technical Specification (2007), Part 8 of the ebXML Framework, Version 2.01, http://www.unece.org/cefact/ebxml/CCTS_V2-
01_Final.pdf
• UNECE Units of Measure used in International Trade, http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec20/rec20_rev3_Annex2e.pdf
• Greek Government Service Gateway ERMIS, http://www.ermis.gov.gr
• COIN FP7 Project on “Enterprise Collaboration and Interoperability”, http://www.coin-ip.eu/
• Gusmeroli, Sergio (2011), “From Enterprise Interoperability to Service Innovation: an evolutionary path from COIN to MSEE FInES Integrated Projects”, Samos Summit
on Future Internet, July 4h 2011http://samos-summit.blogspot.com
• Srdjan Komazec, Davide Cerri, Klaus Fischer, Ingo Zinnikus, Francisco Javier Nieto, PierfrancoFerronato, EliaConchione, Antonio Panazzolo (2011), “The COIN Generic
Service Platform for Enterprise Interoperability and Collaboration Service Provision”, http://www.coin-ip.eu/
• COIN Project (2010), Deliverable D6.2.1a “Integrated EI Value Proposition” http://www.coin-ip.eu/research/coin-results/public-documents/all-public-
documents/COIN%20D6.2.1a%20First%20Integrated%20EI%20Value%20Proposition%20v2.0-FINAL.pdf
• Skopik F., Schall D., Dustdar S., Sesana M. (2010): “Context-Aware Interaction Models in Cross-Organizational Processes”, Fifth International Conference on
Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW), May 2010, Barcelona
• Facca F.M., Komazec S., Guglielmina C.; Gusmeroli S. (2009): “COIN: Platform and Services for SaaS in Enterprise Interoperability and Enterprise Collaboration”,
IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC '09, September 2009, Berkeley.
• Patrick Sitek, Sergio Gusmeroli, Marco Conte, Kim Jansson, Iris Karvonen (2011): “The COIN Book : Enterprise Collaboration and Interoperability”, ISBN 3-86130-713,
Verlagsgruppe Main publications, 2011.
• Simple Knowledge Organization System(SKOS): http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/