1. STRESS AND MENTALSTRESS AND MENTAL
ILLNESSILLNESS
DR LOKESH BABU
NEURO PSYCHIATRIST
SNEHA MANO VIKASA KLENDRA
AND
CHETAN B V B
PSYCHOTHERAPIST
SNEHAMANOVIKASA KENDRA
TUMKUR
2. WHAT IS STRESS?
IT CAN BE DEFINED AS A DEMAND ON A HUMAN BEING.THE
DEMAND CAN BE BIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL IN NATURE
AND IT NEGATIVELY INFLUENCES ON THE HOMEOSTASIS OF
BODY,MIND AND PERSONALITY
STRESS IS NEGATVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO THE
SITIUATIONS AND EVENTS
WHAT IS STRESSOR?
STRESS AND STRESSOR IS ALWAYS CONFUSING
STESSOR REFERS TO THE IGNITING
AGENT,STRESS TO THE RESPONSE
3. STRESS
SELYE IS (1936) IS CONSIDERD AS FATHER OF STRESS
RESEARCH AND HE MADE IT POPULAR
HE DISCOVERED THAT VARIETY OF THE PHYSICAL STIMULS
SUCH AS REMOVING KIDNEY,OVARY OR ANY OTHER ORGAN
AND PHYSICAL STIMULI THAT PROVOKED BY COLD ,HEAT IS
LED TO ULCERATION OF THE GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT AND
INCREASED ACTIVITY IN ADREANAL CORTEX.
ACCORDING TO HIM STRSS IS HAVING THREE
PHASE
ALARAM PHASES HOMEOSTAIC PROCESS ARE DISRUPTED AND
RAPID CHANGS OCCUR IN BLOOD
PRESSURE,HEART RATE,GLUCOSE LEVALS AND
ELECROLYTE BALANCE
RSISTANCE
PHASE
HERE ORGANISM WOULD ACHIEVE ADAPTATION TO
THE HARMFULL EFFECTS OF STRESS
EXHAUSTION PHASE FURTHER EXPOSURE TO THE STRESSOR LEADS
PATHOLOGICAL CHAGES LIKE ULCEAR,IMMUNE
4. STRESS AND BRAIN
LIVING ORGANISM STRIVE TOWARDS DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
CALLED
HOMEOSTASIS
IT CAN BE THREATENED BY VARIETIES OF
BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VAIRIABLES
LIMBIC BRAIN [ HIPPOCAMPUS,AMYGDALA AND
FRONTALCORTEX ] ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STRESS RESPONSE
STRESS INCREASES THE PRODUCTION OF
CORTICOCORTITROPHIN HORMONES AND CHANGES
THE LEVAL OF SEROTONIN AND DOPOMINE
5. BIOLOGICAL COPING SYSTEM
PHYSIOLGICALLY THER ARE TWO WAYS
ALLOSTASIS
ALLOSATIC LOAD
THE ABILITY TO RE
ESTABLISH
HOMEOSTSIS THROUGH
CERTAIN CHANGES
EXCESSIVE OR PROLONGED
STRESS DISTURBS
HOMEOSTASIS AND
ULTIMATLEY LEADS TO
DISEASE
ADAPTIVE
SELF PRESERVATIVE
SHORT LASTING
SELF DESTRUTIVE
LONG LOSTING
6. COPING WITH STRESS
INTO ACTION TO PREVENT,REDUCE AND AVOID STRESSOR
COPING MECHANISM ARE BROUHHT
ACCORDING TO LAZARUS PSYCHOLOGICALLY THERE ARE TWO WA
FIGHT OR FLIGHT CONSERVATIVE OR
WITHDRAWL
ACTIVE PASSIVE
GOAL ORIENTED
FIND COMPENSETATION
GET SOCIAL SUPPORT
EVADES
SUBMITS OR RESIGNS
DENIAL
DISTANCESSUPRESSION
7. LAZARUS (1966) LATER INVENTED THAT PSYCHOSOCIAL
EVENTS,DEMANDS AND SITUATIONS ALSO IFLUENCES ON THE
HOMEOSTSIS OF AN ORGANISM
EXAMPEL
S
FAILURES IN EXAMS,BUSINESS,LOVE ETC
LIVING ALONE,DIVORCE,DEATH OF A FAMILY MEMBE
FINANCIAL CRISIS,DEPENDENCE,
JOB DISSATISFACTION,LOSS,DEPROMOTION
THESE STRESSORS INFLUENCES THE EMOTIONS
JOY TO DESPONDENCY
TRANQULITY TO ANXIETY ,MELLOWNESS TO ANGER
INWARD PEACE TO GUILT,GENEROSITY TO ENVY
SELF CONFIDENCE TO SHAME,CONTENTMENT TO
BITTERNESS
8. STRESS AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
STRESS EVOKE PSYCHIC TENSION AND IFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOUR
STRESSED SUBJECTS MAY BE
IRRITABLE
TENSE
AGGRESSIVE
DISTRACTED
DISINTRSTED
ANXIOUS
AGITATED AND SLEEPLESSNESS
9. ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDER IS MOST PREVALENT MENTAL DISORDER IN THE
GENERAL POPULATION
EVERY ONE EXPERIENCES ANXIETY AND ANXIETY IS ALERTING
SIGNAL;IT WARNS OF IMPENDING DANGER AND ENABELS A PERSON
TO TAKE MEASURE TO DEAL WITH A THREAT.ANXIETY IS A RESPONSE
TO A THREAT THAT IS UNKNOWN,INTERNAL,VAGUE OR CONFLICTUAL.
FEAR IS A RESPONSE TO A KNOWN,EXTERNAL,DEFINITE, OR NON
CONFLICTUAL THREAT;
FEAR VERSUS ANXIETY
10. BIOLOGICAL CAUSES
ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD,CONFLICTS BETWEEN ID,EGO AND
SUPER EGO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ANXIETY
ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURAL AND LEARNING THEORIES ,ANXIETY IS
CONDITINAL RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ENVIORNMENTAL STIMULUS
EXISTENTIAL THEORY IS THAT, ANY PERSON EXPERIENCE FEELINGS
OF LIVING IN PURPOSLESS LIVING AND ANXIETY RESPONSE IS TO
PERCIEVED VOID IN EXISTENCE AND MEANING
BIOLOGICALLY; STIMULATION IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
CAUSES CORDIVASCULAR (PALPITATION), MUSCULAR(HEAD ACHE,
GASTRI INTESTINAL(DIARRHEA) AND RESPIRATORY CHANGES
NEURO TRANSMITTERS LIKE NOR EPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN, GAMA
AMINO BUTYRIC ACID ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES
11. SOCIAL CAUSES
FAULTY PARENTING
HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT & PEOPLE
UNRESOLVED CONFLICTS
DEFFECTIVE LEARNING PROCESS
COPING SKILLS
HIGH TARGETS AND PRESSURE
LIMITED SOURCE OF MONEY,TIME,SUPPORT
CERTAIN JOBS - DRIVING,BUSINESS,
LEADERS,EXECUTIVES,POLICE, ARMY ETC
12. SYMPTOMS IN ANXIETY
PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPREHENSION, VAGUE FEAR (FEAR OF
SOMETHING), LACK OF ATTENTION
POOR CONCENTRATION AND LEARNING
IMPAIRED MEMORY
IN ABILITY TO TAKE PROPER DECISION
IRRIATABILTY SHORT TEMPER
ILLUSION IMPULSIVE
13. BIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
INCREASED HEART BEATS MISSED HEART BEAT
BREATHING DIFFICULTY CONSTRICTON IN CHEST
TREMORS IN HAND LACK OF APPETITE
INDIGESION
NAUSEAVOMITTING
DIARRHOEA
FREQUENT URINATION
SLEEP DISTURBANCE
NIGHTMARE
BEDWETTING
INABILTY TO SIT AND STAND
PREMATURE EJACULATION
LACK OF
SEXUAL
PERFORMANCE
INTREST AND
SATISFACTION
WEAKNESS AND FATIGABILITY
14. TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDES
PANIC DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT AGROAPHOBIA
AGORIPHOBIA WITH OR WITHOUT PANIC DISORDER
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
SOCIAL PHOBIA
OBCESSIVE CIMPULSION DISORDER( O C D )
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
ACUTE STRESS DISORDER
GENEARALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
15. Feared situationsFeared situations
Social
(where one may be judged)
Performance
(where a public performance is required)
Attending functionsAttending functions
(weddings* / parties)(weddings* / parties)
• Conversation in aConversation in a
groupDatinggroupDating
• Speaking on the telephoneSpeaking on the telephone
• Meeting peopleMeeting people
• Eating in a restaurantEating in a restaurant
•PUPLIC SPEAKING
• Using a keyboard inUsing a keyboard in
publicpublic
• Playing sportsPlaying sports
• Using a public toiletUsing a public toilet
• Taking a testTaking a test
• Trying on clothes in aTrying on clothes in a
shopshop
SOCIAL PHOBIA
16. PANIC ATTACK
A DISCRETE PERIOD OF INTENSE FEAR OR DISCOMFORT IN
WHICH FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS DEVELOP ABRUPTLY
PALPITATIONS,POUNDING HEART OR ACCELERATED HEART RATE
SWEATING
TREMBLING AND SHAKING
FEELING OF CHOKENESS
CHEST PAIN AND DISCOMFORT
NAUSEA AND ABDOMINAL DISTRESS
FEELING DIZZY,UNSTEADY,LIGHTHEADED OR FAINT
FEAR OF
FEAR OF LOOSING CONTROL OR GOING CRAZY
NUMBENESS AND
TINGLING
CHILLS AND HOT FLASHES
17. Anxiety disorder in children
EXCESSIVE CRYING
NOT TAKING PROPER FOOD
VOMITTING AND DIARRHOEA
SLEEP DISTURBANCE
NIGHTMARES
BED WETTING AND LOSS OF BLADDER CONTROL
EXCESSIVE THUMB SUCKING
PLAYING WITH GENITALS
IRRATIONAL FEARS
SPEECH DISTURBANCE
STAMMERING
CONDUCT DISORDERS
DRUG ABUSE,SEXUAL PROMISCUITY
PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS; HEADACHE ABDOMINAL PAIN
DYSENTRY ASTHAMA OBESITY
19. (SILENT SUFFERING)
DEPRESSED
Mood disorders
MOOD IS A FEELING PART OF THE MIND ,IT IS PERVASIVE
AND SUSTAINED FEELING TONE THAT IS EXPERIENCED
INTRNALLY AND INFLUENCES A PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR AND
PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD
AFFECT IS EXTERNAL EXPRESSION OF THE MOOD
MAINLY THREE TYPES OF MOODS ARE THERE
NORMAL ELEVATED
NORMAL PERSON SENSES CONTROL OVER THE MOODS AND
AFFECTS
ABNORMAL PERSON SENSES LOSS OF CONTROL AND
EXPERIENCES GREAT DISTRESS
20. TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER
MOOD EPISODE
MOOD DISORDER
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE
MANIC EPISODE
MIXED EPISODE
HYPOMANIC EPISODE
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
DYSTHYMIC DISORDER
BIPOLAR DISORDER
BIPOLAR II DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE
MOOD DISORDER DUE TO MEDICAL CONDITION
SUBSTANCE INDUCED MOOD DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
BIPOLAR I DISORDER
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
NOT
OTHERWISES
PECIFIED
21. depression
DEPRESSION IS INTERNAL SADNESS AND DISTRESSED
FEELING AND EPISODE MUST LAST AT LEAST TWO WEEKS
(SUFFERING)
MAIN FEATURES OF DEPRESSION
FEELING OF SADNESS,CRYING SPELLS
SELF BLAMING
INFERIROTY
GUILT
HOPLELESSNESS
WORTHLESNESS
LACK OF INTRESTS IN MAJOR ACTIVITES
DECREASED APPETITE AND SLEEP
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
SUCIDAL THOUGHTS,WISHES AND ATTEMPTS
MULTIPLE AND VAGUE BODY ACHES
22. TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDES
(UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION)
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DYSTHYMIC DISORDER
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
(ENDOGENEOUS)
(NEUROTIC)
(DSM 4)
23. TWO TYPES OF DEPRESSION
ENDOGENEOUS NEUROTIC DEPRESSION
LOW LEVAL DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN
WITH OR WITHOUT STRESS FACTOR
RESTLESS AGITATED
AVOID PEOPLE
GUILT FEELING
SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS OF SUCIDE
24. CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES
HIGH BP
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
HYPO THYROIDISM
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
FRONTAL LOBE TUMORS
VIRAL INFECTIONS
DECREASED NOREPINEPHRINE,SEROTONIN,DOPAMINE LEVALS
GENITIC FACTORS
GROWTH HORMONE
25. ACCORDING TO SIGMUND FREUD DISTURBANCE IN THE
INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP DURING ORAL PHASE IS
VULNERABLE TO DEPRESSION
PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSES
EARLY ATTACMENTS,TRAUMATIC SEPERATION,VICTIMIZED
BY PARENTS,LIVING UNDER DOMINATION,EXTRODINARY
HIGH IDEALS.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS LIKE OCD ,HISTRIONIC AND
BORDERLINE
LOSS OF MONEY,PEOPLE,STATUS ETC
UNEXPECTED LIFE EVENTS;DEATH,ACCIDENTS ETC
NEEDS ARE NOT FULLFILLED,
26. SOCIAL CAUSES
UNEXPECTED LFE EVENTS; DEATH,ACCIDENT ETC
LOSS OF MONEY ,PEOPLE ,STATUS,ETC
SEPERATION FROM LOVED ONES,LOVE FAILURES,
DISTURBED INTERPERSONEL RELATIONSHIPS
SIGNIFICANT PERSON DOES NOT RECIPROCATING
LOVE,AFFECTION,TRUST ,COOPERATION
JOB RELATED PROBLEMS; LACK OF RECOGNITION, NO
INCRIMENTS,UNWANTED TRANSFERS,HOSTILE ENVIORNMENT
COURT CASE,POLICE HARASMENT,UNEMPLOYMENT,INJUSTICE,
EXPLOITATION,CHEATING,INFIDIELITY OF SPOUSE,DIVORCE
PAINFULL AND LONG LOSTING DISEASES
27. TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION
ANTI DPRESSANT
DRUGS
IMIPRAMINE
AMITRIPTYLINE
DOXEPIN
FLOXETINE
SERTALINE
ELECTRO CONVULSIVE
THERAPY
INDUCING
ELECTRICAL
SHOCK FOR
0.5
SECONDS
MBT
PSYCHOTHERAPY
AND COUNSELLING
BRAIN POLARAISER
FAMILY
COGNITIVE
PSYCHO ANALYSIS
REGRESSION
28. FIRST AID IN DEPRESSION
DO NOT BE ALONE
SHARE YOUR THOUGHT
DO NOT REMAIN IDLE
CHANGE THE PLACE AND SITIUATION
ALLOW POSITIVE THOUGHT
ACCEPT REALITY
TRY TO GET SUPPORT AND LOVE
DIVERT YOUR ATTENTION BY INVOLVING CREATIVE ACTIVITES
PRAY
&
MEDITATE
LOOK AT BRIGHTER SIDES OF THE LIFE AND PERSONALITY
