5. Molecular cloud Atmospheric cloud
Size 1014 km 1 km
Mass 1036 gm 1011 gm
Particle Density 103 cm-3 1019 cm-3
Temperature 20 K 260 K
Mol./atomic weight 2.3 29
Dynamical time Million years 5 mins
6.
7.
8. • the hydrogen data shows more detailed structure than the visual data, including
many "holes" or bubbles in the hydrogen emission
• the hydrogen emission is more widespread than the visual data and shows
regions of the galaxy that at visual frequencies are obscured by dust, as well as
bridges or spurs that connect spiral arms, and
• nevertheless there are some regions that are more prominent at visual
frequencies, most notably the galactic nucleus.
M101, the Pinwheel Galaxy
optical 21 cm – atomic hydrogen combined
17. Spiral Galaxy Messier 81 in infrared by Spitzer
3.6 micron (blue)
4.5 micron (green)
5.8 micron (yellow)
8.0 micron (red) Distribution of dust
18. M16 in infrared by Spitzer
Blue - 4.5 micron
Green – 8 micron
Red – 24 micron
19. SPECTRAL REGION
WAVELENGTH
RANGE
(micrometer)
TEMPERATURE RANGE
(degrees Kelvin)
WHAT WE SEE
Near-Infrared (0.7-1) to 5 740 to (3,000-5,200)
Cooler red stars
Red giants
Dust is transparent
Mid-Infrared 5 to (25-40) (92.5-140) to 740
Planets, comets and
asteroids
Dust warmed by starlight
Protoplanetary disks
Far-Infrared (25-40) to (200-350)
(10.6-18.5) to (92.5-
140)
Emission from cold dust
Central regions of
galaxies
Very cold molecular
clouds
23. Credit: NASA, the NICMOS Group (STScI, ESA), and the NICMOS Science Team (University of Arizona), H. Ford (JHU),
G. Illingworth (UCSC/LO), M.Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), the ACS Science Team,
The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) and ESA
30. Multiwavelength Milky Way 多波段銀河
Credit: Astrophysics Data Facility, Astronomical Data Center, Space Science Data Operations Office, NASA
31. The Great Observatories
四大太空天文臺
Credit: NASA, Sky & Telescope
1. Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO)
2. Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
3. Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)
4. Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)
31
2
4
32. Three cloud configurations
showing GMCs
(configuration a), a GMC
with an H II blister
(configuration b), and a
giant H II region with
molecular fragments
(configuration c) with stars
forming in all of them.
39. Protoplanetary Disks
Orion Nebula is the home
to tens of what could be the
forming planetary systems.
Credit: NASA,ESA, M. Robberto (STScI) and the HST Orion Treasury Project Team
55. C6 Cat’s Eye Nebula 貓眼星雲
Planetary Nebula
行星狀星雲
Credit: NASA, ESA, HEIC, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), J.P. Harrington, K.J. Borkowski (University of Maryland),
Nordic Optical Telescope and Romano Corradi (Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Spain)
56. Credit: H. Bond (STScI), B. Balick (University of Washington), NASA, ESA
75. Until recently, observations
of the motions of stars near
the Milky Way’s center have
been the closest that
astronomers have come to
observing the event horizon
of the black hole Sgr A*. The
stars’ orbits (dashed lines)
reveal that they are in the
thrall of a very compact
object with a mass of 4.5
million suns. Colored dots
mark the stars’ positions
each year from 1995 to 2008.
The background is a 2008
infrared image of the stars
(and others). The star S0-16
comes closest to Sgr A*—
within seven light-hours—but
even that distance remains
600 times larger than the
event horizon’s radius .
76. Credit: ESA
Launch Date 發射日期: 1990-04-24 12:33:51 UT
Dimensions 尺寸: 15.9m 長 x 4.2m 直徑
Mirror Diameter 口徑: 2.4m
Weight 重量: 11110 kg
Orbital altitude 軌道高度: 568 km
Orbital time 軌道周期: 96 min
哈勃太空望遠鏡
77. Credit: ESA
2.4m 主鏡
Primary Mirror
0.3m 副鏡
Secondary Mirror
鏡蓋
Aperture Door
支援系統 Support Systems
如電腦、電池、陀螺儀、反作用輪、電子儀器
e.g. Computers, batteries, gyroscopes,
reaction wheels, electronics
太陽能板
Solar Panels
通訊天線
Communication
Antennae
精密導星感應器
Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS)
科學儀器
Scientific Instruments
(WFC3, ACS, NICMOS,
STIS, COS)
79. WFC3 Images
(Wide Field Camera 3) 第三代廣角照相機
Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble SM4 ERO Team
Stephan's Quintet 史提芬五重星系
NGC 6302 Carina Nebula 船底星雲
Omega Cluster 奧米加星團
80.
81. Credit: NASA,
ESA, M. Livio
and the Hubble
20th
Anniversary
Team (STScI)
Carina Nebula 船底星雲
85. European Extremely
Large Telescope (E-ELT)
Atacama Large
Millimeter Array (ALMA)
James Webb
Space Telescope (JWST)
Large Synoptic
Survey Telescope (LSST)
