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FACULTAD DE FILOSOSFÌA , LETRAS
    Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÒN
         ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS



       PHONETICS

SHARON RAMOS
Every voiced in both
                         Voicing                  languages


                                                             Also known as pure
                                        simple
                         Vowel                                     vowels
    Vowel production     quality
                                                             Their quality change since a
                                        complex
                                                             beginning or final adjacent


                         Tongue          High , middle or low
                         position


To determine the vowel
      features E
                         area        The sound is produced              Front central or back



                                          Tense

                          Muscle
                          tension
                                            lax


                                           Spread


                                           neutral
                         Lip shape

                                          rounded
SPANISH /i/ with ENGLISH /iy/ and /I/




     Spanish             English
       /i/                /IY/                                English
                                                                /I/

                                                              The tonge is
                    Tonge is positioned                   positined forward
   The fronto       forward and high in                       and slightly
 section of the      the oral cavity with                   lower, with the
tongue rises to     the sides in contact                   sides in contact
 make contact           with the teeth                       with the teeth
 both sides of      laterally and the tip                  laterally and the
   the upper         positioned behind                       tip positineed
  lateral teeth        the lower teeth                    behind the lower
                                                                  teeth
• The jaw moves down more than in /i/production
Spanish   • The tip of the tongue moves forward the lower front
            teeth
  /e/


          • The tongue is positioned forward and highin the oral
            cavity with its sides in contact with the lateral teeth
English
          • The lips are spread and retracted
 /ey/


          • The tongue is positioned forward and high in the oral
            cavity with the sides in contact with the lateral teeth
English
          • Lips are spread retracted
  /ɛ/
• The central area
                 of the oral cavity
Spanish        • The jaw moves
  /a/            down much
                 greatly than the
                 other sounds


                   • It’s positioned
    English          slightly forward and
        /æ/          low in the oral cavity
                     with the apex.


              • The tongue is
                sligthly back and low
English         int the oral cavity
              • The jaw is slightly
  /a/           lowered and may
                change dependng on
                the phonetic.
The schwa     The /ǝ/
Is the most    It’s a quite
                               happens     symbol is
 common       short vowel
                               mostly as   used when
  vowel n       sound in
                                part of    the schwa
  spoken      many lightly
                              unstressed     may be
  english     pronounced
                               syllables    omitted
Spanish /o/       English /ɔ/         English /ow/
• Is retracted     • Is positioned     • The dorso
  backwards the      back in a low-      section of the
  oral cavity        mied position       tongue is moved
• The tip of         with respect to     backwards but
  tongue reaches     the height.         lower than /Ʊ/
  th lower tooth                       • The lips are
  ridge                                  rounded and
                                         protruded.
English dipthongs
                      is complete unless
                           it includes
                          diphthongs
                                            It’s important to
It’s a phonological                        know that there are
group consisting of                         several arbitrary
a vowel sound by a                         ways of transcribing
non- adjacent glide                        diphthongs which
                                           do not eal with IPA




                       diphthongs
SPANISH FALLING DIPHTHONGS



  Spanish       •It’s moving upwards
                 and forwards low
                 central to high
   /ay/          front area


  Spanish       •The tongue moves
                 upward from mid
                 front section to
    /ey/         high front area

                •It moves upward and
  Spanish        backwards
                 smoothly from mid
   /wo/          front to high back
THE CONSONANT INVENTORY




                                           • It concerns             Manner of
                              Point of                              articulation
• Is the doer of            articulation     the place
  the                                        where air goes
  articulation         • Is any part in      through          • It refers to the
                         the mouth                              way how air
• It moves freely                          • It can be the
                       • Can be                                 flows out
  enough to be                               mouth or
                         reached by                             during the
  active speech                              nasal cavity
                         the articulator                        production of
     The articulator                                            a sound
                                                   cavity
/s/ PRODUCTION


/s/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
         FEATURES

Both languages have the /s/ sound
    which is voiceless, apico-
       alveolar,oral, fricative.
          English variants:
               [s] [-s̻-]


      /s/ voiceless, apico-
     alveolar, oral, fricative.
/v/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES




           The /v/ sound
               doesn’t
          exist in Spanish.




                  In English , /v/ is voiced,
ENGLISH          labiodental, oral, fricative
                   and happens in initial,
                 middle and final position.
As an Allophone /ʒ/ of
This /ʒ/ sounds as a           the FRONTO- PALATAL
Phoneme in English.           LATERAL /λ/ in Spanish.




                                       EXAMPLES
                             <ge> garage    /gə'ɹaʒ/
   The /ʒ/ sound occur in    <si> occasion  /ə‘keyʒən/
   English only middle and   <s> measure    /mɛʒəɹ/
        final position.      <g> regime     /ɹeyɪ'ʒiym/
                             <z> azure      /'æʒəɹ/
VOICED
             FRONTO-PALATAL
                  ORAL
                 GROOVE
                FRICATIVE




THE VIOCED FRICATIVE /ʒ/ENTERED THE ENGLISH
PHONEME INVENTORY THROUGH FRENCH WORDS
The voiceless DORSO-
  VELAR /x/ is sound
 which existx particulary
       in Spanish



        EXAMPLES            A common
<j> jarabe      /xaˈrabe/   confusion is made
<g>girasol     /xiɾaˈsol/   with the glottal
<x>xavier      /xabieɾ/     English /h/ when
                            English speaker
                            utter the velar
                            sound
THIS PHONEME /X/ HAS THREE
                ALLOPHONE WHICH MAY
               OCCUR IN FREE VARIATION
                      REGARDING


 VOICELESS
DORSO-VELAR
   ORAL       [x] voiceless, dorso-velar,
 FRICATIVE            oral,fricative
              [h]voiceless, glottal, oral
                      fricative
              [ø] zero allophone
The /h/ is another sound               The /h/ sound never occursin
 which happens in partial                       final position
       distribution




                                          This phoneme not exists in
   Spanish speaker same                  Spanish but it’s an allophone
pronounce as the english /h/                     of sound /x/




                                 EXAMPLES
                            <h> holiday /halɪdey/
                            <wh>whole /ˈhowl/
phoneme /h/ has two allophones in
English:
[h]
voiceless, glottal, oral, fricative
[-ɦ-]voiced,glottal,oral
fricative
                                                   VOICELESS
                                                    GLOTTAL
                                                     ORAL
                                                   FRICATIVE



                           THE ENGLISH WORDS
                      <when>,<why>,<what> are
                   pronunced by some speakear with the
                       initial consonant cluster /hw/
ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATOR
             /ʧ/                            /ʤ/




                                                          AFFRICA
E




                                                           ORAL

                                                            TE
S            [ʧ]                            [ʤ]
         VOICELESS                        VOICED
                          VOICING
                   HOMORGANIC SOUNDS




     AFFRICATES have the same place of articulation
    They are transcribed using the symbols for the stop
           and the fricative creating a diagraph
/ʧ/ FEATURES




   VOICELESS
APICO-ALVEOLAR
LAMINO FRONTO-
    PALATE
     ORAL
   AFFRICATE




  THE / ʧ/ SOUND IS A COMMON ELEMENT IN
   ENGLISH AND SPANISH BESIDES THR BOTH
   LANGUAGES HAVE ONE ALLOPHONE WITH
             THE SAME FEATURES
VOICED
                 APICO-ALVEOLAR
                 LAMINO FRONTO-
                     PALATE
                      ORAL
                    AFFRICATE


IN SPANISH IT IS ALLOPHONE OF THE PALATAL APPROXIMAT
    /y/ UTTERED BY FEW PEOPLE OF THE COAST REGION
CONTRAST NASAL SOUND


                                    ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF
                                          ARTICULATION
The nasals consonants




                                                                       continuant
                                                                       Occlusive
are produced when the         BILABIAL    APICO    DORSO      DORSO
air to flow out through                  ALVEOL    VELAR     PALATAL
                          E




                                                                       Nasal
                                           AR
the nasal cavity          S
                              /m/        /n/       /ŋ/         -----
                              /m/        /n/       [ŋ]       /ɲ/
       /n/ /m/ /ŋ/
                               voiced     voiced    voiced    voiced
                                               VOICING


                                           EXAMPLES
                                      <m> message /ˈmɛsəʤ/
                                     <mm> mammal /ˈmæmə/
ENGLISH                                     SPANISH

It has three allophones:
[m] voiced, bilabial, nasal,
occlusive,continuant                          It has just one allophone
[ɱ]voiced,labiodental,nasal,                             [m]
occlusive,continuant                           voiced,bilabial,nasal,
[mͅ]                                          occlusive,continuant
voiced,bilabial,nasal, occlusive
,continuant,syllabic

                             ENGLISH NASAL CONSONANTS MAY BECOME
                             SYLLABIC WHEN OCCURING IN FINAL-WORD
                             POSITION AS PART OF AS UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE
                             AND BESIDES WHEN THE REDUCED VOWEL SOUND
                             IS DROPPED
CONTINUANT        NASAL




   OCCLISIVE




 APICO ALVEOLAR   VOICED

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VOWEL and CONSONANTS DESCRIPTION by SHARON

  • 1. FACULTAD DE FILOSOSFÌA , LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÒN ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS PHONETICS SHARON RAMOS
  • 2. Every voiced in both Voicing languages Also known as pure simple Vowel vowels Vowel production quality Their quality change since a complex beginning or final adjacent Tongue High , middle or low position To determine the vowel features E area The sound is produced Front central or back Tense Muscle tension lax Spread neutral Lip shape rounded
  • 3. SPANISH /i/ with ENGLISH /iy/ and /I/ Spanish English /i/ /IY/ English /I/ The tonge is Tonge is positioned positined forward The fronto forward and high in and slightly section of the the oral cavity with lower, with the tongue rises to the sides in contact sides in contact make contact with the teeth with the teeth both sides of laterally and the tip laterally and the the upper positioned behind tip positineed lateral teeth the lower teeth behind the lower teeth
  • 4. • The jaw moves down more than in /i/production Spanish • The tip of the tongue moves forward the lower front teeth /e/ • The tongue is positioned forward and highin the oral cavity with its sides in contact with the lateral teeth English • The lips are spread and retracted /ey/ • The tongue is positioned forward and high in the oral cavity with the sides in contact with the lateral teeth English • Lips are spread retracted /ɛ/
  • 5. • The central area of the oral cavity Spanish • The jaw moves /a/ down much greatly than the other sounds • It’s positioned English slightly forward and /æ/ low in the oral cavity with the apex. • The tongue is sligthly back and low English int the oral cavity • The jaw is slightly /a/ lowered and may change dependng on the phonetic.
  • 6. The schwa The /ǝ/ Is the most It’s a quite happens symbol is common short vowel mostly as used when vowel n sound in part of the schwa spoken many lightly unstressed may be english pronounced syllables omitted
  • 7. Spanish /o/ English /ɔ/ English /ow/ • Is retracted • Is positioned • The dorso backwards the back in a low- section of the oral cavity mied position tongue is moved • The tip of with respect to backwards but tongue reaches the height. lower than /Ʊ/ th lower tooth • The lips are ridge rounded and protruded.
  • 8. English dipthongs is complete unless it includes diphthongs It’s important to It’s a phonological know that there are group consisting of several arbitrary a vowel sound by a ways of transcribing non- adjacent glide diphthongs which do not eal with IPA diphthongs
  • 9. SPANISH FALLING DIPHTHONGS Spanish •It’s moving upwards and forwards low central to high /ay/ front area Spanish •The tongue moves upward from mid front section to /ey/ high front area •It moves upward and Spanish backwards smoothly from mid /wo/ front to high back
  • 10. THE CONSONANT INVENTORY • It concerns Manner of Point of articulation • Is the doer of articulation the place the where air goes articulation • Is any part in through • It refers to the the mouth way how air • It moves freely • It can be the • Can be flows out enough to be mouth or reached by during the active speech nasal cavity the articulator production of The articulator a sound cavity
  • 11. /s/ PRODUCTION /s/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES Both languages have the /s/ sound which is voiceless, apico- alveolar,oral, fricative. English variants: [s] [-s̻-] /s/ voiceless, apico- alveolar, oral, fricative.
  • 12. /v/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC FEATURES The /v/ sound doesn’t exist in Spanish. In English , /v/ is voiced, ENGLISH labiodental, oral, fricative and happens in initial, middle and final position.
  • 13. As an Allophone /ʒ/ of This /ʒ/ sounds as a the FRONTO- PALATAL Phoneme in English. LATERAL /λ/ in Spanish. EXAMPLES <ge> garage /gə'ɹaʒ/ The /ʒ/ sound occur in <si> occasion /ə‘keyʒən/ English only middle and <s> measure /mɛʒəɹ/ final position. <g> regime /ɹeyɪ'ʒiym/ <z> azure /'æʒəɹ/
  • 14. VOICED FRONTO-PALATAL ORAL GROOVE FRICATIVE THE VIOCED FRICATIVE /ʒ/ENTERED THE ENGLISH PHONEME INVENTORY THROUGH FRENCH WORDS
  • 15. The voiceless DORSO- VELAR /x/ is sound which existx particulary in Spanish EXAMPLES A common <j> jarabe /xaˈrabe/ confusion is made <g>girasol /xiɾaˈsol/ with the glottal <x>xavier /xabieɾ/ English /h/ when English speaker utter the velar sound
  • 16. THIS PHONEME /X/ HAS THREE ALLOPHONE WHICH MAY OCCUR IN FREE VARIATION REGARDING VOICELESS DORSO-VELAR ORAL [x] voiceless, dorso-velar, FRICATIVE oral,fricative [h]voiceless, glottal, oral fricative [ø] zero allophone
  • 17. The /h/ is another sound The /h/ sound never occursin which happens in partial final position distribution This phoneme not exists in Spanish speaker same Spanish but it’s an allophone pronounce as the english /h/ of sound /x/ EXAMPLES <h> holiday /halɪdey/ <wh>whole /ˈhowl/
  • 18. phoneme /h/ has two allophones in English: [h] voiceless, glottal, oral, fricative [-ɦ-]voiced,glottal,oral fricative VOICELESS GLOTTAL ORAL FRICATIVE THE ENGLISH WORDS <when>,<why>,<what> are pronunced by some speakear with the initial consonant cluster /hw/
  • 19. ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATOR /ʧ/ /ʤ/ AFFRICA E ORAL TE S [ʧ] [ʤ] VOICELESS VOICED VOICING HOMORGANIC SOUNDS AFFRICATES have the same place of articulation They are transcribed using the symbols for the stop and the fricative creating a diagraph
  • 20. /ʧ/ FEATURES VOICELESS APICO-ALVEOLAR LAMINO FRONTO- PALATE ORAL AFFRICATE THE / ʧ/ SOUND IS A COMMON ELEMENT IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH BESIDES THR BOTH LANGUAGES HAVE ONE ALLOPHONE WITH THE SAME FEATURES
  • 21. VOICED APICO-ALVEOLAR LAMINO FRONTO- PALATE ORAL AFFRICATE IN SPANISH IT IS ALLOPHONE OF THE PALATAL APPROXIMAT /y/ UTTERED BY FEW PEOPLE OF THE COAST REGION
  • 22. CONTRAST NASAL SOUND ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATION The nasals consonants continuant Occlusive are produced when the BILABIAL APICO DORSO DORSO air to flow out through ALVEOL VELAR PALATAL E Nasal AR the nasal cavity S /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ ----- /m/ /n/ [ŋ] /ɲ/ /n/ /m/ /ŋ/ voiced voiced voiced voiced VOICING EXAMPLES <m> message /ˈmɛsəʤ/ <mm> mammal /ˈmæmə/
  • 23. ENGLISH SPANISH It has three allophones: [m] voiced, bilabial, nasal, occlusive,continuant It has just one allophone [ɱ]voiced,labiodental,nasal, [m] occlusive,continuant voiced,bilabial,nasal, [mͅ] occlusive,continuant voiced,bilabial,nasal, occlusive ,continuant,syllabic ENGLISH NASAL CONSONANTS MAY BECOME SYLLABIC WHEN OCCURING IN FINAL-WORD POSITION AS PART OF AS UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE AND BESIDES WHEN THE REDUCED VOWEL SOUND IS DROPPED
  • 24. CONTINUANT NASAL OCCLISIVE APICO ALVEOLAR VOICED