Normal Discomfort and Complications in Pregnancy

2. Normal Discomforts and
Danger
Signs of Pregnancy

3. Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea is refer
as a morning
sickness. Nausea
and vomiting
may be due to
physiological
changes during
pregnancy or to
emotional
factors.

4. Heartburn
This is a painful
burning in the
chest, caused
by indigestion.

5. Constipation
This is the
difficulty in
emptying the
bowels due to
the pressure of
the growing
fetus.

6. Flatulence
This is too much
gas in the
stomach or
bowels.

7. Shortness of breath
This is due to
the rising
upward
movement of
enlarging
fetus.

8. Backache
This is the dull
pain in the
back.

9. Varicose vein or
varicosity
This happens when
there is
interference with
the return flow of
blood in the feet
and legs.

10. Swelling of the Feet
This is due to seepage of
fluid through the walls
of the distended veins
of the legs but
disappears following
night rest.

11. Leg Cramp
It is caused by tension
and circulatory
impairment
resulting from
pressure of the
gravid uterus on the
pelvic veins over of
stretching muscles
or lack of calcium in
the diet.

12. Complications of Pregnancy

13. 0 Complications of pregnancy are the symptoms
and problems that is associated with
pregnancy.
0 They are both routine problems and serious.
0 Serious problems can cause both maternal
death and fetal death if untreated.

14. 1. TOXEMIA
This is caused by
poison that
accumulates in
the blood. It
causes high
blood pressure ,
headache,
blurred vision
and vomiting.

15. 2. German Measles
• This is caused by a
virus which
produces a mild
disease
characterized by
rashes.

16. 3. Hemorrhage or Bleeding

17. a. Placenta Previa
• placenta is located near the internal
opening of the cervix instead of the
upper portion of the anterior or
posterior of the uterus. This is the most
common bleeding disorder of the third
semester.

21. Types of
Placenta Previa

22. Complete or Total
Placenta Previa
• The placenta
completely covers
the internal os
(opening of the
cervix into the body
of the uterus) when
the cervix is fully
dilated.

23. Partial Placenta
Previa
• the placenta partially
covers the internal
os (opening of the
cervix in the body of
uterus)

24. .Marginal Placenta
Previa
the edge of the
placenta is lying at
the margin of the
internal os (opening
of the cervix in the
body of uterus)

25. Low Lying Placenta Previa
the placenta
implants near the
internal os. Its
edges can be felt by
examining finger on
the internal
examination. (IE)

27. Causes of Placenta Previa
1. Multiparity
2. Multiple pregnancy
3. Advance of Maternal Age-over 35 years old
4. Smoking
5. Previous Caesarian section and abortion
6. Uterine incisions

28. ++

29. b. Abruptio Placentae
This is the
separation of the
placenta from the
uterus before the
baby’s birth. It is
also called
placental
abruption and
accidental
hemorrhage.

31. Causes of Abruptio Placentae
1. Uterine anomalies
2. Multiparity
3. Preeclampsia
4. Previous Caesarian delivery
5. Renal or Vascular disease
6. Trauma to the Abdomen
7. Previous Third Trimester Bleeding
8. Abnormally Large Placenta
9. Short Umbilical Cord

32. Types of Abruptio Placentae
• Covert or Central abruptio placentae –
separation begins at the centerof placenta
attachment resulting in blood being trapped
behind the placenta, bleeding then is internal
and not obvious.
• Overt or Marginal abruptio placentae-
separation begins at the edges of placenta
allowing blood to escape from the uterus
cavity. Bleeding is external.

34. • Classification is based on extent of
separation and location of
separation (like marginal vs. central)

35. c. Abortion pregnancies that
terminate before the age of
viability.

36. d. Ectopic Pregnancy

37. d. Ectopic Pregnancy
• This is pregnancy which takes place outside
the uterus. It is caused by conditions that
hinder or prevent the fertilized ovum from
passing into the uterine cavity
• This is the second leading cause of bleeding in
early pregnancy.

39. Types of Ectopic Pregnancy
1. Tubal 6. Tubo-uterine
2. Ovarian 7. Tubo-abdominal
3. Cervical 8. Tubo-ovarian
4. Abdominal 9. Heterotypic
5. Broad ligaments pregnancy

40. e. Pelvic abnormality
This means that pelvic bones of the
mother are too small in relation to
the head of the unborn child so that
the passage of the child proves to
be difficult.

41. f. Abortion
1. Expulsion of the fetus before it is viable
2. May be spontaneous or induced
3. The most common bleeding disorder of
early pregnancy
4. Occurs in 15 to 20% of recognized
pregnancy.

42. 4. Hyperemesis Gravidarum
• A. severe , persistent vomiting during
pregnancy
• Excessive nausea and vomiting which
leads to electrolyte metabolic, and
nutritional imbalances in the
imbalances in the absence of other
medical problems.

43. 5. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
• Preeclampsia is a hypertensive
disorder of pregnancy developing
after 20 weeks gestation and
characterized by edema,
hypertension , and proteinuria

44. 6. Gestational Diabetes
 Diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy.
 It is a disorder of late pregnancy caused
by increased pancreatic stimulation
associated with pregnancy.

45. 7.Anemia ( Iron Deficiency)
• It is most common during pregnancy
affecting 15 to 50%
• Also called physiologic anemia
• Has a hemoglobin value of less than 11
mg/dL or hematocrit value less than 33%
durng the 2nd and 3rd trimester.

46. 8. Hydatidiform Mole
• A benign disorder characterized by
degeneration of the chorion and death
of the embryo
• The chorionic villi rapidly proliferate and
become grape-like vesicles that produce
large amount of HCG.

47. 9. Incompetent Cervix
• Characterized by painless dilation of the
cervical os without contraction of the
uterus.
• Commonly occurs at about 20th week of
pregnancy.

48. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9X8ZAxo
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