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Knowledge Creation
 The key to effective software development


            Chris Hedgate
              @chrishedgate
            chris@hedgate.net
         http://www.hedgate.net/
Q: What if I train staff and they leave?
 A: What if you don’t, and they stay?

                       Twitter (attribution unknown)
Write code
“Fake” example




                   Google it




   Copy-paste                  Try yourself
     similar



                     Ask an expert
                                              What code?


     Get time                                              Write code
  from expert...                  New
                               technology?
Policies?

                                                       Avoid
                                                    performance
                                                       issues

“Fake” example                 Follow policies




                                                     Write
                   Google it                     “correct code”




   Copy-paste                   Try yourself
     similar                                              Which solution?



                     Ask an expert
                                                 What code?


     Get time                                                           Write code
  from expert...                   New
                                technology?
Ask the
                                                                                      architect

                                                                                                             Read docs



                          Policies?                                                         Understand
                                                                                              design
                                                       Avoid
                                                    performance
                                                       issues

“Fake” example                 Follow policies                           Find the
                                                                        right place                 Understand
                                                                                                   existing code

                                                     Write
                   Google it                     “correct code”
                                                                              Where in
                                                                             code base?

   Copy-paste                   Try yourself
     similar                                              Which solution?



                     Ask an expert
                                                 What code?


     Get time                                                           Write code
  from expert...                   New
                                technology?
Ask the
                                                                                      architect

                                                                                                             Read docs



                          Policies?                                                         Understand
                                                                                              design
                                                       Avoid
                                                    performance
                                                       issues

“Fake” example                 Follow policies                           Find the
                                                                        right place                 Understand                               Am I allowed?
                                                                                                   existing code

                                                     Write                                                                  Do I have
                   Google it                     “correct code”                                                          necessary rights?
                                                                              Where in
                                                                             code base?
                                                                                                     Modify
   Copy-paste                   Try yourself                                                      existing code
     similar                                              Which solution?



                     Ask an expert
                                                 What code?


     Get time                                                           Write code
  from expert...                   New
                                technology?
Ask the
                                                                                      architect

                                                                                                              Read docs



                          Policies?                                                         Understand
                                                                                              design
                                                       Avoid
                                                    performance
                                                       issues

“Fake” example                 Follow policies                           Find the
                                                                        right place                  Understand                                Am I allowed?
                                                                                                    existing code

                                                     Write                                                                   Do I have
                   Google it                     “correct code”                                                           necessary rights?
                                                                              Where in
                                                                             code base?
                                                                                                      Modify
   Copy-paste                   Try yourself                                                       existing code                     Talk to
     similar                                              Which solution?
                                                                                                                                    customer
                                                                                                                                                           Which
                                                                                                                                                         customer?
                     Ask an expert
                                                 What code?                                       Which problem?


     Get time                                                           Write code                                         Specs?
  from expert...                   New                                                                                                         Understand specs
                                technology?
Integrate?!?
| Learning is the #1 constraint in software development
| Most efforts focus on sharing explicit knowledge




                     Photo from margolove’s Flickr stream http://www.flickr.com/photos/margolove/1252522330/
| Knowledge-as-objects is a codifying perspective
| Knowledge-as-relations is a personalizing perspective
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and




         A

  Value of sender’s
  knowledge base
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and




                   Motivation of
                  sender to share


         A              B

  Value of sender’s
  knowledge base
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and




                   Motivation of
                  sender to share


         A              B              C

  Value of sender’s               Availability of
  knowledge base              transmission channels
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and




                   Motivation of                 Motivation of
                  sender to share             receiver to receive


         A              B              C              D

  Value of sender’s               Availability of
  knowledge base              transmission channels
| Effective knowledge creation requires people and




                   Motivation of                 Motivation of
                  sender to share             receiver to receive


         A              B              C              D               E

  Value of sender’s               Availability of            Absorbation capacity
  knowledge base              transmission channels              at receiver
V (D)   =   LIS(D)
| Value people, roles and activities that builds knowledge
| Create an environment for knowledge creation
The SECI model of knowledge creation
Socialization


   I     I
Socialization   Externalization
                       I
   I     I        I         I
                      G
                  I         I
                       I
Socialization   Externalization
                       I
   I     I        I         I
                      G
                  I         I
                       I


                Combination
                      G


                  G   O    G


                      G
Socialization           Externalization
                               I
    I           I         I         I
                              G
                          I         I
                               I


Internalization         Combination
                              G
                    O
            G             G   O    G
        I
                              G
| The ba - a physical, virtual and cultural place
Socialization
                 Conversation
                Pairing
                Morning meetings
                Water cooler
                Sit together
                Music
Codification
Retrospectives          Externalization
Code reviews
Whiteboards
Information radiators
Documentation
Presentations
Brownbag lunches
Code labs
Reuse
Scrum-of-scrums
Wikis
Coding guidelines
Planning meetings
Demos and reviews
Patterns            Combination
Learning
                  Mentorship
                  Pairing
                  Information radiators
                  Study groups
Internalization
| Make knowledge creation your main focus

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Knowledge Creation - Lightning Talk

  • 1. Knowledge Creation The key to effective software development Chris Hedgate @chrishedgate chris@hedgate.net http://www.hedgate.net/
  • 2. Q: What if I train staff and they leave? A: What if you don’t, and they stay? Twitter (attribution unknown)
  • 4. “Fake” example Google it Copy-paste Try yourself similar Ask an expert What code? Get time Write code from expert... New technology?
  • 5. Policies? Avoid performance issues “Fake” example Follow policies Write Google it “correct code” Copy-paste Try yourself similar Which solution? Ask an expert What code? Get time Write code from expert... New technology?
  • 6. Ask the architect Read docs Policies? Understand design Avoid performance issues “Fake” example Follow policies Find the right place Understand existing code Write Google it “correct code” Where in code base? Copy-paste Try yourself similar Which solution? Ask an expert What code? Get time Write code from expert... New technology?
  • 7. Ask the architect Read docs Policies? Understand design Avoid performance issues “Fake” example Follow policies Find the right place Understand Am I allowed? existing code Write Do I have Google it “correct code” necessary rights? Where in code base? Modify Copy-paste Try yourself existing code similar Which solution? Ask an expert What code? Get time Write code from expert... New technology?
  • 8. Ask the architect Read docs Policies? Understand design Avoid performance issues “Fake” example Follow policies Find the right place Understand Am I allowed? existing code Write Do I have Google it “correct code” necessary rights? Where in code base? Modify Copy-paste Try yourself existing code Talk to similar Which solution? customer Which customer? Ask an expert What code? Which problem? Get time Write code Specs? from expert... New Understand specs technology?
  • 10. | Learning is the #1 constraint in software development
  • 11. | Most efforts focus on sharing explicit knowledge Photo from margolove’s Flickr stream http://www.flickr.com/photos/margolove/1252522330/
  • 12. | Knowledge-as-objects is a codifying perspective
  • 13. | Knowledge-as-relations is a personalizing perspective
  • 14. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and
  • 15. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and A Value of sender’s knowledge base
  • 16. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and Motivation of sender to share A B Value of sender’s knowledge base
  • 17. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and Motivation of sender to share A B C Value of sender’s Availability of knowledge base transmission channels
  • 18. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and Motivation of Motivation of sender to share receiver to receive A B C D Value of sender’s Availability of knowledge base transmission channels
  • 19. | Effective knowledge creation requires people and Motivation of Motivation of sender to share receiver to receive A B C D E Value of sender’s Availability of Absorbation capacity knowledge base transmission channels at receiver
  • 20. V (D) = LIS(D)
  • 21. | Value people, roles and activities that builds knowledge
  • 22. | Create an environment for knowledge creation
  • 23. The SECI model of knowledge creation
  • 25. Socialization Externalization I I I I I G I I I
  • 26. Socialization Externalization I I I I I G I I I Combination G G O G G
  • 27. Socialization Externalization I I I I I G I I I Internalization Combination G O G G O G I G
  • 28. | The ba - a physical, virtual and cultural place
  • 29. Socialization Conversation Pairing Morning meetings Water cooler Sit together Music
  • 30. Codification Retrospectives Externalization Code reviews Whiteboards Information radiators Documentation Presentations Brownbag lunches Code labs
  • 32. Learning Mentorship Pairing Information radiators Study groups Internalization
  • 33. | Make knowledge creation your main focus

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. \n
  2. \n
  3. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  4. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  5. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  6. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  7. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  8. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  9. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  10. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  11. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  12. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  13. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  14. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  15. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  16. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  17. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  18. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  19. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  20. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  21. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  22. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  23. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  24. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  25. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  26. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  27. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  28. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  29. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  30. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  31. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  32. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  33. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  34. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  35. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  36. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  37. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  38. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  39. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  40. How can anybody claim that building software is about writing code?\n
  41. (Shared) knowledge prevents bugs, removes bottlenecks, improves effectiveness\n
  42. Budgets only focus on sharing explicit knowledge. We forget the continuous sharing of tacit knowledge.\n
  43. We value databases of information. Make it searchable, findable, attainable. Have policies about codifying knowledge, and sharing it.\n
  44. Work with the people, as bearers of knowledge. Focus on personal relations, networks and meeting places for tacit knowledge to manifest.\nBoth perspectives are important, but it is easy to focus only on codifying knowledge with movement of employees etc. This is a fallacy though, lots of knowledge does not lend itself to codifying.\n
  45. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  46. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  47. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  48. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  49. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  50. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  51. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  52. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  53. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
  54. Masters essay in informatics, Maria Håkansson and Frida Wedefelt, Göteborgs Universitet, 2003\nA: Easy, competence efforts.\nB: Medium, though most people like to share. Work continuously.\nC: Easy, focused efforts.\nD: Very difficult. People must want to learn. Cultural. Work continuously.\nE: Easy if you want it. Give space & time.\n
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  57. You cannot control knowledge creation, especially the tacit knowledge. Incentives only hurt. Create an environment where knowledge creation can thrive, and it will.\n
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  67. The Japanese word ba, meaning “place”, is used when talking about the environment work happens in. It has physical, virtual and cultural aspects. Work on all!\n
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