Presentation prepared for lectures on Fascism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.

1. Fascism Dr. Christopher S. Rice

5. Totalitarian + Reactionary

6. Totalitarianism the complete control of society – government, social, economic, cultural institutions – in order to fulfill an ideological vision of how society should be organized and how life should be lived.

7. Gleichschaltung

8. Reactionary

9. Fascism is “a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values…from beneath the ruins of liberal, socialist, and democratic doctrines, Fascism extracts those elements which are still vital… supercede[s] socialism and supercede[s] liberalism…creates a new synthesis…Man is integral, he is political, he is economic, he is religious, he is saint, he is warrior.” - Benito Mussolini

10. A Syncretic Ideology

11. Concerns on the Right

12. Concerns on the Left

13. Corporatism

14. Defining Fascism

15. nationalism + conservatism = Fascism

16. nationalism + socialism = Fascism

17. Fascism an ideology which strives to forge social rebirth based on a holistic-national radical Third Way, though in practice it has tended to stress style, especially action and the charismatic leader, more than detailed program, and a demonization of its enemies.

18. Goin’ Fishin…

19. Nationalism

20. Volkish movement

21. Anti-Enlightenment/anti-positivism

22. Psychology Philosophy Sociology

23. Superpatriotism the tendency to place nationalistic pride and supremacy above every other public consideration, the readiness to follow our leaders uncritically in their dealings with other nations, especially confrontations involving the use of military force and violence.

24. FEAR

25. “ The people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country.” - Hermann Goering

26. “ In order to bring a nation to support the burdens of maintaining great military establishments, it is necessary to create an emotional state akin to war psychology. There must be the portrayal of external menace.” - John Foster Dulles

27. The Cold War The Long War

28. Human Nature

30. We are defined by our differences…

32. Freedom

33. Everything in the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.

34. Believe, Obey, Fight!

35. The Fascist View of Freedom (Ball and Dagger, “Fascism”) OBSTACLE: Individualism, Independent Groups, Class Divisions AGENT: The Nation-State GOAL: The power and glory of the state

36. The Leader

39. Fuehrerprinzip

41. Insistence on “belief”

42. The Herd

43. Cult of Personality

44. Nazism

45. Similarities to Fascism

46. Fascism + Racism = Nazism

47. volksgemeinschaft

48. The Nazi View of Freedom (Ball and Dagger, “Fascism”) OBSTACLE: “ Inferior” races, Humanitarian Ideas, Class Divisions AGENT: Aryan Race, Volksgemeinschaft GOAL: Racial Supremacy, “ Thousand-Year Reich”

49. Fascism as an Ideology

50. Explanation

51. Evaluation

52. Orientation

53. Political Program