HTML::Mason by Example: Embed Perl in Text and Build Large Dynamic Websites
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This document provides an overview of HTML::Mason, which is a templating system that allows embedding Perl code and components in HTML pages. It discusses how Mason is used by large, dynamic websites and how it integrates with Apache via modules like mod_perl. The document also provides examples of using Mason components, handlers, and request objects to modularly design websites with reusable elements.
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HTML::Mason by Example: Embed Perl in Text and Build Large Dynamic Websites
- 1. HTML::Mason by example BPW2007 chrisv.cpan.org Saturday 27 October 2007 1
- 2. embed perl in text (and then some) Saturday 27 October 2007 2
- 3. “alternatives” • Text::Template & HTML::Template • Template Toolkit • Apache::ASP • Embperl • PHP • ASP (ActiveState ActivePerl) Saturday 27 October 2007 3
- 4. building large dynamic websites Saturday 27 October 2007 4
- 5. • Amazon • IMDB • del.icio.us • DynDNS • jobs.perl.org • RT Saturday 27 October 2007 5
- 6. Apache + mod_perl Apache2 + mod_perl2 Saturday 27 October 2007 6
- 7. httpd.conf #PerlModule Apache2::Compat PerlModule HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler <LocationMatch quot;.html$quot;> SetHandler perl-script PerlHandler HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler </LocationMatch> Saturday 27 October 2007 7
- 8. preload perl modules startup.pl Saturday 27 October 2007 8
- 9. Apache integration (objects) Saturday 27 October 2007 9
- 10. by example Saturday 27 October 2007 10
- 11. sample “component” % my $planet = quot;Worldquot;; Hello, <% $planet %>! Saturday 27 October 2007 11
- 12. output Hello, World! Saturday 27 October 2007 12
- 13. Greetings, <% (quot;Earthlingsquot;, quot;Martiansquot;)[rand 2] %> Saturday 27 October 2007 13
- 14. in-line perl sections <%perl> my $noun = 'World'; my @time = localtime; </%perl> Hello <% $noun %>, % if ( $time[2] < 12 ) { good morning. % } else { good afternoon. % } Saturday 27 October 2007 14
- 15. Mason pushes the boundaries of the term “Templating System” Saturday 27 October 2007 15
- 16. “components”: modular design elements Saturday 27 October 2007 16
- 17. header.mas <html> <head> <title>Welcome to Wally World!</title> </head> <body bgcolor=quot;#CCFFCCquot;> Saturday 27 October 2007 17
- 18. footer.mas <center><a href=quot;/quot;>Home</ a> </center> </body></html> Saturday 27 October 2007 18
- 19. mainpage.html <& header.mas &> this is body text... <& footer.mas &> Saturday 27 October 2007 19
- 20. mainpage.html <& header.mas, head => quot;Wally World Homequot; &> this is body text... <& footer.mas &> Saturday 27 October 2007 20
- 21. header.mas <%args> $head </%args> <html> <head> <title><% $head %></title> </head> <body bgcolor=quot;#CCFFCCquot;> <center><h1><% $head %></h1></center> Saturday 27 October 2007 21
- 22. autohandler <html> <head> <title><% $m->base_comp->attr('head') %></title> </head> <body bgcolor=quot;#CCFFCCquot;> <center> <h1><% $m->base_comp->attr('head') %></h1> </center> % $m->call_next; <center><a href=quot;/quot;>Home</a></center> </body></html> Saturday 27 October 2007 22
- 23. mainpage.html <%attr> head => quot;Wally World Homequot; </%attr> this is body text... Saturday 27 October 2007 23
- 24. dhandlers e.g. http://myserver/newsfeeds/LocalNews/Story1 /newsfeeds/LocalNews/Story1 => no such thing /newsfeeds/LocalNews/dhandler => no such thing /newsfeeds/dhandler => found! (search ends) /dhandler (The found dhandler would read “LocalNews/Story1” from $m->dhandler_arg and use it as a retrieval key into a database of stories) Saturday 27 October 2007 24
- 25. components ~ subs <%init> my $ua = $r->header_in('User-Agent'); return ($ua =~ /Mozilla/i && $ua !~ /MSIE/i) ? 1 : 0; </%init> Saturday 27 October 2007 25
- 26. dhandlers vs autohandlers • use an autohandler when you have a set of components to handle your pages and you want to augment them with a template/filter • use a dhandler when you want to create a set of “virtual URLs” that don't correspond to any actual components, or to provide default behavior for a directory Saturday 27 October 2007 26
- 27. Mason Request Objects Two global per-request objects are available to all components: $r (provides a Perl API to current Apache request) and $m (provides a Perl API to current Mason request) $r->uri # the HTTP request URI $r->content_type # set or retrieve content-type $m->caller() # returns the calling component $m->dhandler_arg() # returns url parts $m->redirect(URL, [HTTP status]) Saturday 27 October 2007 27
- 28. http://masonhq.com/ Saturday 27 October 2007 28
- 29. http://masonbook.com/ Saturday 27 October 2007 29
- 30. thank you Saturday 27 October 2007 30