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Definition: ,[object Object]
Examples: Because rational functions are expressed in the form of a fraction, the denominator of a rational function cannot be zero, since division by zero is not defined.
Domain: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Graphing Rational Functions Step 1: Identify zeros (x-intercepts) of the function. The zeros of this function are found by setting  y to 0 and solving for x:  We see that when we do this, we find that the  numerator  determines our zeros. In this case, our zero is found by solving  x −1=0, so x = 1 is our zero. Step 2: Identify our vertical asymptotes. We know that this function is undefined when the  denominator  is 0. So, let us find for which  x-values  the denominator is equal to zero. Our graph will contain vertical asymptotes at these  x-values.  We   want to solve the equation 2 x 2  +7x+3=0.
So, our graph contains  two  vertical asymptotes, which represent values of x that our function does not contain in its domain. Our graph will  tend towards  these x-values, but will never pass through them.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Notice that when x -> ∞ , each term that contains an x in the denominator after our last step approaches 0, since we’re dividing constants by more and more. So, as x -> ∞ , .  Similarly, as x -> −∞ , y -> 0 . So, our horizontal asymptote is y = 0 . Notice that the degree of the numerator is  less  than that of the denominator.  If this is the case,  the horizontal asymptote is  y = 0  .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Step 5: Find y-intercept. We find our y-intercept by setting x to be 0 and solving for y. So, since  our y-intercept is  .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section Test Point Value of function Above or below the x-axis x < -3 x = -4 y  < 0  Below -3 < x <  x = -1 y = 1 Above < x < 1 x = 0 y =  < 0 Below x > 1 x = 2 y = 0.04 Above
[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s look at another one… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 2 ,[object Object]
Step 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Step 3b ,[object Object],[object Object],When you can reduce, this creates a hole. Think of asymptotes like walls and holes like puddles…you can’t walk through a walk, but you can jump over a puddle. When you see duplicate values, that means there is a hole and not really an asymptote. You can even look for holes first!
Step 4 ,[object Object]
Start putting it together When we put the asymptotes, intercepts, and hole on the graph it’s easy to see where the graph goes…
Draw in the graph… ,[object Object]
Using the TI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice Problem: ,[object Object],x-intercept: x = 2 y-intercept: y = Vertical asymptotes:  x = -3  &  x = 4 Horizontal asymptote:  y = 0

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M17 t1 notes

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3. Examples: Because rational functions are expressed in the form of a fraction, the denominator of a rational function cannot be zero, since division by zero is not defined.
  • 4.
  • 5. Graphing Rational Functions Step 1: Identify zeros (x-intercepts) of the function. The zeros of this function are found by setting y to 0 and solving for x: We see that when we do this, we find that the numerator determines our zeros. In this case, our zero is found by solving x −1=0, so x = 1 is our zero. Step 2: Identify our vertical asymptotes. We know that this function is undefined when the denominator is 0. So, let us find for which x-values the denominator is equal to zero. Our graph will contain vertical asymptotes at these x-values. We want to solve the equation 2 x 2 +7x+3=0.
  • 6. So, our graph contains two vertical asymptotes, which represent values of x that our function does not contain in its domain. Our graph will tend towards these x-values, but will never pass through them.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Start putting it together When we put the asymptotes, intercepts, and hole on the graph it’s easy to see where the graph goes…
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.