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The	
  Tangled	
  Wing
      Chapter Four
  The Fabric of Meaning

      Alison	
  et	
  Claire
Overview
— When	
  the	
  brain	
  starts	
  to	
  
   grow,	
  billions	
  of	
  neurons	
  
   must	
  be	
  born
    — 100,000	
  a	
  minute	
  by	
  the	
  
       division	
  of	
  parent	
  cells
— Within	
  the	
  neurons
    — Dendrites	
  receive
    — Axons	
  transmit
Brain	
  Development
— Is	
  not	
  random,	
  yet	
  it	
  is	
  
   impossible	
  to	
  predict
— Tiny	
  differences	
  at	
  the	
  
   start	
  are	
  amplified	
  with	
  
   time.
    — Chaos	
  in	
  the	
  formal	
  sense
— It	
  is	
  fast,	
  orderly,	
  
   amazingly	
  complex,	
  and	
  
   miraculous
Brain	
  Development

— During	
  development,	
  
  spines	
  along	
  the	
  
  dendrites	
  form
   — Can	
  be	
  changed	
  either	
  
      by	
  genes	
  or	
  by	
  
      experience
— Brain	
  development	
  is	
  a	
  
  combination	
  of	
  both
Genes
— In	
  early	
  stages,	
  genes	
  
   determine	
  most	
  of	
  the	
  
   brains	
  development
    — Shape	
  forms
— Genes	
  give	
  the	
  brain	
  a	
  
   predetermined	
  structure	
  
   and	
  design	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  
   genetic	
  material	
  from	
  
   parents.	
  
— Tay-­‐Sachs	
  Disease	
  is	
  an	
  
   example	
  of	
  how	
  important	
  
   genes	
  are	
  for	
  brain	
  
   development.	
  
Experience/Environment
— Environmental	
  
   enrichment

— How	
  the	
  Brain	
  is	
  
   affected	
  by	
  
   stimulations
Theories

— Purves


— Changeux


— Edelman


— Goodwin	
  and	
  Kauffman
Conclusion
— No	
  simple	
  construct	
  will	
  
   explain	
  how	
  the	
  
   dissimilar	
  tasks	
  of	
  brain	
  
   development	
  are	
  shared	
  
   between	
  genes	
  and	
  
   environment.	
  
— However,	
  in	
  any	
  analysis	
  
   of	
  human	
  nature,	
  neither	
  
   can	
  be	
  ignored.	
  
Fin

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Tangled wing presentation

  • 1. The  Tangled  Wing Chapter Four The Fabric of Meaning Alison  et  Claire
  • 2. Overview — When  the  brain  starts  to   grow,  billions  of  neurons   must  be  born — 100,000  a  minute  by  the   division  of  parent  cells — Within  the  neurons — Dendrites  receive — Axons  transmit
  • 3. Brain  Development — Is  not  random,  yet  it  is   impossible  to  predict — Tiny  differences  at  the   start  are  amplified  with   time. — Chaos  in  the  formal  sense — It  is  fast,  orderly,   amazingly  complex,  and   miraculous
  • 4. Brain  Development — During  development,   spines  along  the   dendrites  form — Can  be  changed  either   by  genes  or  by   experience — Brain  development  is  a   combination  of  both
  • 5. Genes — In  early  stages,  genes   determine  most  of  the   brains  development — Shape  forms — Genes  give  the  brain  a   predetermined  structure   and  design  based  on  the   genetic  material  from   parents.   — Tay-­‐Sachs  Disease  is  an   example  of  how  important   genes  are  for  brain   development.  
  • 6. Experience/Environment — Environmental   enrichment — How  the  Brain  is   affected  by   stimulations
  • 7. Theories — Purves — Changeux — Edelman — Goodwin  and  Kauffman
  • 8. Conclusion — No  simple  construct  will   explain  how  the   dissimilar  tasks  of  brain   development  are  shared   between  genes  and   environment.   — However,  in  any  analysis   of  human  nature,  neither   can  be  ignored.  
  • 9. Fin