SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  11
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Comprehension

  Narrative Text
Overview
                          Reading Comprehension

            Scaffolding Readers’                           Developing Readers’
            Development of Skills &                        Awareness of Story
            Strategies                                     Structure

                             Active
Question-Answer                                             Story Elements           Building a
                             Comprehension
Relationship                                                                         Schema for
(QAR)                                                                                Stories
           Reciprocal    Questioning
           Questions     the Author
                         (QtA)

                          Guiding Readers’ Interactions With Texts

     Directed Reading-                                                         KWL
     Thinking Activity
     (DR-TA)
                         Discussion Webs                   Story Impressions

                                    Inferential Strategy
Comprehension Strategies
• Teachers engage students in
  direct, explicit, researched-based
  strategy instruction so that students
  can in turn understand, respond
  to, question, and even challenge the
  author’s ideas.
• Students use cognitive and
  metacognitive strategies plus prior
  knowledge to construct meaning.

• “Comprehension refers to the ability to
  actively construct appropriate meaning
  from the text.”
  (Rasinski,Padak, Fawcett, 2010)
Active Comprehension
• When students ask questions that
  elicit questions in return, they are
  involved in active comprehension.
• Instead of the teacher asking, “What is
  the picture about?” the teacher should
  ask, “What would you like to know
  about the picture?”
• Scaffold the process.
• Reading is an active
       process!
Lessons or mini lessons
• Before, During, After (BDA) format
• Reading involves connecting new text
  to that which is already understood.
• BDA strategies are used to get
  students to activate prior
  knowledge, thereby creating a mental
  framework to which new
  text, terms, ideas, etc. can be
  attached.
BDA’s continued
• This mental framework is done before
  reading even begins, strengthened as
  students interact with the text during
  the reading, and reflected upon after
  reading as students incorporate what
  they have just read into their core
  knowledge.
BDA activities             (see attached hand-out for more activities as well as
                                     Rasinski text pp. 168-185)



 Before (pre-reading)           During (reading & rereading)
    • Word splash               • Sticky notes
    • Key words                 • Text rendering
    • Prewrite questions        • Chunking
    • Story impression          • Literature circles
    • Pictures                  • KWL
    • Think-pair-share          After (post reading)
    • KWL chart                 • Jigsaw
                                • Reflection
                                • Think-pair-share
                                • KWL
Balanced Literacy
• Strategy instruction is used in
  Balanced Literacy
  – Process is scaffolded in
     •   Shared reading
     •   Think aloud
     •   Guided reading (minilesson)
     •   Independent reading
Before Reading:            During Reading:           After Reading:
Comprehension                                        Comprehension
strategies                                           strategies:
                               Meaning
•Developing an              making: Does             •Connecting
                           it make sense?
overview of the                                      •Inferring
text                                                 •Evaluating
•Connecting to the                                   •Synthesizing
text                  Structural        Visual
•Asking questions       Cues:           Cues:
•Connecting prior      Does it        Does it look
                     sound right?       right?
knowledge
•Predicting



             Integrating the cueing systems

Contenu connexe

En vedette

Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise
Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise
Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise NoiRr DaRk
 
Making inferences power point
Making inferences power pointMaking inferences power point
Making inferences power pointSharon
 
The language use question classslides
The language use question classslidesThe language use question classslides
The language use question classslidesSharon
 
The quotation question classslides
The quotation question classslidesThe quotation question classslides
The quotation question classslidesSharon
 
Ca#1 Reading Comprehension Strategies
Ca#1   Reading Comprehension StrategiesCa#1   Reading Comprehension Strategies
Ca#1 Reading Comprehension StrategiesMary Dalfo
 
comprehension inferring unspoken details
comprehension inferring unspoken details  comprehension inferring unspoken details
comprehension inferring unspoken details genytuition
 
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own words
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own wordsSec3 english language_comprehension_in your own words
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own wordsAdrian Peeris
 
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)English Comprehension (Inference Qns)
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)Adrian Peeris
 
The use yr own words question classslides
The use yr own words question classslidesThe use yr own words question classslides
The use yr own words question classslidesSharon
 
Reading comprehension strategies presentation pp
Reading comprehension strategies presentation ppReading comprehension strategies presentation pp
Reading comprehension strategies presentation ppPatricia Hutton
 
Literary Devices
Literary DevicesLiterary Devices
Literary DevicesHeather2217
 
Levels of comprehension-LET Review
Levels of comprehension-LET ReviewLevels of comprehension-LET Review
Levels of comprehension-LET Reviewh4976
 
Literature Ii Elements Of Literature
Literature Ii  Elements Of LiteratureLiterature Ii  Elements Of Literature
Literature Ii Elements Of LiteratureXimena Gómez
 
Literary Devices
Literary DevicesLiterary Devices
Literary Devicesnawalnader
 
Summary writing
Summary writingSummary writing
Summary writingSharon
 

En vedette (20)

Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise
Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise
Subject - Verb Agreement + Exercise
 
Making inferences power point
Making inferences power pointMaking inferences power point
Making inferences power point
 
The language use question classslides
The language use question classslidesThe language use question classslides
The language use question classslides
 
The quotation question classslides
The quotation question classslidesThe quotation question classslides
The quotation question classslides
 
Ca#1 Reading Comprehension Strategies
Ca#1   Reading Comprehension StrategiesCa#1   Reading Comprehension Strategies
Ca#1 Reading Comprehension Strategies
 
comprehension inferring unspoken details
comprehension inferring unspoken details  comprehension inferring unspoken details
comprehension inferring unspoken details
 
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own words
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own wordsSec3 english language_comprehension_in your own words
Sec3 english language_comprehension_in your own words
 
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)English Comprehension (Inference Qns)
English Comprehension (Inference Qns)
 
The use yr own words question classslides
The use yr own words question classslidesThe use yr own words question classslides
The use yr own words question classslides
 
Reading comprehension strategies presentation pp
Reading comprehension strategies presentation ppReading comprehension strategies presentation pp
Reading comprehension strategies presentation pp
 
Literary Devices
Literary DevicesLiterary Devices
Literary Devices
 
Reading Strategies
Reading StrategiesReading Strategies
Reading Strategies
 
Levels of comprehension-LET Review
Levels of comprehension-LET ReviewLevels of comprehension-LET Review
Levels of comprehension-LET Review
 
Literary devices
Literary devicesLiterary devices
Literary devices
 
Literature Ii Elements Of Literature
Literature Ii  Elements Of LiteratureLiterature Ii  Elements Of Literature
Literature Ii Elements Of Literature
 
Summary Power Point
Summary Power PointSummary Power Point
Summary Power Point
 
Comprehension
ComprehensionComprehension
Comprehension
 
Literary Devices
Literary DevicesLiterary Devices
Literary Devices
 
Summary writing
Summary writingSummary writing
Summary writing
 
Summary Writing
Summary WritingSummary Writing
Summary Writing
 

Similaire à Comprehension bda

Hypertext Reading
Hypertext Reading Hypertext Reading
Hypertext Reading Kshema Jose
 
Developing a digital literacy framework in your school
Developing a digital literacy framework in your schoolDeveloping a digital literacy framework in your school
Developing a digital literacy framework in your schoolEduwebinar
 
Overview of CxC
Overview of CxCOverview of CxC
Overview of CxClsucxc
 
Making non fiction come alive
Making non fiction come aliveMaking non fiction come alive
Making non fiction come aliveWendy Loewenstein
 
Literacy lesson planning menu
Literacy lesson planning menuLiteracy lesson planning menu
Literacy lesson planning menuJulie Wise
 
Differentiated lesson plan 1
Differentiated lesson plan 1Differentiated lesson plan 1
Differentiated lesson plan 1hheyrman
 
Literate environment analysis presentation
Literate environment analysis presentationLiterate environment analysis presentation
Literate environment analysis presentationhappydaisy
 
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional Development
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional DevelopmentSJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional Development
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional DevelopmentDrDial
 
Power point communication
Power point communicationPower point communication
Power point communicationNanci1
 
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The Esl
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The EslReflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The Esl
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The EslGladys Ledwith
 
REAC3H Summit Science Session
REAC3H Summit Science SessionREAC3H Summit Science Session
REAC3H Summit Science SessionTiffanyNeill
 
Reading comprehension using visual strategies
Reading comprehension using visual strategiesReading comprehension using visual strategies
Reading comprehension using visual strategiesbeemw
 
Development and research
Development and researchDevelopment and research
Development and researchilaeadigital
 
Pedagogical review - Appendices
Pedagogical review - AppendicesPedagogical review - Appendices
Pedagogical review - Appendicesgrainne
 
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational Learning
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational LearningTheories & Theorists of Edcuational Learning
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational LearningJanette Mantz
 
Connecting content and comprehension
Connecting content and comprehensionConnecting content and comprehension
Connecting content and comprehensionDawn Little
 

Similaire à Comprehension bda (20)

Hypertext Reading
Hypertext Reading Hypertext Reading
Hypertext Reading
 
Developing a digital literacy framework in your school
Developing a digital literacy framework in your schoolDeveloping a digital literacy framework in your school
Developing a digital literacy framework in your school
 
Overview of CxC
Overview of CxCOverview of CxC
Overview of CxC
 
Making non fiction come alive
Making non fiction come aliveMaking non fiction come alive
Making non fiction come alive
 
Literacy lesson planning menu
Literacy lesson planning menuLiteracy lesson planning menu
Literacy lesson planning menu
 
Differentiated lesson plan 1
Differentiated lesson plan 1Differentiated lesson plan 1
Differentiated lesson plan 1
 
Gallery Walk
Gallery WalkGallery Walk
Gallery Walk
 
Literate environment analysis presentation
Literate environment analysis presentationLiterate environment analysis presentation
Literate environment analysis presentation
 
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional Development
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional DevelopmentSJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional Development
SJSD Comprehension Strategy Professional Development
 
Literacy Menu
Literacy MenuLiteracy Menu
Literacy Menu
 
Power point communication
Power point communicationPower point communication
Power point communication
 
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The Esl
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The EslReflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The Esl
Reflecting on The Significance Of Reading In The Esl
 
REAC3H Summit Science Session
REAC3H Summit Science SessionREAC3H Summit Science Session
REAC3H Summit Science Session
 
Lw2012yesyoucan
Lw2012yesyoucanLw2012yesyoucan
Lw2012yesyoucan
 
Reading comprehension using visual strategies
Reading comprehension using visual strategiesReading comprehension using visual strategies
Reading comprehension using visual strategies
 
A+ student strategies final
A+ student strategies   finalA+ student strategies   final
A+ student strategies final
 
Development and research
Development and researchDevelopment and research
Development and research
 
Pedagogical review - Appendices
Pedagogical review - AppendicesPedagogical review - Appendices
Pedagogical review - Appendices
 
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational Learning
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational LearningTheories & Theorists of Edcuational Learning
Theories & Theorists of Edcuational Learning
 
Connecting content and comprehension
Connecting content and comprehensionConnecting content and comprehension
Connecting content and comprehension
 

Dernier

How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdfJayanti Pande
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustSavipriya Raghavendra
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSyedNadeemGillANi
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeCeline George
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 

Dernier (20)

How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 

Comprehension bda

  • 2. Overview Reading Comprehension Scaffolding Readers’ Developing Readers’ Development of Skills & Awareness of Story Strategies Structure Active Question-Answer Story Elements Building a Comprehension Relationship Schema for (QAR) Stories Reciprocal Questioning Questions the Author (QtA) Guiding Readers’ Interactions With Texts Directed Reading- KWL Thinking Activity (DR-TA) Discussion Webs Story Impressions Inferential Strategy
  • 3. Comprehension Strategies • Teachers engage students in direct, explicit, researched-based strategy instruction so that students can in turn understand, respond to, question, and even challenge the author’s ideas.
  • 4. • Students use cognitive and metacognitive strategies plus prior knowledge to construct meaning. • “Comprehension refers to the ability to actively construct appropriate meaning from the text.” (Rasinski,Padak, Fawcett, 2010)
  • 5. Active Comprehension • When students ask questions that elicit questions in return, they are involved in active comprehension. • Instead of the teacher asking, “What is the picture about?” the teacher should ask, “What would you like to know about the picture?” • Scaffold the process.
  • 6. • Reading is an active process!
  • 7. Lessons or mini lessons • Before, During, After (BDA) format • Reading involves connecting new text to that which is already understood. • BDA strategies are used to get students to activate prior knowledge, thereby creating a mental framework to which new text, terms, ideas, etc. can be attached.
  • 8. BDA’s continued • This mental framework is done before reading even begins, strengthened as students interact with the text during the reading, and reflected upon after reading as students incorporate what they have just read into their core knowledge.
  • 9. BDA activities (see attached hand-out for more activities as well as Rasinski text pp. 168-185) Before (pre-reading) During (reading & rereading) • Word splash • Sticky notes • Key words • Text rendering • Prewrite questions • Chunking • Story impression • Literature circles • Pictures • KWL • Think-pair-share After (post reading) • KWL chart • Jigsaw • Reflection • Think-pair-share • KWL
  • 10. Balanced Literacy • Strategy instruction is used in Balanced Literacy – Process is scaffolded in • Shared reading • Think aloud • Guided reading (minilesson) • Independent reading
  • 11. Before Reading: During Reading: After Reading: Comprehension Comprehension strategies strategies: Meaning •Developing an making: Does •Connecting it make sense? overview of the •Inferring text •Evaluating •Connecting to the •Synthesizing text Structural Visual •Asking questions Cues: Cues: •Connecting prior Does it Does it look sound right? right? knowledge •Predicting Integrating the cueing systems