German troops invade Poland/TITLE

German troops invade Poland

Benito Mussolini
and Adolf Hitler

Peace treaty that ended World War I
Germany given total blame for World War I

Germany was forced to do four things:
1) Dismantle most of its military
2) Pay for most of the damages done during the war (reparations)
3) Withdraw its military along border between France and Germany
4) Give up territory used to create countries of Poland and Czechoslovakia.

Europe after World War I
Great War
left all
of Europe in
shambles

Great Depression
hit Europe as well

Instability of
Europe led to the
rise of…

Totalitarian state: Government which attempts to control
every aspect of the lives its people; people give blind
loyalty to their leaders
European dictators of the 1930s

Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler
Soviet Russia Fascist Italy Nazi Germany

Nazi rally in Nuremberg Fascist rally in Italy

…then both took total power after they
outlawed other political parties

A Great World Leader?
The world had a different
view of Hitler in 1937

In the four years after Hitler
took power, unemployment
had dropped dramatically,
Germany was in industrial
powerhouse, and they even
hosted the Olympics
Hitler was even chosen
Time magazine‟s Man of
the Year in 1938

Nazi Germany Fascist Italy

Imperialist Japan

Neutrality Act of 1935
Made it illegal for U.S.
businesses to sell
arms to foreign
countries
Neutrality Act of 1937
Required foreign
countries to pay for
U.S. goods with cash
instead of credit and
ship goods
themselves
Leaders in Congress felt it was big business that
drew the U.S. into World War I

Hitler ignores the
Treaty of Versailles
and reoccupies the
Rhineland in 1937
Hitler and the
Germans occupy Poland
Rhineland
Austria in 1938
In 1938, Hitler Czechoslovakia
wants Sudetenland,
Austria
threatens to invade
Czechoslovakia

Leaders of France and Great Britain call for a meeting with
Hitler in an attempt to avoid war. The meeting is called…

Hitler meets with
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlin
and French diplomat
Edouard Daladier in
Munich, Germany
Hitler says the
Sudetenland is his
last desire to complete
“lebensraum”
Neville Chamberlin , Adolf Hitler and Edouard
Daladier

The British and the French give in to Hitler’s demands

Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict
The British and the French
were willing to give Hitler
and the Nazis whatever he
wanted in order to keep
from having to go to war
Chamberlain returns to London
and declares that he has secured
“peace in our time”

Within a year, Hitler claims the rest of Czechoslovakia
Poland is next, leading to…

Germany Invades Poland on September 1, 1939

World War II Begins!!!

BLITZKRIEG
German for “lightning war”

Focused on hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast-
moving tanks and moving troops by mobile transport

THE ALLIES

Great Britain France

Soviet Russia United States

The Fall of France

In 1940, Hitler turns to the West and
conquers France

Germany conquers France

England was the only thing left standing to
keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe

The Battle of Britain
After conquering
Poland and France,
Hitler attempted to
conquer the England

The Battle of Britain was four-month air battle
between the British RAF and the German Luftwaffe
The British won the battle and Hitler and the
Germans gave up on their plan to invade England

Roosevelt revises the
Neutrality Acts

Neutrality Act of 1939 –
U.S. sells Great Britain
warships in exchange
for military bases

Some Americans are
opposed to FDR’s
assistance to Allies

Americans who want
the U.S. to remain
neutral create the… Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt

• Staunchly believed in
isolationism
• Firmly opposed any American
intervention or aid to the Allies

Famous members of AFC

Herbert Hoover Charles Lindbergh

1940 Presidential Election Electoral Votes

Roosevelt becomes FIRST (and ONLY) U.S. President to be elected
more than twice (he is later elected to a fourth term)

Lend-Lease Act passed in 1941
Allowed the U.S to
lend or lease arms to
any country that was
considered vital to
the defense of the
United States

U.S could send
weapons to Great
Britain if Britain
promised to return
or pay rent for them
after the war

Government
goes from a
democracy…

… to a
government
controlled by
the military

Japan needed more
natural resources

Japan takes over part of Manchuria
in Treaty of Versailles

Military conquers rest of Manchuria in 1933

Japan takes
control of Indo-
China, in 1941
Japan wanted
Indochina for its
abundance of
natural resources
U.S. places an oil
embargo on Japan
until it withdraws
from Indochina
Japan sees U.S. as a roadblock to its expansion plans, leading to…

December 7,
1941
Pearl Harbor is the U.S.
naval base in Hawaii
for its Pacific Fleet
• 21 ships damaged or sunk
• 188 planes destroyed
• Over 2,400 killed or injured

USS Arizona on fire and sinking after Japanese attack

On the following day…

FDR calls December 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy.”

Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

The USS Arizona, where 1,177 crewmen died after two direct hits


A Japanese torpedo bomber takes aim at a US ship


The USS Shaw suffers a direct hit


Planes on fire at Hickam Airfield during attack at Pearl Harbor


Japanese airplanes prepare to take off from a Japanese
aircraft carrier


USS West Virginia on fire after the attack

War ends the Depression
America
mobilizes for war
Mobilizing: building a
military, building war
materials in factories,
etc.
Mobilizing the economy
created almost 19
million new jobs and
nearly doubled the
average family’s income

Mobilizing for War
War Production Board
Government agency
that set priorities and
production goals. It also
had the authority to
control the distribution
of raw materials.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Government agency that had the
power to make loans to companies
to help them cover the cost of
converting to war production

War Production ramps up
President Roosevelt declared a
national emergency and
ordered that U.S. factories
build 50,000 warplanes a year

Automobile companies began to
make trucks, jeeps, and tanks.
They also made rifles, mines,
helmets and other pieces of
military equipment

Henry Ford created an assembly line to build B-24 bombers

A segregated U.S. military
African Americans had
separate barracks, mess
halls, and recreational
facilities

Blacks were organized into
their own military units

Numerous military leaders
did not want blacks
fighting in combat because
they did not trust them

Blacks make contributions
Numerous African Americans
made important contributions to
the war effort during World War II

Benjamin O. Davis
First black to reach the
rank of General
Tuskegee Airmen
First all black fighter pilot
squadron in U.S. history

Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans
also made
contributions to
the war effort

A group known as the Navajo
Code Talkers were U.S. Marines
of Native American descent
who used their native language
as code during the war

Bracero
Program Government
introduced program to
help farmers in the
Southwest overcome
the labor shortage

Over 200,000 Mexicans
came to the United States
to help harvest fruits and
vegetables

Contributions of women
Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
First women other
than nurses to serve in
the U.S. Army

WOMEN in the WORKPLACE
Because of wartime labor
shortages, factories are forced to
hire women to do industrial jobs
traditionally reserved for men

“Rosie the Riveter”
Great symbol of the campaign to
hire women
Appeared on posters and in
newspaper ads

Eventually 2.5 million women went
to work in shipyards, aircraft
factories, and other manufacturing
“Rosie the Riveter” poster
plants

Women
Ordinance
Workers (WOW)

Their work permanently
changed American
attitudes about women in
the workplace

BLACKS in the WORKPLACE
A. Philip Randolph
Founder of the Brotherhood
of Sleeping Car Porters –
a major union for African
American railroad workers

Led first organized African
American labor movement

FDR issues Executive Order 8802
Outlawed discrimination in the hiring
of workers in defense industries

Fair Employment Practices Commission
First civil rights agency set up by the
federal government since the 1870s

Shift to the Sunbelt
Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally
considered to stretch across the South and West

Many
Americans
moved to the
South and
West during
the war
The region led the way
in manufacturing and
urbanization in the U.S.

Japanese Internment
Following Japanese
attack on Pearl
Harbor, American
distrust of anyone of
Japanese decent
grew massively

U.S. military rounded up 120,000 people of
Japanese ancestry – 77,000 of which were
U.S. citizens – and put them in places called
internment camps to keep watch on them

Japanese Internment
Japanese were not
allowed to live on
the west coast,
including all of
California

Executive Order 9066
President Roosevelt authorized the internment
Law allowed local military to designate "military areas" as "exclusion
zones", from which "any or all persons may be excluded."

Japanese Internment
Korematsu
v.
United States Fred Korematsu

U.S. Supreme Court
case concerning the
legality of internment
of Japanese
American citizens
Supreme Court ruled
Japanese American that internment was
Fred Korematsu sued legal because it was
saying his rights based on military
were being violated urgency, not race

Rationing begins in America
Government rationed goods
such as sugar, butter, milk,
cheese, eggs, coffee, meat ,
gasoline and canned goods

Ticket for rations of gasoline
Households were given a book of
ration coupons each month. When
they used all their coupons, they
could buy no more items that month.

Rationing led to the growth of…

Victory Gardens
Americans volunteered to plant
gardens to produce more food
People grew their own food so
the troops would have more

Natural resources in short supply
Government
organized scrap
drives for the war
effort.
These materials
included old tires,
metal, paper and
old rags.

Invest in America: Buy War Bonds
To help the war
effort financially,
the government
asked citizens to
buy war bonds

When Americans
bought bonds,
they were loaning
money to the
government

Americans bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds.
Financial institutions bought back about $100 billion dollars worth in
the years following the war.

Propaganda during the war
Propaganda tried to sway public
opinion to support the war effort

Propaganda portrayed
the enemy as someone
who was a threat to you
and your family


These posters addressed the religious differences
between the Nazis and many Americans


This poster reminded Americans of the atrocities that
the Japanese had committed against the U.S.

Loose lips…

…sink ships

Supreme President of the
Commander of United States for
the Allied forces most of World War
in Europe; II; was elected to
planned Allied a third and fourth
invasion of term of office
Europe during the war
Dwight D. Eisenhower Franklin D. Roosevelt

Commander of U.S. general during
the U.S. Army in World War II who
Europe; led the played a large part in
American forces the U.S. victories in
in the Battle of the Italy and North
Bulge; later Africa; nicknamed
Chairman of Joint „Old Blood and Guts‟
Chiefs of Staff
Omar Bradley George S. Patton

U.S. builds up its military
Selective Service and Training Act passed
U.S.
government
starts the draft
Recruits sent to
basic training
for eight weeks
to prepare them
for how to fight
in war
They learned
how to handle
weapons, read
maps and dig
ditches

Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic during
WWII pitted German U-boats
against Allied convoys
By August of 1942, German
submarines had sunk 360
American cargo ships

Because of the heavy losses,
the U.S. set up a convoy
system for its trade ships
Cargo ships traveled in
groups and were escorted
by navy warships

Hitler conquers most of Europe
World War II starts in
1939 when Hitler
invades Poland
Russia
Hitler conquers France England
and the Low Countries Germany
by the Spring of 1940 France

Hitler attempts to
Italy
invade England but
loses Battle of Britain
Hitler turns his attention
to the East and wants to
conquer Soviet Russia
The Axis powers of Germany and Italy controlled much of Europe by 1941

Before taking Poland in 1939, Hitler signs a non-aggression pact with Russia, but in 1941…

Germany invades Russia
Operation Barbarossa
Hitler and the Nazis
break their peace
agreement with Russia
and invade in 1941
Germans move to the
outskirts of Moscow
and Stalingrad by the
end of 1941

When the harsh Russian winter hits, the German
offensive stalled and the Germans were stopped
outside of Moscow and Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad
First major
defeat for the
Germans in
World War II

The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point of the
war on the Eastern Front

Casablanca Conference
Meeting of British Prime
Minister Winston
Churchill and U.S.
President Franklin D.
Roosevelt in1943 in
North Africa

Churchill and Roosevelt
met to discuss plans for
an Allied invasion of
Europe

Leaders agreed that the
first step would be an
invasion of Italy
Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Casablanca

Allies invaded Italy
U.S. General Dwight D.
Eisenhower, called Italy
the “soft underbelly” of
Europe.
The invasion began in
July of 1943.
The defeat of the Germans
in Sicily caused Italy’s king
to arrest Benito Mussolini
and begin negotiating for
Italy’s surrender.

Victory in Italy paves the wave for…

Operation Overlord
The Allied Invasion of Europe

General Dwight D.
Eisenhower was the
chosen to command
the invasion force
Invasion’s purposes:
Free Europe from
German control
Make the Germans
have to fight the
war on two fronts

D-Day
June 6, 1944
The Allied
invasion of Europe
Landings occurred
on the beaches of
Normandy, France

Allies land at five beaches, nicknamed:
Normandy
FRANCE UTAH OMAHA GOLD
JUNO SWORD

D-Day
June 6, 1944
The Allied invasion of Europe

Allies sent in hundreds of ships and thousands
of men in first three days of the attack

The invasion was successful and the
Western Front was born

Battle of
the Bulge
Last major offensive of
World War II by Hitler
and the Germans in the
Ardennes Forest in 1944

Hitler uses his best forces to attack the
Allies in an effort to reach a stalemate
Germans caused a “bulge” in the
Allied lines in an attempt to break
through, but were turned back

Fall of the Third Reich
Following the
Battle of the Bulge,
American forces Germany had
were pouring nothing left to stop
across Germany‟s the Allied forces
Western border
Russian troops
from the East were
entering Berlin in
April, 1945
In April, 1945, Adolf Hitler and his top commanders
committed suicide

V-E Day
Victory in Europe
Day
On May 7, 1945,
the Germans
surrendered
World War II in
Europe was over
U.S. focus shifted
to Japan in the
Pacific Theater

The Holocaust
After the war, the world
discovered that during the
war the Germans had mass
murdered millions of Jews

This attempted genocide
of the Jewish race when
over 6 millions Jews were
killed became known as
the Holocaust

Coming up next:
The War
in the
Pacific

Gen. Douglas MacArthur Adm. Chester Nimitz Harry S. Truman
Commander of the Commander-in- U.S. President at
U.S. Army in the Chief of the the conclusion of
Pacific Theater; United States the war; made the
oversaw Japan‟s Naval Fleet in the decision to drop
surrender on Pacific during the atomic bomb
September 1, 1945 World War II on Japan

Japanese Co-Prosperity Sphere
Japan‟s vision for a New
Great Asia under the slogan
“Asia for Asians.” Western
colonizers were to be
expelled and Japan become
the “liberator” of all Asians

Japan conquered China and
Indo-China to “unite” Asians

Extent of the Japanese Empire (1942) Japanese Rising Sun flag

Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941

USS Arizona on fire during attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

American air raid on Japanese
capital of Tokyo in April of 1942
Raid was planned and led by Lt.
Col. James "Jimmy" Doolittle
B-25 bombers were launched
from a U.S. aircraft carrier

Impact of Doolittle Raid
Gave a massive boost to the
American morale
It showed the Japanese that the U.S.
had the capability to attack their
James Doolittle (second from left) and his crew
mainland at anytime

Philippines falls to Japan
Four months after its
attack on Pearl Harbor,
the Japanese complete
the conquest of the
Philippines

Before evacuating his command center in the
Philippines, American commander Douglas
Macarthur vows “I shall return.”

The Bataan Death March
The Japanese captured
75,000 Allied soldiers after
its victory in the Philippines

The Japanese marched those that
surrendered 60 miles with no
food or water. Over 6,000 died or
were executed on the march.

Following its attack
on Pearl Harbor,
Japan was planning
an invasion of the
U.S.; needed island
of Midway for a base

U.S. broke Japanese
code and knew about
the plan to attack
Midway; U.S. leaders
set a trap

The U.S. Navy “ambushed” the Japanese fleet at Midway, sinking four
of Japan‟s aircraft carriers in a resounding victory for the Americans

Battle of Midway
Battle was the
turning point
of the War in
the Pacific

Japan was on the defensive for
the remainder of the war

“Island hopping” in the Pacific
Following the U.S. victory at the
Battle of Midway, the tide of the
War in the Pacific turned
U.S. went on the offensive and
began taking back islands that
Japan had conquered before 1942

Chang Kai-Shek, FDR, Winston Churchill

U.S. re-captured strategic
islands and by-passed others,
leaving Japanese troops cut off
This strategy was called
“island hopping.”

MacArthur returns to the Philippines
One of the key U.S.
victories in the “island
hopping” strategy was
retaking the Philippines

To take back the
Philippines, the United
States put together a
huge invasion force
In March of 1945,
American troops
finally recaptured the
capital city of Manila

As he had promised nearly three years before, U.S.
Commander Douglas Macarthur had returned

Japanese use kamikazes
Following the Battle of Midway,
Japan was on the defensive

The Japanese began using
an attack tactic known as
“kamikazes”

A Japanese kamikaze about to hit the USS Missouri

Kamikaze was the Japanese
word for “divine wind” and
was a suicide attack.
In a kamikaze attack, a
Japanese pilot would crash
A kamikaze attack hits the USS Essex in 1944 his plane into a U.S. ship

War in Pacific intensifies
As Americans move closer
to Japanese mainland,
each island becomes
tougher to take U.S. Marines raise flag atop
Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima

Japanese soldiers fight
to the death and refuse
to surrender

Thousands of U.S. soldiers die taking islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein wrote a
letter to FDR warning
him of the type of
destruction splitting the
atom could have
Robert Oppenheimer, left, was the director of the Manhattan Project Research convinced
The project to develop the first FDR to begin a program
nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) to build an atomic bomb

Decision to drop the bomb
Person making the decision to use the atomic
bomb is U.S. President Harry Truman
Truman became president after FDR dies
of a brain hemorrhage in early 1945

Harry S. Truman
Reasons Truman
decides to use A-
bomb: 1) Japanese
soldiers were fighting
to the death 2) Japan
would not surrender
Truman talks over plan to drop atomic bomb with his Secretary of War

Atomic bomb dropped on Japan
First atomic bomb was dropped on
Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945
Bomb was called “Little Boy”; plane
dropping bomb was the “Enola Gay”
Three days later, another bomb was
dropped on Japanese city of Nagasaki
(left) A mushroom cloud
rises above Hiroshima after
the bomb exploded (below)
“Little Boy,” the atomic
bomb that was dropped on
Hiroshima (right) Enola Gay
and its pilot Paul Tibbits.

V-J Day: Victory over Japan

The dropping of the
atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki led to the
unconditional
surrender of Japan
on August 15, 1945

The war is over!!

The war is over!!
World War II officially
came to and end on
September 2, 1945

Gen. Macarthur oversees the Japanese surrender
aboard the USS Missouri

Aftermath of World War II
There were four main results of World War II on the world
An estimated 60-80 million people
were killed during the war, over half
of which were civilians

The United States and Soviet Russia
became the “superpowers” of the world

Europe was split in half between the
Democratic West and the Communist East

Creation of United Nations
A last result of World
War II was the creation
of a new world peace-
keeping organization –
the United Nations

The UN was founded to
stop wars between
nations, and to provide a
platform for nations to
discuss differences

Coming up in Unit 8
The
Cold Democracy vs. Communism

War

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