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Electrical Safety in
Construction
 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K – Electrical
Objectives
In this course, we will discuss the following:
Common electrical hazards
Standards relating to those hazards
Electrical equipment defects/hazards
Tools/techniques used in identifying hazards
 1926.400 – Introduction
 1926.402 – Applicability
 1926.403 – General requirements
 1926.404 – Wiring design and protection
 1926.405 – Wiring methods, components, & equipment
 1926.406 – Specific purpose equipment and
installations
 1926.407 – Hazardous (classified) locations
 1926.408 – Special systems
 1926.416, 417, 431, 432, 441 – Safety-related practices
and maintenance
 1926.449 - Definitions
29 CFR 1926 – Subpart K
Common Electrical Hazards
Electric shock/electrocution occurs when current
flows through the body damaging the body.
Electrical burns are caused by arc blast or hot
conductors.
Indirect falls from ladders, scaffolds, or other
walking and working surfaces.
Explosions can be caused when electricity
provides a source of ignition for an explosive
mixture in the atmosphere.
Fires are caused by overloading a circuit or
appliance or by current flowing through
high resistance due to faulty
wiring, setting fire to insulation
and surrounding materials.
Common Electrical Hazards
General Requirements 1926.403(a)
 Electrical equipment must be free from recognized
hazards that can cause death or serious physical
harm to employees
− Suitability for installation
− Mechanical strength and
durability
− Electrical insulation
− Heating effects under
condition of use
− Arcing effects
− Classification by type, size, voltage,
current capacity, specific use
General Requirements 1926.403(b)(1)
Listed, labeled, or
certified equipment
must be installed and
used in accordance
with instructions
included in the listing,
labeling or
certification.
General Requirements 1926.403(b)(2)
Testing Laboratories
Box Not Approved as a Pendant
Equipment shall be
installed and used in
accordance with
instructions.
General Requirements 1926.403(b)(2)
Used in Accordance With Instructions
General Requirements 1926.403(e)
Splices
− Splicing devices suitable for use
− Welding/brazing/soldering
− Mechanically/electrically secure
before soldering
− Covered with insulation
equivalent to that of the
conductors
− Insulating device suitable for
purpose
General Requirements 1926.403(h)
Each service, feeder,
and branch circuit, at
its disconnecting
means or over
current device, shall
be legibly marked to
indicate its purpose.
General Requirements 1926.403(i)
Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50
volts or more shall be guarded against
accidental contact by cabinets or other forms of
enclosures, or by another suitable method.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(a)(2)
Polarity of connections
− No grounded conductor
may be attached to any
terminal or lead so as to
reverse designated
polarity Hot
Ground
Hot
Ground Neutral
Neutral
Reversed Polarity
Correct Polarity
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(b)(1)(i)
 Employer shall use either
ground fault circuit
interrupters, or
 An assured equipment
grounding conductor
program to protect
employees
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3)
Portable generators need not be grounded if:
− Supplies only equipment
mounted on the generator
and/or cord and plug
equipment is plugged into
receptacle mounted on the
generator
− Noncurrent-carrying metal
parts of equipment and
grounding conductor
terminals of the receptacle
are bonded to generator frame
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3)
Vehicle-mounted generators
− The frame of the generator is bonded to
the vehicle frame, and
− Generator supplies only
equipment located on the
vehicle and/or equipment
plugged into the generator,
and…
(cont…)
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3)
− The noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment
and grounding conductor terminals of the
receptacles are bonded to the generator frame,
and
− The system complies with all other provisions of
this section.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(6)
The path to ground from
circuits, equipment,
enclosures must be
permanent and
continuous.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(7)(iv)
Equipment connected by cord and plug
− Noncurrent-carrying metal parts which may
become energized must be grounded
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(7)(iv)
 Equipment connected by cord and plug must be
grounded, if:
− In a hazardous location
− Operated at over 150 V to
ground
» Except guarded motors and
appliances permanently insulated
from ground
− Hand held motor-operated tools
− Equipment used in wet and/or
conductive locations
− Portable hand lamps
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)[I]
Flexible cords and cables must be protected
from damage.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)(J)
Extension cord sets used with portable electric
tools and appliances must be of three-wire type
and must be designed for hard or extra-hard
usage.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1)
Conductors entering boxes, cabinets, or
fittings must be protected from abrasion.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1)
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1)
Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and
fittings must be effectively closed.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(2)
All pull boxes, junction
boxes, and fittings must
be provided with a cover.
If metal covers are used,
they must be grounded.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1)
Flexible cords and
cables must be
suitable for conditions
of use and location.
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1)
Permitted uses of flexible cords and cables
− Pendants
− Fixture wiring
− Portable lamps and
appliances
− Elevators cables, cranes,
and hoists
− Stationary equipment –
− Frequent interchange
− Appliances – to permit removal
for maintenance and repair
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1)(iii)
 Prohibited uses of flexible cords
and cables
− As substitute for fixed wiring of
structure
− Run through holes in walls, ceilings
or floors
− Run through doors, windows or
similar openings
− Attached to building surfaces
− Concealed behind building walls,
ceilings, or floors
Flexible Cord Run Above Ceiling
Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(2)(iv)
Flexible cords shall be
connected to devices and
fittings so that strain relief
is provided.
− Will prevent pull from
being directly transmitted
to joints or terminal screws
Wiring Design and Protection
Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(a)(1)
Employer must not permit an employee to
work in such proximity to any part of an
electric power circuit.
− If employee could
contact the power
circuit, it must be
de-energized or
guarded.
Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(b)(2)
Working spaces, walkways, and similar
locations shall be kept clear of cords so as not
to create a hazard to employees.
Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(e)
Worn or frayed electric
cords must not be
used.
Extension cords shall
not be stapled, hung
from nails or
suspended by wire.
Tools for Identifying Hazards
An electrical receptacle
voltage tester with GFCI
tester.
− Line voltage probes
Summary
In this course, we discussed:
− Common electrical hazards
− Standards relating to those hazards
− Electrical equipment defects/hazards
− Tools/techniques used in identifying hazards
Thank You For Attending!
Final Questions?

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Electrical Safety in Construction by South Carolina State Association

  • 1. Electrical Safety in Construction  29 CFR 1926 Subpart K – Electrical
  • 2. Objectives In this course, we will discuss the following: Common electrical hazards Standards relating to those hazards Electrical equipment defects/hazards Tools/techniques used in identifying hazards
  • 3.  1926.400 – Introduction  1926.402 – Applicability  1926.403 – General requirements  1926.404 – Wiring design and protection  1926.405 – Wiring methods, components, & equipment  1926.406 – Specific purpose equipment and installations  1926.407 – Hazardous (classified) locations  1926.408 – Special systems  1926.416, 417, 431, 432, 441 – Safety-related practices and maintenance  1926.449 - Definitions 29 CFR 1926 – Subpart K
  • 4. Common Electrical Hazards Electric shock/electrocution occurs when current flows through the body damaging the body. Electrical burns are caused by arc blast or hot conductors. Indirect falls from ladders, scaffolds, or other walking and working surfaces.
  • 5. Explosions can be caused when electricity provides a source of ignition for an explosive mixture in the atmosphere. Fires are caused by overloading a circuit or appliance or by current flowing through high resistance due to faulty wiring, setting fire to insulation and surrounding materials. Common Electrical Hazards
  • 7.  Electrical equipment must be free from recognized hazards that can cause death or serious physical harm to employees − Suitability for installation − Mechanical strength and durability − Electrical insulation − Heating effects under condition of use − Arcing effects − Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, specific use General Requirements 1926.403(b)(1)
  • 8. Listed, labeled, or certified equipment must be installed and used in accordance with instructions included in the listing, labeling or certification. General Requirements 1926.403(b)(2)
  • 10. Box Not Approved as a Pendant
  • 11. Equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with instructions. General Requirements 1926.403(b)(2)
  • 12. Used in Accordance With Instructions
  • 13. General Requirements 1926.403(e) Splices − Splicing devices suitable for use − Welding/brazing/soldering − Mechanically/electrically secure before soldering − Covered with insulation equivalent to that of the conductors − Insulating device suitable for purpose
  • 14. General Requirements 1926.403(h) Each service, feeder, and branch circuit, at its disconnecting means or over current device, shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose.
  • 15. General Requirements 1926.403(i) Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by cabinets or other forms of enclosures, or by another suitable method.
  • 16. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(a)(2) Polarity of connections − No grounded conductor may be attached to any terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity Hot Ground Hot Ground Neutral Neutral Reversed Polarity Correct Polarity
  • 17. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(b)(1)(i)  Employer shall use either ground fault circuit interrupters, or  An assured equipment grounding conductor program to protect employees
  • 18. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3) Portable generators need not be grounded if: − Supplies only equipment mounted on the generator and/or cord and plug equipment is plugged into receptacle mounted on the generator − Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment and grounding conductor terminals of the receptacle are bonded to generator frame
  • 19. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3) Vehicle-mounted generators − The frame of the generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, and − Generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle and/or equipment plugged into the generator, and… (cont…)
  • 20. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(3) − The noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment and grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are bonded to the generator frame, and − The system complies with all other provisions of this section.
  • 21. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(6) The path to ground from circuits, equipment, enclosures must be permanent and continuous.
  • 22. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(7)(iv) Equipment connected by cord and plug − Noncurrent-carrying metal parts which may become energized must be grounded
  • 23. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.404(f)(7)(iv)  Equipment connected by cord and plug must be grounded, if: − In a hazardous location − Operated at over 150 V to ground » Except guarded motors and appliances permanently insulated from ground − Hand held motor-operated tools − Equipment used in wet and/or conductive locations − Portable hand lamps
  • 24. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)[I] Flexible cords and cables must be protected from damage.
  • 25. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(a)(2)(ii)(J) Extension cord sets used with portable electric tools and appliances must be of three-wire type and must be designed for hard or extra-hard usage.
  • 26. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1) Conductors entering boxes, cabinets, or fittings must be protected from abrasion.
  • 27. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1)
  • 28. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(1) Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and fittings must be effectively closed.
  • 29. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(b)(2) All pull boxes, junction boxes, and fittings must be provided with a cover. If metal covers are used, they must be grounded.
  • 30. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1) Flexible cords and cables must be suitable for conditions of use and location.
  • 31. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1) Permitted uses of flexible cords and cables − Pendants − Fixture wiring − Portable lamps and appliances − Elevators cables, cranes, and hoists − Stationary equipment – − Frequent interchange − Appliances – to permit removal for maintenance and repair
  • 32. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(1)(iii)  Prohibited uses of flexible cords and cables − As substitute for fixed wiring of structure − Run through holes in walls, ceilings or floors − Run through doors, windows or similar openings − Attached to building surfaces − Concealed behind building walls, ceilings, or floors
  • 33. Flexible Cord Run Above Ceiling
  • 34. Wiring Design and Protection 1926.405(g)(2)(iv) Flexible cords shall be connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided. − Will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws
  • 35. Wiring Design and Protection
  • 36. Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(a)(1) Employer must not permit an employee to work in such proximity to any part of an electric power circuit. − If employee could contact the power circuit, it must be de-energized or guarded.
  • 37. Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(b)(2) Working spaces, walkways, and similar locations shall be kept clear of cords so as not to create a hazard to employees.
  • 38. Safety-Related Work Practices 1926.416(e) Worn or frayed electric cords must not be used. Extension cords shall not be stapled, hung from nails or suspended by wire.
  • 39. Tools for Identifying Hazards An electrical receptacle voltage tester with GFCI tester. − Line voltage probes
  • 40. Summary In this course, we discussed: − Common electrical hazards − Standards relating to those hazards − Electrical equipment defects/hazards − Tools/techniques used in identifying hazards
  • 41. Thank You For Attending! Final Questions?

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. The information in this presentation is provided voluntarily by the N.C. Department of Labor, Education Training and Technical Assistance Bureau as a public service and is made available in good faith. This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. The information and advice provided on this Site and on Linked Sites is to provided solely on the basis that users will be responsible for making their own assessment of the matters discussed herein and are advised to verify all relevant representations, statements, and information. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of North Carolina or for any standards issued by the N.C. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the N.C. Department of Labor.
  2. MS Clip Art
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  4. Photo: OSHA
  5. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  6. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  7. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  8. Logo source: OSHA.gov
  9. Photo source: NCDOL-OSH Division
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  11. Photo source : NCDOL-OSH Division
  12. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  13. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  14. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  15. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  16. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  17. Photo Source: NASA, http://dart.arc.nasa.gov/Rescue/CSRC-1998/PICF0016_JPG.html
  18. Photo Source: OSHA.gov http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hurricane/images/photos/infrastructure-repair/levee05.jpg
  19. Photo Source: OSHA.gov http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hurricane/images/photos/infrastructure-repair/levee05.jpg
  20. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  21. Photo source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  22. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  23. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  24. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  25. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  26. Photo: NCDOL-OSH Division
  27. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  28. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  29. Photo source: OSHA.gov
  30. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  31. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  32. Photo source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  33. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  34. Photo source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  35. Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  36. Photo: OSHA
  37. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  38. Photo Source: NCDOL-OSH Division
  39. MS Clip Art