1. China Resists Outside Influence
Diana Lee, Jay Jeong, Joanna Gong
World History 9G

2. 华
zhōng huá
mín zú

4. 华
zhōng huá

5. 华
zhōng huá

6. 华
zhōng huá
“Heavenly Middle Kingdom”
= Sense of superiority

7. Chinese Perspective
Agricultural economy = Self-sufficient
Foreign crops = productivity & effectiveness
Mining & manufacturing industries = employment
= Little interest in trading with the West

8. Maize, sweet potatoes, peanuts

9. European Perspective
Competition among European powers for resources
Salt, tin, silver, iron
Cultural interaction
Silk, cotton, porcelain

11. Dowager Empress Cixi
Ruler of Qing Dynasty
(1861-1908)
Generally conservative
Supported certain
reforms

12. Sphere of Influence
Area where foreign nations
controlled trade &
investment
Grew stronger and bigger

13. Course
❖ Opium War
❖ Treaty of Nanjing
❖ Taiping Rebellion
❖ Open Door Policy
❖ Boxer Rebellion

14. Opium War
Britain faced trade deficit with China
Opium
China: used for medicinal purposes
Britain: able to supply in quantity
= Effectively negated trade deficit

15. Opium War
War erupts
a) Disregard for opium restrictions
b) Jurisdiction of crimes
China defeated by advanced technology
= Treaty of Nanjing

16. Treaty of Nanjing
Britain’s favor
Possession of Hong Kong
Opening of major ports to British trade
Large indemnity
Extraterritorial rights
= Opium trade more than doubled in 30 years

17. Taiping Rebellion
Organized by Hong Xiuquan (1830s)
Declared Nanjing as capital (1864)
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
Share wealth w/o poverty

18. Taiping Rebellion
Taiping gov. brought down
Internal feud
Qing imperial troops + British + French forces attack
= 20 million deaths

19. Open Door Policy
US felt commercial interests in China being threatened
Proposed China’s doors to be open to European nations & US
= Protected US trading rights
= China’s freedom from colonization

20. Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion: campaign against Dowager Empress’ rule &
foreigner privilege
Peasants resent Chinese Christians & privileges for foreigners
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
= Boxers
Failed but nationalism emerged

21. Problems
Internal External
- Inability to sustain
huge increase in
population
- Opium war
- Food shortage
- Unequal treaties
- Ineffective
government

22. Consequences - China
Shattered false sense of superiority
“Forced open”
Opened Chinese ports
Exposed to capitalism
Intellectuals rethink social & political systems

23. Consequences - Europe
Extraterritorial rights
Exempt from Chinese law
Free trade
Domination of Western culture
Revolve around Eurocentric views