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The Legend of Dr. Faust(us)
         Abhishek Jain
          R. Sumanth
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• 1749 – 1832
• Born in Frankfurt
• Supreme Genius of
  Modern German
  Literature
• Poet, Dramatist, Noveli
  st and Scientist
• Major sources of
  inspiration for
  drama, poetry, Opera
  and even Music!!
Inspired Beethoven!
                                       You’re
“…like an edifice erected by SPIRIT   GAWD!!
hands DRIVES me and exalts me to
WRITE MUSIC. The SECRET of the
HARMONIES is engrafted in it.”


“When your poems reach my
brain, I am filled with pride so
intense that I long to climb the
height of your grandeur….”

                                                C'mon! You’re
                                                   no less.
Weimar Classicism
• From 1772 until 1805
• To establish a new
  humanism by
  synthesizing
  Romantic, classical and
  Enlightenment ideas.
• Goethe and Schiller –
  main figures
                            Weimar’s Courtyard of Muses
Reception of Goethe
• In 19th c. Germany, he was admired for his
  breadth of vision & his liberal ideas
• During Hitler’s time Goethe was appropriated
  as a nationalist, and was used for the Nazi
  propaganda
• In England, he was translated by Thomas
  Carlyle, and impacted the English Romantic
  Age.
A wager with the




                      Thomas Mann
                   -Won NOBEL PRIZE for
                   LITERATURE in 1929
                   -Compared Faust’s Pact
                   with German people’s
                   support to Hitler
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
• 6th Feb 1564- 30th May
  1593.
• He foremost Elizabethan
  Tragedian.
• An English Dramatist
  who is considered to be
  Father of English
  Tragedy.
• Instaurator of Dramatic
  Blank Verse.
• His plays known for their
  overreaching
  Protagonists.
Genre?
TRAGEDY            Seriously!!!

           NOT
          Again!
Main Characters
                 Goethe’s Faust                 Marlowe’s Faustus


                        Gretchen




                                                                    Mephistopheles
                                            Faustus                 • Lucifer’s Servant



                      Faust
Mephistopheles                     Wagner
Faustus               Faust
•   Proud                  • Proud
•   Arrogant               • Arrogant
•   Discontent             • Discontent
•   Lustful                • Suicidal (beginning)
•   Fails to repent till   • Experiences True
    the end                  Love
                           • Realizes his
                             mistakes early on
Mephastophillis
• Goethe
  – Trickster
  – Makes the pact
  – Purely Evil
  – Admires God in the beginning!
• Marlowe
  – Trickster
  – Mediates the pact
  – Gray Shade!
Gretchen
• Archetypal Earthly Female
• Love of Faust
• Corrupted by Faust’s ideologies
57 years
                        1808
    First Part appeared in
    Second Part published in 1833

One of the BEST and most INFLUENTIAL
        German Literature
And the Story goes like this...
Goethe's faust lit and val
After I deal with this
                         one, you’re NEXT!

                                                               Earth is full
                                                                of S#!T!


 Earth is                     May you get
SPLENDID!                     SUN-BURNS!



              Michael




    Gabriel
                        Raphael

                                                                  CUT the
                                                                  CRAP!!


                                                 Mephistopheles – The BADMAN
The Wager   FAUST will be
               MINE




                 We’ll See.
Sounds Familiar?
Somewhere on Earth
• Faust sitting in
  despair
• Longs to live in
  harmony with nature
• Summons a spirit and
  seeks higher
  knowledge
• Spirit refuses to
  share. “Thou'rt like
  the spirit, thou dost   Faust in his study
  comprehend, Not
  me!”
• Faust attempts
Wager Again!!
• Later, a dog interrupts
  Faust in his study.
• Dog transforms into
  MEPHISTOPHELES.
• Mephistopheles makes
  another WAGER – now
  with Faust
• “If e'er upon my
  couch, stretched at my
  ease, I'm found,
  Then may my life that
  instant cease!”
The Devil promises to SERVE
   Faust and to give Faust a
  moment of transcendence, a
MOMENT in which he hopes to
      STAY FOREVER. If
Mephistopheles succeeds, Faust
 must then be his SERVANT for
  the rest of eternity in HELL.
Faust – The BadMan!?!
• Faust goes crazy!
• Tempts his student to
  pursue women.
• Plays tricks on men at
  Auerbach‟s Cellar
• Goes to Witches
  Cave and indulge in
  stupid games.
• Meets Gretchen
  outside the cave!
                           Auerbach’s Cellar
Love at First Sight
•   Faust falls in love with Gretchen, love beyond lust.
•   Faust had complex feelings. He wanted her body too.
•   He corrupts Gretchen and her Christian beliefs.
•   He gives sleeping potion to her mother and they
    consummate their relationship. Mother dies!
•   Gretchen is pregnant.
•   Faust visits her. Her brother Valentine rebukes.
•   They fight and Valentine is killed.
•   Gretchen runs away from Faust, to church. Evil spirits
    secure her damnation.
Walpurgis Night
• Gretchen attends
  Walpurgis Night
• Faust learns that
  Gretchen killed their
  infant
• She was arrested
• Faust curses
  Mephistopheles for
  creating such
  circumstances.
• Faust orders him to help
  him free Gretchen from
  prison.
Rescuing his Love
• Faust sneaks into prison and meets Gretchen
• She has grown mad due to all the suffering and
  doesn‟t recognize him.
• She confuses him with her executioner
• He pleads her to escape with him
• Filled with shame and guilt, she refuses and
  accepts death.
• Gretchen surrenders her soul to GOD
• Faust is left devastated. Even with all the power, he
  could not save her.
PLOT
          • Study of Necromancy (Dark Magic).
Rising
Action
          • Initial Conversation with Mephastophillis.


Climax
          • Sealing the ‘Pact’ with Lucifer.


          • Faustus becomes the Clown among Clowns.
Falling
Action
          • Faustus soul is dragged to hell.
24 Years!?!
• Time passes quickly when you are
  ignorant
• Analogous to cycle of 24 hours
• Tragedy is intensified
Themes
Utopianism and Enlightenment
• Goethe's Faust
   expressed the
   'modern world-
   system coming
   into being.„ –
   Utopia
 • He wanted to create a social world in
    which persons were liberated from
    tradition and could experience the
    wonders which he did.
Science and Spirituality
• Humanity would eventually perfect itself
  through the advancement of knowledge and
  technology – Technological Utopianism.
  Goethe REJECTED this!
• Evident from the peom‟s beginning - Faust
  attempts to perfect himself through learning
  and science, yet he finds that at the end of
  his intellectual journey, he has destroyed his
  faith and his reason to live.
• EXISTENTIAL CRISIS!!
Is Rationality Enough? - Modernism
• Rational thought alone can never perfect
  or complete humanity, Goethe
  argues, because human knowledge has
  fundamental limits when it comes to the
  spiritual world.
• Humanity would only have the question of
  whether life should be continued or simply
  ended.
Whether life is worth more than
 the peace that death offers?
Fate and Free Will
• Salvation through Constant Striving
• Goethe’s suggests that humans are free to err
  and that error, in fact, is inevitable for one
  who strives towards salvation.


               In short, Goethe
                   advocated
                  FREE WILL!
Is SOMEONE really watching over us?

• If humanity cannot adequately name
  God, does God actually exist for
  humanity?

• Faust‟s own subjective experience of this
  problem destroys his faith and leads him
  to an extreme nihilism and the verge of
  suicide at the play‟s beginning.
Morally ambivalent libertine!
• Modern rationalism destroys the need for
  religion or social constraints, then this
  creates a moral vacuum in the human
  condition.
• Faust destroys Gretchen's faith and moral
  support through his own moral
  ambivalence.
• Such a condition can only lead to
  tragedy, just as it does for both Faust and
  Gretchen.
“If god did not
  exist, everything is
  permitted”- Dostoevsky
Power corrupts
• Once Faust(us) actually gains the
  practically limitless power that he so
  desires his horizons seem to narrow.
• He indulges into petty tricks and somehow
  finds happiness in it.
• The border between good and bad blurrs.
Conflict between Renaissance and
          Medieval Values
Renaissance                Medieval

• Emphasis on individual   • God was center of
  classical learning         existence
• Secularism took center   • THEOLOGY was queen
  stage                      of sciences
THANK YOU

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Goethe's faust lit and val

  • 1. The Legend of Dr. Faust(us) Abhishek Jain R. Sumanth
  • 2. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe • 1749 – 1832 • Born in Frankfurt • Supreme Genius of Modern German Literature • Poet, Dramatist, Noveli st and Scientist • Major sources of inspiration for drama, poetry, Opera and even Music!!
  • 3. Inspired Beethoven! You’re “…like an edifice erected by SPIRIT GAWD!! hands DRIVES me and exalts me to WRITE MUSIC. The SECRET of the HARMONIES is engrafted in it.” “When your poems reach my brain, I am filled with pride so intense that I long to climb the height of your grandeur….” C'mon! You’re no less.
  • 4. Weimar Classicism • From 1772 until 1805 • To establish a new humanism by synthesizing Romantic, classical and Enlightenment ideas. • Goethe and Schiller – main figures Weimar’s Courtyard of Muses
  • 5. Reception of Goethe • In 19th c. Germany, he was admired for his breadth of vision & his liberal ideas • During Hitler’s time Goethe was appropriated as a nationalist, and was used for the Nazi propaganda • In England, he was translated by Thomas Carlyle, and impacted the English Romantic Age.
  • 6. A wager with the Thomas Mann -Won NOBEL PRIZE for LITERATURE in 1929 -Compared Faust’s Pact with German people’s support to Hitler
  • 7. CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE • 6th Feb 1564- 30th May 1593. • He foremost Elizabethan Tragedian. • An English Dramatist who is considered to be Father of English Tragedy. • Instaurator of Dramatic Blank Verse. • His plays known for their overreaching Protagonists.
  • 9. TRAGEDY Seriously!!! NOT Again!
  • 10. Main Characters Goethe’s Faust Marlowe’s Faustus Gretchen Mephistopheles Faustus • Lucifer’s Servant Faust Mephistopheles Wagner
  • 11. Faustus Faust • Proud • Proud • Arrogant • Arrogant • Discontent • Discontent • Lustful • Suicidal (beginning) • Fails to repent till • Experiences True the end Love • Realizes his mistakes early on
  • 12. Mephastophillis • Goethe – Trickster – Makes the pact – Purely Evil – Admires God in the beginning! • Marlowe – Trickster – Mediates the pact – Gray Shade!
  • 13. Gretchen • Archetypal Earthly Female • Love of Faust • Corrupted by Faust’s ideologies
  • 14. 57 years 1808 First Part appeared in Second Part published in 1833 One of the BEST and most INFLUENTIAL German Literature
  • 15. And the Story goes like this...
  • 17. After I deal with this one, you’re NEXT! Earth is full of S#!T! Earth is May you get SPLENDID! SUN-BURNS! Michael Gabriel Raphael CUT the CRAP!! Mephistopheles – The BADMAN
  • 18. The Wager FAUST will be MINE We’ll See.
  • 20. Somewhere on Earth • Faust sitting in despair • Longs to live in harmony with nature • Summons a spirit and seeks higher knowledge • Spirit refuses to share. “Thou'rt like the spirit, thou dost Faust in his study comprehend, Not me!” • Faust attempts
  • 21. Wager Again!! • Later, a dog interrupts Faust in his study. • Dog transforms into MEPHISTOPHELES. • Mephistopheles makes another WAGER – now with Faust • “If e'er upon my couch, stretched at my ease, I'm found, Then may my life that instant cease!”
  • 22. The Devil promises to SERVE Faust and to give Faust a moment of transcendence, a MOMENT in which he hopes to STAY FOREVER. If Mephistopheles succeeds, Faust must then be his SERVANT for the rest of eternity in HELL.
  • 23. Faust – The BadMan!?! • Faust goes crazy! • Tempts his student to pursue women. • Plays tricks on men at Auerbach‟s Cellar • Goes to Witches Cave and indulge in stupid games. • Meets Gretchen outside the cave! Auerbach’s Cellar
  • 24. Love at First Sight • Faust falls in love with Gretchen, love beyond lust. • Faust had complex feelings. He wanted her body too. • He corrupts Gretchen and her Christian beliefs. • He gives sleeping potion to her mother and they consummate their relationship. Mother dies! • Gretchen is pregnant. • Faust visits her. Her brother Valentine rebukes. • They fight and Valentine is killed. • Gretchen runs away from Faust, to church. Evil spirits secure her damnation.
  • 25. Walpurgis Night • Gretchen attends Walpurgis Night • Faust learns that Gretchen killed their infant • She was arrested • Faust curses Mephistopheles for creating such circumstances. • Faust orders him to help him free Gretchen from prison.
  • 26. Rescuing his Love • Faust sneaks into prison and meets Gretchen • She has grown mad due to all the suffering and doesn‟t recognize him. • She confuses him with her executioner • He pleads her to escape with him • Filled with shame and guilt, she refuses and accepts death. • Gretchen surrenders her soul to GOD • Faust is left devastated. Even with all the power, he could not save her.
  • 27. PLOT • Study of Necromancy (Dark Magic). Rising Action • Initial Conversation with Mephastophillis. Climax • Sealing the ‘Pact’ with Lucifer. • Faustus becomes the Clown among Clowns. Falling Action • Faustus soul is dragged to hell.
  • 28. 24 Years!?! • Time passes quickly when you are ignorant • Analogous to cycle of 24 hours • Tragedy is intensified
  • 30. Utopianism and Enlightenment • Goethe's Faust expressed the 'modern world- system coming into being.„ – Utopia • He wanted to create a social world in which persons were liberated from tradition and could experience the wonders which he did.
  • 31. Science and Spirituality • Humanity would eventually perfect itself through the advancement of knowledge and technology – Technological Utopianism. Goethe REJECTED this! • Evident from the peom‟s beginning - Faust attempts to perfect himself through learning and science, yet he finds that at the end of his intellectual journey, he has destroyed his faith and his reason to live. • EXISTENTIAL CRISIS!!
  • 32. Is Rationality Enough? - Modernism • Rational thought alone can never perfect or complete humanity, Goethe argues, because human knowledge has fundamental limits when it comes to the spiritual world. • Humanity would only have the question of whether life should be continued or simply ended.
  • 33. Whether life is worth more than the peace that death offers?
  • 34. Fate and Free Will • Salvation through Constant Striving • Goethe’s suggests that humans are free to err and that error, in fact, is inevitable for one who strives towards salvation. In short, Goethe advocated FREE WILL!
  • 35. Is SOMEONE really watching over us? • If humanity cannot adequately name God, does God actually exist for humanity? • Faust‟s own subjective experience of this problem destroys his faith and leads him to an extreme nihilism and the verge of suicide at the play‟s beginning.
  • 36. Morally ambivalent libertine! • Modern rationalism destroys the need for religion or social constraints, then this creates a moral vacuum in the human condition. • Faust destroys Gretchen's faith and moral support through his own moral ambivalence. • Such a condition can only lead to tragedy, just as it does for both Faust and Gretchen.
  • 37. “If god did not exist, everything is permitted”- Dostoevsky
  • 38. Power corrupts • Once Faust(us) actually gains the practically limitless power that he so desires his horizons seem to narrow. • He indulges into petty tricks and somehow finds happiness in it. • The border between good and bad blurrs.
  • 39. Conflict between Renaissance and Medieval Values Renaissance Medieval • Emphasis on individual • God was center of classical learning existence • Secularism took center • THEOLOGY was queen stage of sciences

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Source: German Quarterly  Vol. 22, No. 4, Nov., 1949  
  2. Thomas Mann wrote a novel "Dr Faustus" which compares Faust’s pact with the devil to the way the German people supported Hitler.
  3. Each angel represents a particular cyclical process of the earth (Gabriel) ,the sun(Raphael), night and day, and the power and calm of weather (Michael).