Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications

Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies
Enabling Terabit Optical Communications
Daniel J. Ruebusch
Product Manager
Oscilloscope Products Division
Comunicações Opticas 2013
CpQD - Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
May 26, 2013

Introduction
Toward Terabit Optical Communications
Ever increasing demand for data
Laying new fiber is expensive
Parallelism is expensive for long haul communicationsParallelism is expensive for long haul communications
additional optical transponder hardware required for each
parallel subcarrier
The challenge: Higher data rates on fewer subcarriers

Enabling Optical Comms Breakthroughs!
First ever Dual-Carrier 1 Tb/s optical signal
80 Gbaud, PDM-16QAM WDM transmission over 3200 km
1.28 Tb/s nominal data rate
1.049 Tb/s after forward error correction
Agilent
90000
Q-Series
Agilent
90000
Q-Series
G. Raybon, P.J. Winzer, et al. “1-Tb/s Dual-Carrier 80-Gbaud PDM-16QAM WDM Transmission at 5.2 b/s/Hz over
3200 km,” Proceedings of: Photonics Conference (IPC), 2012 IEEE

Real-Time Oscilloscope Block Diagram
Digitize signal: 8
bits typical, up
to 160 GSa/s
Scale large
input voltages to
within operating
range of scope
Amplify/attenuate
signal to match
dynamic range of
ADC
Monitor signal
for trigger
events
Circular memory
buffer, DSP

Agilent’s HB2B Process Platform
InP DHBT Technology
InAlGaAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT
Fabricated on InP wafer
MBE growth of III-V films
1 um
emitter
base
collector
Ft = 200 GHz
BVceo = 7 V

InP DHBT Energy Band Diagram
• High frequencies
• Reduced E-B junction
recombination, reduces noise,
especially approaching DC
• Improved DC current gain.
http://nanoscale.mntl.illinois.edu/Publicatio
ns/publications/SSE_v50_p902_2006.pdf

BVceo versus Ft for Bipolar Technologies
BVceo(Volts)
UM
InP DHBT
InP SHBT & GaAs
HB2A
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Ft (GHz)
BVceo(Volts)
NTT
Velocium
Lucent
SFU (Agilent)
HB2B
HRL
TRW
NTTSi &SiGe
HB2A
IBMHitachiIBM •
Conexant
GCS
AG100
A
imag
em
não…

InP DHBT Chipset in High Bandwidth
Oscilloscopes
SamplerTriggers
Scope front end
• Pre-amp
• Triggers
• Sampler
5-Chip Module
Pre-amps
High bandwidth
probe amps

5-chip Module Packaging
Lower Quick
Film layer
Au center conductor
Upper Quick Film layer
Lid
IC
Wire bond
Au ground plane
AlN
Au ground plane
AlN
Heat spreader
Microcircuit cross-section
Agilent proprietary Quick Film: thick film insulator processing technology
AlN substrate for thermal performance
Packaging optimized for low loss, high bandwidth analog signal transmission

Quasi-Coax Transmission Lines on AlN
Au ground plane
Lower Quick Film layer
Au fine-line center conductorUpper Quick Film layer
AlN
Heat spreader
Routing high speed analog signals between InP chips in 5-chip module

Die Cavities and Signal Paths
Pre-amp SamplerPre-amp Sampler
Quasi-coax routing
differential sample
clock to sampler chip

5-Chip Module Drives 80 GSa/s ADC
Diagram shows interleaving of 80 250 MSa/s
slices to create 20 GSa/s A/D
4 x 20 GSa/s A/Ds interleaved to achieve 80
GSa/s sample rate
Years of expertise in massively parallel
interleaved A/D converters to achieve ultra-high
sample rates
Others have turned to this approach in recent
years as the best method to achieve ultra-high
sample rates

Agilent’s Ultra-high Sample Rate A/D Converter

Advanced Techniques: RealEdge Technology
Agilent’s RealEdge technology
enables signal acquisition at 160
GSa/s and 63 GHz of real time
bandwidth.
High bandwidth and sample rate
without a signal integrity penalty.
Expertise in microwave
technology enables a higher
performance, lower noise, and
highly integrated system
architecture.
Approaches the ideal!

Advanced Techniques: Sine wave calibration
Typically, the penalty for massively parallel A/Ds is interleaving spurs and
reduced SFDR
Agilent has dramatically reduced this problem using a new sine wave
calibration technique for high bandwidth oscilloscopes
>12 dB improvement in SFDR
Agilent’s
InfiniiView
offline analysis
and
collaboration
Before
SFDR
= 37 dBc
After
SFDR
= 49 dBc
collaboration
software

Agilent’s 90000 Q-series Oscilloscope
Real-time Bandwidth: 4 channels @ 33 GHz, 2 channels @ 63 GHz
Differentiating Technology…Differentiating Technology…
InP
Chipset
Calibration ICCalibration IC
Trigger ICTrigger IC
ADC AmpADC Amp
Input PreampInput Preamp
Sampling DeMuxSampling DeMux
Probe AmpProbe Amp
5-chip Module
Acquisition Board
Differentiating Technology…
• High bandwidth InP chipset
in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process”
• Proprietary epitaxial material
• Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules
Enables Differentiating Performance…
• Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz
• Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity
Differentiating Technology…
• High bandwidth InP chipset
in Agilent’s proprietary “HB2B Process”
• Proprietary epitaxial material
• Packaged in Agilent’s proprietary “QuickFilm” modules
Enables Differentiating Performance…
• Analog bandwidth to 63 GHz
• Industry leading low-noise and superior signal integrity
RealEdge
Technology

Acquire time-synchronized data on multiple channels across multiple
oscilloscopes simultaneously
Using Agilent’s Tango software, you can tie multiple
90000 Q-Series oscilloscopes together
Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps
Inter-Scope Deskew for Expanded Channel Density
Inter-scope skew of less than 0.5 ps

Conclusion
The challenges of developing terabit optical
communications demand extreme ADC performance,
found in real-time oscilloscopes.
State-of-the-art oscilloscope technologies and
performance enable breakthroughs in opticalperformance enable breakthroughs in optical
communications research

Agilent’s Oscilloscope Portfolio
Real-time Bandwidth from 50 MHz to 63 GHz
10,60%
3,50%2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
Oscilloscope Market Growth
Source: Prime Data (2002-2010) CAGR*
0,00%
Agilent Oscilloscope Market
Handheld
U1600B
USB
U2700
2000X
DSO/MSO
3000X
DSO/MSO
6000A
DSO/MSO
4000X
DSO/MSO
9000A
DSO/MSO
90000A
DSO/DSA
90000X
DSO/DSA
90000Q
DSO/DSA
InfiniiVision Series Infiniium SeriesEntry

Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes
9000A Series
600 MHz – 4 GHz
90000Q Series
20 GHz – 63 GHz
90000X Series
13 GHz – 33 GHz
90000A Series
2.5 GHz – 13 GHz
• 4 channels of up to 33
GHz
2 channels of up to 63
GHz
• Mixed signal
oscilloscope models
available
• Low noise/jitter
• 40 GSa/s on 4
• 4 channels @ 16 GHz,
2 channels of up to 33
GHz
GHz
• 160 GSa/s on
RealEdge channels,
80 GSa/s on 33 GHz
channels
• Industry’s lowest noise
• 75 fs jitter floor
• 15.4” display
• InfiniiMax III probing
(up to 30 GHz)
• 20 Gsa/s on 2
channels, 10 Gsa/s
on 4 channels
• Industry leading
update rate in its
class
• 12 bit High Res
Mode
• 15.4” display
• InfiniiMax I/II probing
channels
• Fast data offload
through PCIe
Interconnect (N4866A)
• 1 Mpts max memory
depth per channel
• 12.1” display
• InfiniiMax I/II probing
• 80 GSa/s on 2
channels, 40 GSa/s on
4 channels
• Industry’s lowest noise
• 150 fs jitter floor
• 12.1” display
• InfiniiMax III probing
(up to 30 GHz)

InfiniiVisionInfiniiVision 40004000 XX--SeriesSeries ScopesScopes
The OscilloscopeThe Oscilloscope ExperienceExperience
RedefinedRedefined
Experience theExperience the UsabilityUsability
Experience theExperience the SpeedSpeed
••1,000,000 wfm/s1,000,000 wfm/s
••MegaMegaZoomZoom IVIV smart memorysmart memory
••200 MHz200 MHz -- 1.5 GHz bandwidth1.5 GHz bandwidth
No otherNo other sscopecope ccanan ttouch itouch it.. But youBut you ccan.an.
••InfiniiScan Zone touch triggerInfiniiScan Zone touch trigger
••Designed for touch interfaceDesigned for touch interface
(12.1in)(12.1in)Experience theExperience the IntegrationIntegration
••55--inin--1 instrument now with:1 instrument now with:
••DualDual--channel AWGchannel AWG
••USB serialUSB serial analysisanalysis
••Fully upgradableFully upgradable

Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics
Research
• Industry’s Best Signal Integrity
• Up to 63 GHz Bandwidth
• High Channel Density
• Calibration Edge Generation
• Infiniium 9000 H Series - 12 bit, High Resolution Real-time Oscilloscope
• Fast Data Offload• Fast Data Offload
• Offline Analysis and Documentation with InfiniiView
• Frequency Domain Analysis
• Matlab Integration / User Defined Function
• Measurement Automation – User Defined Application
• Industry’s Deepest Memory Depth
• Segmented Memory

Benefits of Agilent Oscilloscopes to Advanced
Physics Research
Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity
– Benefit: Acquire accurate data and minimize your scope‘s impact on
your acquisitions/measurements
Lowest Noise
Lowest Jitter
Highest ENOB
Best SFDR

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Industry‘s Best Signal Integrity (continued ...)
Lowest Noise
Consistently getting
low jitter
measurements,
even as memory
depths increase is
the long term jitter.
Lowest Jitter
Highest ENOB
Best SFDR
the long term jitter.
Notice that the
90000 X-Series
(blue) has
SIGNIFICANTLY
better long term jitter
than the LeCroy
WaveMaster 8Zi
Agilent Q-Series: 75 fs jitter floor
Agilent X-Series: 150 fs jitter floor
LeCroy 8Zi: LeCroy specs a jitter measurement floor of 125 fs; however,
due to their noise they only can achieve this at the very fastest rise time
settings.. Typically they will be > 300 fs.

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Lowest Noise
6,5
7
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)
Lowest Jitter
Highest ENOB
Best SFDR
4
4,5
5
5,5
6
6,5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
DSO91604
DSO92004
DSO92504
DSO93304
91304A

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Lowest Noise
Lowest Jitter
Highest ENOB
Best SFDR

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Up to 63 GHz of Bandwidth
– Benefit: Capture extremely fast signals
Capture rise times as fast as 5
ps and data rates as fast as 120
Gbit/s
Ensures you do not miss
valuable harmonic content
Purchase lower BW models now
to match your budget and then
upgrade to a higher BW at a later
date (all scope families have BW
upgrades available)

High Channel Density – 90008A Series
– Benefit: Minimize rack space by having eight channels housed within
one oscilloscope frame
Houses eight 40 GSa/s ADCs and two CPUs in a 7U high package
Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models
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Available in 8, 12, or 13 GHz models
Certified with Citrix Corporation
for full operation without hard drive

N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator
– Benefit: Make step response measurements and calibrate
measurement systems and equipment to > 63GHz bandwidth
World’s fastest pulse generator with sub-7 ps fall times and sub-9 ps rise
times.
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Fully differential on 2 RF outputs. Access the rising edge and
corresponding falling edge simultaneously for differential step response
measurements.

N2806A Calibration Pulse Generator (continued...)
– Benefit: Calibrate and correct for cable/fixture insertion loss up to 63
GHz with Agilent‘s PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit (N2807A)
N2807A Kit includes the N2806A calibration pulse generator
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Characterization
and Correction toand Correction to
63 GHz Saves S21
of tested
cable or
device
N2806A included in N2807A
PrecisionProbe Advanced Kit

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Infiniium 9000 H Series – 12 bits of resolution
– Benefit: 3x less noise, 16x more resolution to view/analyze small
signals and fine details
See Your Signals in HD
See this …..…
instead of this

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Front-end
Noise
Signal (DUT)
Hypersampling / Linear Noise Reduction
“Hypersamples” (up to 16X per group)
HW-based linear averaging of each group
Scope
display
Store to acquisition memory
Scope stores group average to memory

Fast Data Offload
– Benefit: Many researchers want to acquire data with their scope and
then offload it as fast as possible for post-acquisition analysis/viewing
Agilent recently developed new data offload optimization software to
significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data
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significantly increase the speed at which our scopes offload data
(example on next slide)
To further enhance the speed of data offload, a removable SSD is
available

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Fast Data Offload (continued...)
Example Using the New Optimization
Software and a SSD
Setup: 20 GSa/s, 1 kpts of memory, 4
channels simultaneously coming from
a photodiode of an optical reciever.
SSD installed and new data offload
200
250
LeCroy 6Zi
SSD installed and new data offload
optimization program used.
Results: Achieved average of 1000
acquisitions in 4-5 seconds with peak
at 450-500 Hz
This average is 4-5 times faster than
leading competitor
0
50
100
150
acquisitions/sec
Agilent 90000 X-
Series
Agilent 90000 X-
Series with SSD
and data offload
optimization

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Fast Data Offload (continued...)
N4866A PCIe High Speed Interconnect
Available for 90000A and 90000 X-Series
oscilloscopes
Up to 96 MB/sec transfer rateUp to 96 MB/sec transfer rate
Fiber optic cabling up to 10 meters
As low as 1.4 µs latency

Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView
– Benefit: View/analyze data offline on your PC/laptop and easily
document waveforms using InfiniiView software
Easily share data between colleagues – send them your waveform and
InfiniiView license
Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the
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Bookmarks and annotations can be pinned to certain locations on the
waveform so others can see your comments and analysis
Free up the scope for data collection while you analyze offline

Collaboration and Documentation – N8900A InfiniiView
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Frequency Domain Analysis – VSA Software
– Benefit: Analyze signals in the frequency domain to extract additional
information.
Some FFT capabilities are available natively on the scope / InfiniiView
89601B VSA (Vector Signal Analzer) software provides more advanced FFT
analysis capabilities
– Measure and analyze signal’s
frequency, time, and modulationfrequency, time, and modulation
characteristics
– Capture and play back signals
– Arbitrary arrangement, sizing, and
measurement assignment of unlimited
simultaneous displays, each with
unlimited markers
– Quantify spectral performance with
high-resolution FFT-based
measurements and a rich set of
markers.

Matlab Integration
– Benefit: After acquiring data with the scope and offloading it, use
Matlab to seamlessly analyze/visualize the data
Matlab can be fully integrated
with Agilent oscilloscopes
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• Use MATLAB to configure and control the
oscilloscope.
• Acquire oscilloscope data directly into the
MATLAB environment.
• Interactively analyze and visualize the data
to gain insight into your design or test
Matlab support from both
Agilent and The Mathworks

Matlab Integration (continued...) – User Defined Function
Do you want to add custom math functions to the Math menu on your
Infiniium Oscilloscope?
Agilent and MathWorks teamed
up to create a custom development
environment using Infiniium
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environment using Infiniium
oscilloscopes and MATLAB to
address unique and special
measurement needs

Measurement Automation – N5467A User Defined Application
– Benefit: Automate scope measurements and create custom test reports
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Automate any measurement on your Infiniium
real-time oscilloscope
Generate your own customized GUI and test
reports with minimal effort
Ability to control other Agilent instruments,
external applications such as MATLAB, and/or
your DUT software.
Create a script from VBA or C# and then
execute it into the UDA application. This allows
you to add customizable consoles.

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Industry‘s Deepest Memory
– Benefits: Acquire more data per acquisition (time span captured =
memory depth x 1/sample rate), maintain faster sample rate and
effective bandwidth as timebase is slowed, and get better
measurement/analysis results when needed.
Agilent
Scope Model
Standard Memory
Depth
Maximum Memory
Depth
Competitor’s
Maximum MemoryScope Model Depth Depth Maximum Memory
Depth
90000 Q-
Series
DSO models: 20 MPts
DSA models: 50 Mpts
2 Gpts 1 Gpts
90000 X-
Series
DSO models: 20 MPts
DSA models: 50 Mpts
2 Gpts 768 Mpts
90000 A-
Series
DSO models: 20 MPts
DSA models: 50 Mpts
1 Gpts 768 Mpts
9000 Series 20 MPts 500 Mpts 64 Mpts

Segmented Memory
– Benefit: Useful acquisition mode for bursts/pulses that have events of
interest separated by long periods of dead time.
Scope’s memory is divided into segments. When trigger event occurs,
the scope captures the data for the first segment and stops once the first
segment’s memory is filled. Then the scope waits for the next trigger
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event and repeats for subsequent segments.
Capture only the portion of the waveform that is of interest. Sample at a
very high sample rate.

Segmented Memory (continued...)
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Navigation controls
to step throughto step through
each segment after
acquisition

Oscilloscopes Presentation Outline
• Recent Agilent Oscilloscope Technology Advancements
• Agilent Infiniium Series Oscilloscope Portfolio
• Benefits of Agilent Scopes to Advanced Physics Research
• Case Studies / Applications

Capturing Pulses Inside an Accelerator Ring
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany)
Wanted to capture pulses inside their
accelerator ring in order to improve
detectors
Had been searching for a solution for a
while. Finally, with the 63 GHz Q-Series,
they were able to accomplish their goal
– capture the ~7.7 ps edge.
Peer-Reviewed Article on Results:
“Real-time Measurement of Picosecond
THz Pulses by an Ultra-Fast
YBa2Cu3O7-d Detection System” P.
Thoma, A. Scheuring, M Hofherr, W.
Wunsch, K. Il’in; Appl. Phys. Lett. 101,
142601 (2012).

Precise high velocity measurements using doppler shifted light
Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)
Use array of lasers and detectors to
digitize doppler shifted light 3D time
evolution of event velocities
Need oscilloscopes with enough
bandwidth to measure velocities >20
km/s (~1.3GHz required per km/s)
Requires deep memory, low noise, and
high ENOB to enable time and
frequency division multiplexing
Many publications, such as: “Photonic doppler
velocimetry in shock physics experiments,” P.
Mercier, J. Benier, A. Azzolina, J.M. Lagrange and
D. Partouche, J. Phys. IV France, vol. 134, 805-812,
August 2006

Hot Plasma Temperature Measurements
Improve measurement of spatial distribution of temperature by
characterizing Thompson scattering
A powerful diagnostic method to measure the temperature of hot plasma in
applications such as Tokamak reactors is to scatter electromagnetic radiation
from the plasma.
This method is attractive because it does not disturb the process in the reactor
and can also determine detailed information about the distribution function of
electrons and ions in the plasma.electrons and ions in the plasma.
Value Proposition – What do these researchers care
about and how can Agilent oscilloscopes help?
• High signal integrity / high fidelity measurements
• High channel density
• > 4 synchronized channels
• Fast data transfer

90000 Q-Series Scope and N2806A Pulse Generator to Calibrate and
Align Measurement System
Measurement System Calibration
Extend oscilloscope calibration out to
the end of cables and fixtures to
measure your critical signals at their
source
Remove loss and phase distortions in
your measurement systemyour measurement system
Perform high bandwidth single ended or
differential step response measurements
De-skew multiple signal paths for
accurately time-aligned measurements

Positioning Various Solutions
Infiniium Oscilloscopes
250 MHz to 63 GHz
Additional front-end flexibility
Built-in Apps
Probing
BW
Agilent M9703A Digitizers
Lower Bandwidth (1GHz)
Higher Resolution (12 bits)
Optimized for viewing
and analysis on the instrument
Optimized for
fast offload speeds
BW

Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications

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Advanced Oscilloscope Technologies enabling Terabit Optical Communications