Presented at the Basin Focal Project Fisheries Workshop at Cali, Colombia, Feb 2008

1. Enhancing benefits from aquatic
ecosystems: Nakambe sub-basin
Case study
BFP Fisheries Workshop
February 6-7, 2008
F. Gichuki and D. Coulibaly
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

2. Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Basin system, sub-systems and their interactions
• Nakambe basin overview
• External drivers
• Basin changes and impacts on aquatic ecosystems and
livelihoods
• Analytical tools
• Management interventions
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

3. Basin system and sub-systems
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Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

4. Basin processes, aquatic ecosystems and livelihoods
Aquatic ecosystems
goods and services and
their livelihood outcomes
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

5. Integrated basin management
Erosion
Water and other
material flows
Source: MEA, 2005
Effects on livelihoods & Conservation
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

6. Water cycle and ecosystems Direct impacts on the
atmospheric ecosystem
Indirect impacts on
“blue” water marine ecosystems
Indirect impacts on
“green” water terrestrial ecosystems
Atmospheric ecosystems
indirect impacts on
atmospheric ecosystem
(through evapo-
transpiration cycle)
Indirect impacts on
aquatic ecosystems
Terrestr ial
ecosystems
Direct impacts on
terrestrial ecosystem
Direct impacts on Indirect impacts on
Indirect impacts Indirect impacts
aquatic ecosystems terrestrial ecosystem
on atmospheric on aquatic
ecosystem ecosystem
Indirect impacts on
coastal marine
ecosystem
Indirect impacts
Aquatic ecosystems on subterranean
Coastal ecosystems
marine
Indirect impacts
ecosystems on aquatic
ecosystem
Direct impacts on
coastal marine Subterranean ecosys tems
Indirect impacts
ecosystem
on terrestrial
Indirect impacts ecosystems
on coastal marine Direct impacts on
Indirect impacts on
ecosystems subterranean ecosystems
aquatic ecosystems
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

7. Basin overview
•Area – 40,836 km2
•climate – Unimodal rainfall
•Landform – Gentle slope
Ouahigouya
250
200
150
100
50
0
Ouagadougou
250
200
150
100
50
0
November
December
March
June
September
O ctober
January
February
May
July
April
August
Po
250
200
150
100
50
0
November
December
March
June
September
O ctober
January
February
May
July
April
August
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

8. External drivers of change
1976
2,0
1978
1994
1980
1992
1998
1,5
2003
2001
2005
• Rainfall variability
1999
1988
2000
1,0
1979
0,5
0,0
1986
1982
1993
-0,5
1977
1989
1997
1983
1996
1987
1995
1981
-1,0
1991
1985
2002
2004
-1,5
1990
-2,0
1984
-2,5
• Demand for aquatic good and services
– Population growth
– Urbanization
– Increase in fish consumption
• Trade
– Local, national and international
• Contribution of basin to national economy
– Population, agriculture, hydropower and industry
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

9. Basin change and their impacts
• Land use change
• Water storage
• Hydrology
• Aquatic ecosystems
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

10. Basin change and their impacts
•Aquatic ecosystems
Area in hectares
1990 2005
Type of aquatic
ecosystem 4 months 8 months 12 months 4 months 8 months 12 months
Rivers and
floodplains 380 275 150 380 215 123
Lakes and
seasonal
swamps 4400 2650 1800 4150 2450 1300
Reservoirs 25000 17800 9500 38000 24800 21500
Irrigation canals
and fields 2300 1500 890 3300 2240 1800
Wastewater
lagoons 45 43 41 62 58 55
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

11. Basin change and their impacts
•Increased number of
small reservoirs
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

12. Basin change and their impacts
•Longitudinal analysis
of small reservoir
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

13. Analytical tools
• Mapping aquatic ecosystems and assessing water
storage dynamics
• Modelling hydrologic impacts (SWAT)
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

14. Management Interventions
Management issues for a range of small water bodies
in Burkina Faso (de Graaf & Waltermath 2003).
Large (20-700 ha) Medium (5-20 ha) Small (1-5 ha)
Management & ownership by Management & ownership by Management & ownership by
more than one village only one village one (extended) family group
People view management as the Local management is possible Distribution of benefits
business of the government in cases where legal framework regulated locally through
exists traditional mechanisms
Difficult to obtain exclusive Exclusive access can be Access rights are normally
access for local management organized exclusive to the family group
entities.
Impact of investments in Impacts of investments are Impacts of investments obvious
management are difficult to relatively easy to monitor to owners
monitor
Inequitable distribution of Benefits more equitably Benefits distributed according
benefits among stakeholders distributed among stakeholders to family norms
Management generally not Can be sustainable if developed Highly sustainable
sustainable outside of a project under a proper legal
context. framework
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

15. Enabling conditions
Stakeholders commitment, management capacity enhanced, cost and benefit sharing
Behavioral change of actors and their institutions to enhance productivity, achieve pro-poor
growth and protect the environment equitably and sustainably
Management Interventions
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being

16. Thanking you for your attention
Enhancing basin level water productivity to achieve sustainable improvements in human and ecological well-being