2. Synthesis of basic polymers
it depends on the type of plastic we want to obtain.
we have to mix some components with a specific types of
quantities.
When they are mixed together
the composition has to take some processes in order to have the
specific property we where looking for.
Some processes are:
Polymerization Polycondensation or polyaddition
3. additives
•Are the chemical products added in the polymer to have some specific
properties
4. types of additives: Dyes or pigments
just give it color
They are no the same
Dyed are dissoluble in water
Pigments no
5. • Improve the plasticity and intensify the shine on the surface.
Plasticider podwer
6. Antistatic agents
An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or
their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static
electricity so that dust and dirt do not stick
The plastic balls have these agents
Lower part of the shoes
7. Fireproof or fire-retardant agents
• Delay the formation of flames. A fire retardant is a substance that
reduces flammability of fuels or delays their combustion
8. UV stabilizers
•Protect it from UV radiations and atmospheric phenomena.
Also prevent decomposition to protect the substance from
the long-term UV degradation effects from ultraviolet
radiation.
•Used in:
•Cosmetics
•Sun umbrellas
•greenhoues
9. Fillers, reinforcements, and lubricants
Improve the mechanical properties and facilitate the manufacturing
process.
Filler
Fillers are particles added to material to lower the consumption of
more expensive binder material or to better some properties of the
mixtured material
Reinforcements
Fibre-reinforced plastic is a composite material
11. Injection molding
Injection Molding is the process of forcing melted plastic in to
a mold cavity.
• Once the plastic has cooled, the part can be ejected.
• Injection molding is often used in mass-production and
prototyping.
•Injection molding is a relatively new way to manufacture
parts.
•The first injection molding machines were built in the 1930's.
12.
13. Foam molding
This method is used to make packaging, thermal and acoustic
insulation, mattresses, pillows, and sponges.
This method makes it form a solid, spongy mass and expands to fill the
complete volume of the mold.
This process eliminates the steps required for die-cutting and
compression molding,
14.
15. Vacuum forming
• Vacuum forming is a simplified version of thermoforming
• whereby a sheet of plastic is heated to a forming temperature,
stretched onto a single-surface mold, and forced against the mold by
a vacuum
16. The steps of
how it is
formed
The diferent
phrases
This skull have
been formed by
vacuum
forming
17. Calandering
• Calendering is the process similar to sandwiching, as it sandwich or
calender the thin and sharp steel wires between the two thin layers
of rubber sheet
• This method is also used to make plastic tablecloths, plastic wrap,
and plastic sheets.
18. This is how it is
used
The paper of the pills
are made up by
calandering
These coins
are made up
by theses
processes
