18. Diagnostic Approach Hypernatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Renal losses Osmotic and loop diuretics Post obstruction Extrarenal Losses Sweating Burns Diarrhea Urine Na >20 Urine Na <10
19. Diagnostic Approach Hypernatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Renal Losses Nephrogenic DI Central DI Extrarenal Losses Respiratory and Dermal Incensible Losses Urine Na = Variable Urine Na = Variable
32. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal U K <20 Renal loss U K >20 Metabolic acidosis Diarrhea GI fistulas Laxative abuse Normal Acid-Base Profuse sweating Laxative abuse Gastric fistula Previous vomiting
33. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Hypertensive High Plasma Renin Malignant HPN Renovascular HPN Renin secreting tumors Low Plasma Renin Primary Aldosteronism Cushing’s Syndrome Adrenal hyperplasia
34. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Normotensive Metabolic Alkalosis U Cl <10 Vomiting U Cl >10 Diuretics Mg Depletion Barter syndrome Gittleman syndrome
35. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Normotensive Metabolic acidosis Normal Anion Gap RTA Increase Anion Gap Diabetic Ketoacidosis Ethylene Glycol