1. þ
¾
ý
ÓÒ ÚÐ Ú ÖÔÓÓк
ºÙ
Ä Ú ÖÔÓÓÐ ÍÒ Ú Ö× ØÝ
¹ ¾¼¼

2. ´Ö
Ø Ú ×Ý×Ø Ñ×µ
þ
¸ ¸ ¸ ººº
¸ ¸
Ò× ¸ ¸
þ ¸

3. þ þ

4. þ þ
»
º
¸ ¸ ¸
ººº
ü

5. ü »
º
º
º
º
þ
º

6. ü »
º
º
º
º
þ
º

7. ¸

8. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, E , T , q0 , L)
L1
Q
S1 S2 E
L1
L1 L2 T ⊆ Q×E × Q
L1
S4 S3 q0
L : Q → Prop
L2

9. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

10. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

11. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

12. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

13. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

14. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

15. ´ØÖ Ò× Ø ÓÒ ×Ý×Ø Ñµ
(Q, T , q0 , L)
S1 S2
Q
T ⊆Q ×Q
q0
S4 S3 L : Q → Prop

16. Prop = {On, Fault}
Q = {1, 2, 3} press
2
q0 = 1 1
~On On press
T = {(1, press, 2), ~Fault ~Fault
(2, press, 1),
press
(2, press, 3),
(1, repair , 1)} repair
L = {1 → {} ~On
Fault
2 → {On} 3
3 → {Fault}}

17. ¸
þ
´ µ
´
µ

18. S1 = (Q1 , E1 , T1 , q0,1 , L1 ) S2 = (Q2 , E2 , T2 , q0,2 , L2 )
S1 × S2 = (Q, E , T , q0 , L)
Q = Q1 × Q2
E = (E1 ∪ {−}) × (E2 ∪ {−})
T =
′ ′ i = 1, 2 ei =′ −′ qi′ = qi
((q1 , q2 ), (e1 , e2 ), (q1 , q2 ))
ei = −′ (qi , ei , qi′ ) ∈ Ti
′
q0 = (q0,1 , q0,2 )
L((q1 , q2 )) = L1 (q2 ) ∪ L2 (q2 )
′
−′

19. S1 = (Q1 , E1 , T1 , q0,1 , L1 ) S2 = (Q2 , E2 , T2 , q0,2 , L2 )
X ⊆ (E1 ∪ {−}) × (E2 ∪ {−})
S1 × S2 = (Q, E , T , q0 , L)
Q = Q1 × Q2
E = (E1 ∪ {−}) × (E2 ∪ {−})
T =
(e1 , e2 ) ∈ X i = 1, 2 ei =′ −′
′ ′
((q1 , q2 ), (e1 , e2 ), (q1 , q2 )) qi′ = qi ei = −′ (qi , ei , qi′ ) ∈
′
Ti
q0 = (q0,1 , q0,2 )
L((q1 , q2 )) = L1 (q2 ) ∪ L2 (q2 )

20. repair repair
Zero One Two
A B C
þ ·
X = {(press, −), (repair , repair )}
(press,-) (press,-) (repair,repair)
(3,A)
(1,A) (2,A) (press,-)
(press,-)
(1,B) …
(press,-)

21. þ 3 ¸ ´
³−³µ
¿ ¸ ¾ ´ ³−³µ
3×3=9 ¸ 4×2 =8

22. v := 0
v := v + 1
¸
Òظ Ó Ø¸º º º
(PC= 1, 0)
v= (PC= 1, 1)
v= (PC= 1, 143)
v=
……………….
v: 0
= v: 0
= v: 0
=
(PC= 2,v= 0)
(PC= 2,v= 1)
v: v+ 1
=
(PC= 3,v= 1) …..

23. ½¼ Û Ð ÌÖÙ Ó
½½ Û Ø ´ØÙÖÒ ¼µ
½¾ ØÙÖÒ ½
½¿ Ò Û Ð
||
turn ¾¼ Û Ð ÌÖÙ Ó
¾½ Û Ø ´ØÙÖÒ ½µ
¾¾ ØÙÖÒ ¼
¾¿ Ò Û Ð

24. t=0 t=1
10,20 10,20
t=0 t=0 t=1 t=1
10,21 11,20 10,21 11,20
t=0 t=0 t=1 t=1
11,21 12,20 10,22 11,21
t=0 t=1
12,21 11,22

25. ´½µ
¸
´ µ
ÈÖÓ
×× ÈÖÓ
××
x := x + y ; y := y + x;
x = 2¸ y = 3
x y
ÈÖÓ
×× ÈÖÓ
××
Ö½¸ Ö¾ Ö¾¸ Ö½
þ
Ü Ö½ ¸ Ý Ö¾
Ü Ö½ ¸ Ý Ö¾

26. ´¾µ
ÈÖÓ
×× ÈÖÓ
××
x := x + y ; y := y + x;
x = 2¸ y = 3
x y
ÈÖÓ
×× ÈÖÓ
××
ÐÓ Ö½¸ ѽ ÐÓ Ö¾¸ Ѿ
Ö½¸ Ѿ Ö¾¸ ѽ
×ØÓÖ Ö½¸ ѽ ×ØÓÖ Ö¾¸ Ѿ
þ
Ü Ñ½ ¸ Ý Ñ¾ ¸ Ö½ ¸ Ö¾
Ü Ñ½ ¸ Ý Ñ¾ ¸ Ö½ ¸ Ö¾
Ü Ñ½ ¸ Ý Ñ¾ ¸ Ö½ ¸ Ö¾

27. ü
´ µ
ü

28. t=0 t=1
10,20 10,20
t=0 t=0 t=1 t=1
10,21 11,20 10,21 11,20
t=0 t=0 t=1 t=1
11,21 12,20 10,22 11,21
t=0 t=1
12,21 11,22
¸ È ½ ½¾ È ¾ ¾¾

29. A
B C G
(Q, E , T , q0 , L)
q ¸
q0 D F
Ê
(S) = {q|q S}
E

30. ü
(Q, E , T , q0 , L)
P ⊆Q
ÈÖ (P) = {q ∈ Q | ∃p ∈ P, ∃e ∈ E : (q, e, p) ∈ T }
ÈÓ×Ø(P) = {q ∈ Q | ∃p ∈ P, ∃e ∈ E : (p, e, q) ∈ T }
¸ press
2
1
~On On press
ÈÖ ({1, 2}) = {1, 2, 3}
~Fault ~Fault
press
ÈÓ×Ø({2}) = {1, 3} repair
~On
Fault
3

31. ü
new ¸
þ S
new ¸
þ Ê
(S)
new ← {q0 }
R ← {}
Û Ð new = {} Ó
n
q new ¸ q
m new
q∈R Ø Ò
/
O(n + m) q R
ÈÓ×Ø(q) new
Ò
Ò Û Ð
Ö ØÙÖÒ R

32. ü
ü ¸ ¸
¸
ÈÖ (P)º
¸
¸ ø

33. þ ÄÌÄ
ÆÙËÅÎ