2. Presentation Lay out
Introduction
Weather services
Monitoring Services
Forecasting Services
Warning Services
Modernizing Weather Services
Capacity building
Network upgradation
Forecast Development Projects
Public Weather Services
Challenges
Conclusion
3. This Mandate is in tune with
the objectives of the World
l Se
ca
gi s & ve
Meteorological Organization
lo n re and is echoed in the
oroati o st
e v a
wa w
rn ea Mandates of several
et er ec ing
M bs INDIA M T OR OGICAL ther
r E E OL
National Meteorological
O Fo services
DE ART E
P M NT
Ear
thqu Studi
ices l
Serv ogica
ake es
atol
&S
Clim
esi m
MANDATE
i ci ty
Research
4. North Region
East Region
North East Region
Central Region
West Region
South Region
National Weather
Forecasting Centre
at New Delhi
Regional Centres
Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati,
Nagpur, Mumbai, Chennai
Pune Centre for Research
/Training and surface
instrumentation
9. IMD’s Forecast Spectrum
Public Weather Local Forecast and nowcast
Short, medium and extended range Forecast
Long Range Forecast of Monsoon
Tropical Cyclone Forecast & Warnings
Warnings related to all other Natural Disasters
Climate Forecast services
Sea State Forecast -Shipping & Fisheries
Coastal Zone Forecasts
Forecasts to Aviation
Forecasts for Agriculture - Agro-advisory Services,
Crop-Yield forecast
Flood & Drought Forecasts
Customized Forecasts to different Sectors- Power,
Tourism, Defense, Adventure, Road/Railway transports, Public
Utility, VIP functions, Strategic operations, Space, etc
11. Major Services to different Sectors
Cyclone Warning Flood Meteorological
Warning
Strong Winds
Very Heavy Rainfall Monitoring of rain storm
over catchment areas
Storm Surge
Aerial averaging
Coastal Inundation
Hydrological Agro Meteorological
Management Advisory
Maintenance of Crop Management
Reservoir Levels Advisories
Design of Pest & Disease Advisories
Hydrological Projects District Level
Meteorological Forecast
Fisheries Navigational
Warning Advisory
Adverse weather Adverse Weather
Sea state Sea State
(Coastal) (High Seas)
12. Major Services to different Sectors
Aviation Heavy Rainfall &
Meteorological Fog Forecast
Forecast
Route & Terminal Safety of culverts &
Aerodrome forecast bridges
Weather hazards
warning Driver’s visibility
Flight Planning
information
Environmental Mountain
Monitoring Meteorological
Environmental Forecast
clearances for industries Cloud burst
etc
Flash floods
Aerosol, Acid rain,
Snow & Avalanche
Ozone, Atmospheric
radiation
Earthquake Storm Surge
Detection Warning
Location & Magnitude Storm Surge
Seismic Zonation / Astronomical tide
Microzonation Coastal bathymetry
Seismic risk effects
Assessment
13. Major Services to different Sectors
Meteorological Meteorological
Services for Services to
Defence Mountaineers
Troop & logistic
movements Warning for hazardous
Upper air observations weather en-route
Meteorological Meteorological
Services to Services for
Antarctic Spacecraft
Expeditions Launching
Comprehensive Identification of favorable
weather services time window for launching
Meteorological Positional Astronomy
Services for Astronomical ephemeris
Pilgrimage Indian calendar & Rashtriya
Panchang
Amarnath Yatra, Eclipses & Astronomical
Kumbha mela etc phenomena
14. Spatial and Temporal domains of Forecast
Nowcasting for next 6-12 hours
(Venue/ location specific)
Short Range for next 72 hours
(Location/District/ State/Met Sub-division)
Medium Range for next 3-7 days
(District)
Extended range for 10-15 days
(Met Subdivision/State/ Homogeneous regions)
Long range for month/season
(Homogeneous regions/country)
15. Two Stage LRF System for SW
Monsoon Rainfall
April June
All India Update for All All India
June – September India July , Aug,
Rainfall June – September Sep Rainfall
Rainfall
Efforts are on to make monthly
and seasonal forecast at Met-
subdivision/ State level June –
September
LRF for North East Monsoon Rainfall for Four
Rain and winter precipitation Homogeneous
also prepared Regions
16.
17. Monthly Probability Forecast
1) NCEP CFS coupled model forecast / 60 ensemble members used.
2) Monthly Probability of Tmax, Tmin and Rainfall for next month
18.
19. Weekly anomaly of Maximum and Minimum
1) Generated on Friday with validity from Mon-Sun, & Mon-Sun
2) Based on ocean- atmosphere coupled models forecast from other
centres
21. Short Range Forecasts
State/Met Subdivision level from
HQ
(District/Location specific) from
RMC/MC
Issued 4 times
General weather for 3 days with
2 days outlook
Rainfall/Snowfall, Temperature
(cold/Heat wave Thunderstorms,
Squall, Hailstorm, Fog/Frost,
Cyclone forecasting Track,
intensity, Landfall, point ( severe
weather warnings )
22. 100 city forecast
• Local forecast for 100
cities all over India has
been introduced during
2009
• Local forecast is issued 4
times a day
• Forecasts are available in
IMD’s web site
• Forecasts are provided
to All India Radio, Door
Darshan and local press
• Extreme weather and
climatological
informations for these
cities are also available
in IMD’s website
26. F improving the quality of Weather Forecasting Systemto be
or IMD’s Operational service four segments need
strengthened
Observations Communication Analyses & Forecasting Dissemination
Surface Observations
Central / State Govt/ Media/ Public
Manned (559) +
Automatic (550+1350) Delhi
Stations
Data-flow at Three Hourly
Northern
Intervals on 24x7 Mode Hemispheric
Upper-Air Analysis Centre State
Observations Level
Pune
(62 PB stations + 39 Regional Weather Central
Met.
RS/RW)
Telecom Centres
Aircraft Reports IMD, Delhi
Hub (RTH)
LAFS NWP
Ship Reports forecasts Airport
Ocean Buoys data Met.
Data ported to
(Deployed by Dept. of NCMRWF for Offices
Ocean Development) medium range
weather forecasts
Satellite
Observations
Sat. Met Division, IMD Regional Centres – 6
(Deployed by Department of
Space) Cyclone Warning
Centres - 6
Radar
Global Networks
Data
27. Modernisation programme of IMD
1. Forecasting and PWS
2. Satellite products
3. Doppler Weather Radars (56) Phase I Phase II
4. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) 550 400
5. Automatic Rain gauges (ARG) 1350 2000
6. Airport Modernization
7. Real Time Communication
8. High power computing system
9. Location specific forecast and now-casting
30. HPCS and NWP
- new vistas in NWP
14 Tf
750
processors
Global Model 45 km Upto 7 days
Regional Model 27 km/ Upto 3 days
bigger domain 9 km
Regional Model 3 km 6-24 hrs
local domain
32. Programme for improving forecast skills
Improvement in forecast accuracy for
high impact weather phenomena is of
paramount importance in disaster
warning
Areas of concern
Monsoon
Cyclonic storms
Thunderstorms
Fog
Heavy rainfall
33. Doppler Weather Radars
Phase I : 2008-10 Phase II : 2011-12
Doppler Weather Radars
Phase I – 12+2
Mumbai
Goa
Nagpur
Delhi
Lucknow
Patna
Bhopal
Nagpur
Mohanbari
Agartala
Paradeep
Karaikal
Phase II - 42
34. Immediate Short-range Forecasting
Strategy at RMC and MC in IMD
RMC-MC:
Very high-resolution (~3km) double nest
operational model forecast generation for 2
days
Strom scale model with ~ 1km resolution for
24 hours forecast
3 hourly cycle for specific event
Assimilation of region specific special
observations e.g. DWR
35. Modernisation of Forecasting System :
Synergie
Global plotting Conditional plotting Profile
Gauges
Plane trajectories
36. Modernization of PWS system
PWS system provides a automatic way to:
• Design the product
• Generate the product
• Disseminate the product
• It will help to deliver automatically the tailor-
made meteorological products and services at
the right time and in the right format as per
requirement of variety of end-users.
37. Multi Hazard
Warning System
• Thundersquall with
heavy rain over Assam ,
Meghalaya, Arunachal
Pradesh & NMMT
• Moderate thundersquall
over West Bengal , Bihar
Jharkhand, Chattisgarh
and Orissa .
• Isolated dust-storm over
Rajasthan.
41. AGROMET ADVISOY SERVICE
23 State Agromet Service Centre
in collaboration with SAUs
Agro-advisory preparation -
Monday & Thursday
Composite Agro-advisory
preparation- Tuesday & Friday
Dissemination- AIR,
Doordarshan, Print media,
Website
42. Agro-Meteorological Field Units (AMFUs)
130 units co-located with SAUs & ICAR
institutes
Prepare district specific agro-
advisory bulletins (Tuesday & Friday)
Nodal Officer + Advisory Board
Zonal Composite bulletin preparation
Crop Weather Models
Advisory Dissemination
Feedback
Economic Impact Assessment
Annual Review Meetings
Awareness & user interaction
43. District Level Agro-Met Advisory Service System
IMD
PREPARATION OF DISTRICT
Agro-climate level WISE MEDIUM RANGE
agro-met data WEATHER FORECAST
BY STATE MET CENTRE
130 AG.MET. FIELD UNITS
PREPARATION OF District-wise
DISTRICT SPECIFIC Agro-met data
AGRO-ADVISORIES
FOR CONCERNED
AGRO-CLIMATIC
DISTRICT LEVEL AGENCIES
(DAO/KVK/ATMA/NGOs) DISSEMINATION OF
DISTRICT LEVEL
Feedback analysis AGRO-ADVISORIES
FARMERS
(THROUGH MEDIA AGENCIES,
IT SERVICE, PERSONAL CONTACT)
44. District Level Agro-Met Advisory Service System
TIER 1
Apex Policy Planning
Body
TIER 2
National Agro Met
Service HQ (Execution)
TIER 3
State Agro Met Centres~28
coordination/monitoring
TIER 4
AMFUs
Agro Climatic Zone Level ~ Drivers of Integration-
127 Need for Crop specific
TIER 5
District Level Extension & District Level Advisory
Training and Village Level Outreach.
Input management as advisory
45. Flow Chart for Preparation & Utilization of district
level forecast for Agro-met Advisory
Cen t r al St at e Agr om et
For ecast i n g Advisor y Ser vice Agr o- m et eor ological
Of f ice ( NHAC) Field Unit s
Unit s
& Nat i on al Recei v e di st r ict l ev el
Ag r om et • Pr epar e d ist r ict level f or ecast f r om t h e St at e
Adv i sor y w eat her f or ecast and Agr o m et Adv isor y Ser v i ce
Com m un icat e t he sam e
Cent r e t o AMFUs Uni t f or pr ear at i on of
Ver if y locat ion specif i c di st r i ct l ev el ag r o
Provide Basic Data and w eat her f or ecast as w el l adv i sor i es.
as p r ovide f eed b ack t o
district level forecast of NW P gr oups.
all the relevant
meteorological
parameters (rainfall,
temperature, humidity,
wind, sunshine etc.)
46. IMD Multi-model Ensemble (MME) based
District level Forecasts
Parameters:
Rainfall
Max and Min temperature
Total cloud cover
Surface Relative humidity
Surface Wind
47. Multimodel Super Ensemble Technique
Step-1 Generation of Multi-Analysis Weights
NCEP JMA ECMWF NCMRWF UKMO
Observed Gridded Field
Weight for each grid of each Model (W)
48. Generation of Multi-model Forecasts
Step-2
NCEP JMA ECMWF NCMRWF UKMO
Forecast (F)= WiFi + D
D= Value addition
49.
50. Operational communication linkage between Agromet Advisory Service
Unit and end-users (farmers) for effective communication
Forecast from IMD, New Delhi
State Met Centres
Agromet Advisory Bulletin by
AMFUs
State Agril. Dept.
SMS on
mobile Personal Contact
Postal Contact
Farmer KVK
Television
Radio News Papers
51. Avoid
pesticide
application to
the crops in
Bhatinda,
Patiala,
Jalandhar
and Ropar.
Postpone
fertilizer
application
at Gurdaspur
and Patiala
due to
excess
rainfall.
52. Status of district bulletins
539 District Level Agromet advisory bulletins are being prepared
and uploaded in the website of Agrimet Division
(http://imdagrimet.gov.in)
State Name Total State Name Total
Andaman and Nicobar 1 Madhya Pradesh 50
Andhra Pradesh 23 Maharashtra 31
Arunachal Pradesh 13 Manipur 9
Assam 23 Meghalaya 7
Bihar 28 Mizoram 8
Chhattisgarh 15 Nagaland 8
Delhi 1 Orissa 17
Gujarat 25 Punjab 17
Haryana 28 Rajasthan 32
Himachal Pradesh 12 Tamil Nadu 29
Jammu and Kashmir 12 Tripura 4
Jharkhand 24 Uttar Pradesh 63
Karnataka 22 Uttarakhand 6
Kerala 14 West Bengal 17
52
53. Drought Monitoring
• Monitoring Meteorological drought.
• Preparation of Drought Climatology
• Delineation and identification of Drought Prone areas
Monitoring Agricultural drought conditions during SW and
NE monsoon seasons by preparing aridity anomaly maps.
58. 1. Mass Mode of Dissemination
- All India radio
- Television
- Print Media
2. Outreach at Village level
- Ministry of IT Internet based Village Connectivity
- Web Pages: IMD, SAUs, ICAR Web Pages
- Mobile Phones (SMS & IVRS)
3. Human face for advisory dissemination
- KVK (ICAR): Training + interaction
- DAO (SDA): Coordinate Farm inputs with Line Function
Dept. in rhythm of weather forecast
- NGOs & other intermediary groups
- Awareness Programme
59. Dissemination through Mobile
Ongoing projects of dissemination
- Reuter Market Light (RML)
- Handygo
- Vritti Solutions
- IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Limited (IKSL)
- MahaAgri
- Directly by AMFUs
Proposed projects of dissemination
- Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
- Common Service Centre (CSC)
- NABARD
- NOKIA
60. Dissemination of AAS through AIR,TV and Newspapers
State AIR Doordarshan Newspaper
Andhra Pradesh Anantapur Radio station ATP Channel. Eenadu,Vaartha,Sakshi,Andhrajyothi,
Duration of 10 minutes Andhra prabha and Andhra bhoomi under
Frequency of broadcast: 107.1MHZ different headings viz., Vatavaranam-
Vyavasayasalahalu Rythulaku vatavarana
suchanalu, salahalu. Vatavarana
samacharam rythulaku suchanalu.
Assam All India Radio, Jorhat Doordarshan Kendra, Dibrugarh., 1 hr Asamiya Khabar
All India Radio, Dibrugarh, 5 min, It utilized the AAB in formulating agricultural Amar Asom
The AABs have been regularly broadcast in regional capsules in their regular programmes on Twice a week (Wed & Saturday)
language at 6.15 pm on every Wednesday and Friday. agriculture from January, 2002 at 6.25-7.30 Ajir Paharidoot b ) Solangdo (both in
AIR,Nagaon pm. Assamese)
Arunachal Pradesh AIR Tezu (6.05 pm-6.30 pm)-25 minutes daily List of TV station with duration and ArunachalTimes Newspaper,
AIR Tawang (6.05 pm-6.30 pm)-25 minutes frequency of telecast of DAAS bulletin-
AIR Ziro (6.05 pm-6.30 pm)-25 minutes Doordarshan
AIR Pasighat (6.05 pm-6.30 pm)-25 minutes Kendra, Itanagar
AIR Itanagar (6.05 pm-6.30 pm)-25 minutes, daily in
Farm & Home Section at MW : 444.4 mt 675 KHz
Chattisgarh AIR Jagdalpur. DAAS bulletin being broadcast in Kisan Krishi Darshan programme on Thursday 5:40 Highwat Channel, Dainik Bhaskar Press,
Wadi programme as per coverage everyday except on PM on Bastar coverage through transmitter. Hari Bhoomi Press, Dandkarnaya press,
Sunday (7:21-8:00) PM Doodarshan Raipur Nav Bharat Press, Nai Duniyam Amrit
AIR, Raipur Sandesh, etc. Dainik Swadesh (All Raipur)
Navgharat (Bilaspur) Nayee Duniya -
(Bhilai),
Gujarat Rajkot - Kesari, Divya Bhashkar, Sandesh, Gujarat
Samachar, Phool Chhab, Akilla etc. Kesari
publish the bulletins regularly and paper
publish them occasionally.
Haryana AIR Hisar once in a week Kisan vani programme DD Hisar Once in a week Kissan programme 1.Nabhchhor
b) 91.2 FM Community Radio station CCS Haryana and some time telecast in local news. 2.PunjabKeshri
agricultural University Hisar on twice in a week Sity Hulchal: Local cable channel , Extreme 3.DainikTribune
10minutes. weather events and weather information 4.DainikBhaskar
AIR Rohtak once in a week Kisan Vani programme telecast in twice in a week 5.DainikJagran
6.AmarUjala
7. Haribhumi
Himachal AIR SHIMLA : DDK SHIMLA : On Every Tuesday in KISAN AMAR UJALA, DIVYA HIMACHAL, APKA
Pradesh On Every Tuesday in 'KRISHI JAGAT Program' at 7:32- JAGAT program at 5:00-5:02pm FAISLA, DENIK JAGARN, PUNJAB
7:34 pm and On Next day again in 'Sunehrey Kirney As special report as and when required. KESARI,JANSATTA and DENIK BHASKAR.
Program' at 2:02-2:04pm LOCAL CITY CABLE: ENGLISH- The Tribune, The Indian
on Every Tuesday and Friday in the news express and Hindustan times
after every 1 hr starting from evening till next
day evening.
Contd…
62. Dissemination of Advisory through SMS
under PPP Mode
Maharashtra Reuter Market Light is having presence in other 8 states
Reuter Market Light 119116 also.
Handygo 500 Madhya Pradesh 7471
State Government, Maharashtra 26000
Vritti Solutions 2300 Karnataka 7784
Total 147916 Tamilnadu 4114
Punjab
Andhra Pradesh 10410
Reuter Market Light 43334
Handygo 750 Rajasthan 22976
Total 44084 Uttar Pradesh 20738
Haryana
Reuter Market Light 20556 Himachal Pradesh 365
Handygo 700
Uttarkhand 113
Total 21256
West Bengal Total 73971
Reuter Market Light 104
Handygo 700
Total 804
Gujarat
Reuter Market Light 16144
Handygo 400
Total 16544
63. Status of dissemination through IFFCO Kisan Sanchar
Limited (IKSL) in 15 states
Circle Current Active Base At present district level
Uttar Pradesh East 277119 Agromet Advisorare
disseminated to 6 Lakhs
Uttar Pradesh Wesh 76086
farmers in the country to the
Bihar 101699 users’ community through
Tamilnadu 27439 SMS and IVR technology.
Haryana 39910 Other private organisation
Rajasthan 68422 in pipeline for dissemination
Himachal Pradesh 6219
of advisories through SMS
are NABARD, Nokia, CSC,
Gujarat 6145
Tata Consultancy Services
Punjab 8276 etc.
Bangalore 77162
Kerala 5981
Madhya Pradesh 45902
Andhra Pradesh 49327
West Bengal 57961
Orissa 44377
Maharashtra 17994
64. Brochure for Awareness
Brochure in different languages are prepared for
circulation among the users
Hindi English Assam Gujarati Manipuri
ees
Nepali Oriya Punjabi Tamil Marathi
65. Vision ahead
Create a seamless system of generating forecasts
at time scales of
• Nowcasting
• Very short range and Short range forecasting
• Medium range forecasting
• Extended range forecasting
• Seasonal scale forecasting
Improvement in PWS with an ultimate aim of
launching a dedicated weather channel for real time
dissemination of weather information
Complete integration with sub offices, Disaster
managers, stake holders, Media
An interactive system for assessment of needs and
customization
A system for incorporating modern research and
technology
66. Conclusions
IMD has been constantly improving its weather
and climate services to meet the requirements of
wide spectrum of Users.
With on going modernisation of observational and
forecasting system, IMD is well poised to provide
weather and climate information at various
temporal and spatial scales for better management
of risks of climate variability and climate change.
IMD is having a national meteorological observing
system which can cater to the needs of insurance
sector.
