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Managing Software Debt,[object Object],Continued Delivery of High Value as Systems Age,[object Object],Chris Sterling,[object Object],Technology Consultant / Agile Coach / ,[object Object],Certified Scrum Trainer,[object Object],Email: chris@sterlingbarton.com,[object Object],Blog: www.GettingAgile.com,[object Object],Twitter: csterwa,[object Object]
Topics Being Covered,[object Object],Problems Found with Aging Software,[object Object],Software Debt Explained,[object Object],Technical Debt,[object Object],Quality Debt,[object Object],Configuration Management Debt,[object Object],Design Debt,[object Object],Platform Experience Debt,[object Object],The Wrap Up,[object Object],A Story of What is Possible,[object Object]
Problems Found with Aging Software,[object Object],Software gets difficult to add features to as it ages ,[object Object],Business expectations do not lessen as software ages ,[object Object],Software must remain maintainable and changeable to meet needs of business over time ,[object Object],Lack of emphasis on software quality attributes contributes to decay,[object Object]
Software Debt,[object Object],Creeps into software slowly and leaves organizations with liabilities,[object Object]
Software Debt Creeps In,[object Object],Shows a relatively new system with little software debt accrued.,[object Object]
Software Debt Creeps In,[object Object],An aging software system slowly incurs significant debt in multiple functional areas.,[object Object]
Software Debt Creeps In,[object Object],An older system has accrued significant debt in all functional areas and components.,[object Object]
Managing Software Debt – an Overview,[object Object],Effect of Managing Software Debt,[object Object],over time is extended preservation,[object Object],of software’s value,[object Object],Potential for depreciation is always there so discipline is essential,[object Object],Depreciation of,[object Object],Value Due to ,[object Object],Software Debt,[object Object],Higher Software Value,[object Object],Minimum ,[object Object],Acceptable ,[object Object],Value,[object Object],Time,[object Object]
Types of Software Debt,[object Object],Technical Debt,[object Object],Quality Debt,[object Object],Configuration Management Debt,[object Object],Design Debt,[object Object],Platform Experience Debt,[object Object]
Technical Debt,[object Object],Issues in software implementation that will impede future development if left unresolved,[object Object]
* Ward Cunningham’s Definition of “Technical Debt”,[object Object],Technical Debt includes those internal things that you choose not to do now, but which will impede future development if left undone. This includes deferred refactoring. ,[object Object],Technical Debt doesn’t include deferred functionality, except possibly in edge cases where delivered functionality is “good enough” for the customer, but doesn’t satisfy some standard (e.g., a UI element that isn’t fully compliant with some UI standard).,[object Object],* Ward Cunningham - “Technical Debt” - http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TechnicalDebt,[object Object]
My Definition of “Technical Debt”,[object Object],“Technical debt is the decay of component and inter-component behavior when the application functionality meets a minimum standard of satisfaction for the customer.”,[object Object]
Maintain One List of Work,[object Object],Put all work into Product Backlog ,[object Object],and,[object Object],Make tradeoff decisions based on reality of the situation ,[object Object]
Quality Debt,[object Object],A lack of quality, either technical or functional, will lessen value per feature added over time,[object Object]
Accrual of Quality Debt with Releases,[object Object]
Break/Fix Only Prolongs the Agony,[object Object]
Effect of Project Constraints on Quality,[object Object],17,[object Object]
A Fit Case Study,[object Object],Cost reduction using Fit for test automation and data conversion,[object Object]
Manual Regression Testing,[object Object],Testing was taking 75 person hours during 2 full test runs consisting of:,[object Object],[object Object]
Data conversion and validationCost for testing was $17,000 each iteration,[object Object]
Introducing Fit into Testing Process,[object Object],After 8 iterations team had introduced healthy amount of Fit fixtures and automated tests,[object Object],Reduced 70+ hour test runtime down to 6 hours which now included:,[object Object],[object Object]
Data conversion and validation automated with Fit fixtures Reduced cost of testing each iteration from $17,000 to $7,000,[object Object]
Acceptance Test-Driven Development,[object Object],21,[object Object],Implement,[object Object],Functionality,[object Object],Review,[object Object],Results,[object Object],Draft Acceptance,[object Object],Test Cases,[object Object],Accepted,[object Object],Execute,[object Object],Acceptance Test Cases,[object Object],Verify Results,[object Object],Functional,[object Object],Requirement,[object Object],Modify Acceptance,[object Object],Test Cases,[object Object]
Configuration Management Debt,[object Object],Creating unpredictable and error-prone release management,[object Object]
Traditional Source Control Management,[object Object],{,[object Object],Debt,[object Object],Code,[object Object],Complete,[object Object],Version 1,[object Object],Branch,[object Object],Integrate for,[object Object],Version 2,[object Object],Debt accrues quickly within stabilization periods,[object Object],Death March,[object Object],Main Branch,[object Object]
Flexible Source Control Management,[object Object],{,[object Object],Version 1,[object Object],Version 2,[object Object],Not Easy! Must have proper infrastructure to do this.,[object Object],Main Branch,[object Object]
Continuous Integration,[object Object]
Scaling to Multiple Integrations,[object Object]
Design Debt,[object Object],Design decays when not attended to so design your software continually,[object Object]
* Abuse User Stories,[object Object],As a Malicious Hacker I want to steal credit card information so that I can make fraudulent charges,[object Object],Implement Security,[object Object],for User Information,[object Object],* From “User Stories Applied” presented by Mike Cohn Agile 2006,[object Object]
Automated Tests,[object Object],29,[object Object],System,[object Object],Automated,[object Object],Regression,[object Object],Test Run,[object Object],Design Changes,[object Object],New Feature,[object Object]
Working with Legacy Software,[object Object],30,[object Object],Define Acceptance Criteria for Requirement,[object Object],Analyze What Might Be Affected by Requirement,[object Object],Write Automated Tests for How it Works Now,[object Object],Write Failing Automated Tests for How it Should Work,[object Object],Carefully Modify Source Code to Implement Requirement,[object Object],Execute Automated Tests to Verify Change,[object Object]
Platform Experience Debt,[object Object],Silos of knowledge and increased specialization will increase cost of maintenance over time,[object Object]
How to Combat Platform Experience Debt,[object Object],Ignore it (I do not suggest this!) ,[object Object],Write automated functional tests for existing system functionality,[object Object],Connect through interface to underlying system ,[object Object],Transfer knowledge of platform to more people ,[object Object],Rewrite system on more current platform ,[object Object],Move thin slices of functionality to more current platform over time,[object Object],Start architecture upgrade discussions and involve teams through known team configuration patterns,[object Object]
Team Configuration Patterns,[object Object],Virtual Architect Pattern,[object Object],Integration Team Pattern,[object Object],Component Shepherd Pattern,[object Object],Team Architect Pattern,[object Object]
Virtual Architect Pattern,[object Object],Enterprise,[object Object],Planning,[object Object]
Virtual Architect Pattern,[object Object],Pros,[object Object],Share architecture ideas and needs across teams,[object Object],Based on verbal communication,[object Object],Cons,[object Object],Usually singles out special Team Member role,[object Object],Could lead to top-down architecture decisions,[object Object],IT may gain extensive influence and begin to run Product Backlog prioritization for architecture needs,[object Object]
Integration Team Pattern,[object Object],All features are implemented and integrated every iteration,[object Object],Integrate Features,[object Object],Feature Development,[object Object]
Integration Team Pattern,[object Object],Pros,[object Object],Reduces complexity on Feature Teams,[object Object],Forces delivery from Integration Team instead of interface and deployment designs,[object Object],Cons,[object Object],Perpetuates specialized roles,[object Object],Don’t always work on highest value Product Backlog items,[object Object]
Component Shepherd Pattern,[object Object]
Component Shepherd Pattern,[object Object],Pros,[object Object],Share more knowledge within organization to minimize platform experience debt,[object Object],Work on highest value Product Backlog items,[object Object],Cons,[object Object],Not always optimal as using individual knowledge,[object Object],Difficult to learn multiple systems across Teams,[object Object]
Team Architect Pattern,[object Object]
Team Architect Pattern,[object Object],Pros,[object Object],Team owns architecture decisions,[object Object],Decisions are made close to implementation concerns,[object Object],Cons,[object Object],May not have appropriate experience on Team,[object Object],Team could get “stuck” on architecture decisions,[object Object]
What is possible?,[object Object],High quality can be attained and should enable accelerated feature delivery at same time.,[object Object]
A Story: Field Support Application,[object Object],2000+ users access application each day,[object Object],Application supports multiple perspectives and workflows from Field Support Operations to Customer Service,[object Object],Team of 5 people delivering features on existing Cold Fusion platform implementation,[object Object],Migrating to Spring/Hibernate in slices while delivering valuable features,[object Object],36 2-week Sprints, 33 production releases, and only 1 defect found in production,[object Object],So, what was the defect you say? Let me tell you…,[object Object],43,[object Object]
Lets wrap this up...,[object Object],What should I take away from this?,[object Object]
Principles for Managing Software Debt,[object Object],Maintain one list of work,[object Object],Emphasize quality,[object Object],Evolve tools and infrastructure continually,[object Object],Improve system design always,[object Object],Share knowledge across the organization,[object Object],And most importantly, get the right people to work on your software!,[object Object]
Continuous Integration,[object Object]

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Managing Software Debt - PNSQC 2009

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