Testing in an Agile Context 2011

Testing in an Agile Context

“What he needs is some way to pay back. Not some way to borrow more.”
- Will Rogers

Chris Sterling
VP of Engineering
AgileEVM Inc.
Web: www.AgileEVM.com
Email: chris@agileevm.com
Blog: www.GettingAgile.com
Follow Me on Twitter: @csterwa
Hash Tag for Presentation: #swdebt
Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Chris Sterling – Sterling Barton, LLC
Partner, Sterling Barton, LLC
Author of Book “Managing Software
Debt: Building for Inevitable
Change”
Consults on software technology,
Agile technical practices, Scrum,
and effective management
techniques
Email: chris@sterlingbarton.com
Web: http://www.agileevm.com
Certiﬁed Scrum Trainer Blog: http://www.gettingagile.com
Follow me on Twitter: @csterwa
Innovation Games® Trained
Facilitator
Open Source Developer
© 2009-2010, 2


Presentation Agenda

Agile - Find Issues Earlier

Effects of Quality Debt

Deﬁnition of Done

Quality Dashboard

Agile Test and Integration Strategies

Acceptance Test-Driven Development

Test-Driven Design

Agile Regression Test Triangle

Conﬁguration Management Debt Strategy

Questions and Answers

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Why Use Agile Methods?

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“Stuff” Rolls Down Hill...

Requirements
Specification

Design

Construction

Testing
(Validation)

Integration

Maintenance

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“Stuff” Rolls Down Hill...

Requirements
Specification

Design

Construction

Testing
(Validation)
This is too
late to ﬁnd issues Integration
and respond
effectively
Maintenance

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The Agile Manifesto*
We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and
helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value:

Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on the right,
we value the items on the left more.”

Kent Beck James Grenning Robert C. Martin
Mike Beedle Jim Highsmith Steve Mellor
Arie van Bennekum Andrew Hunt Ken Schwaber
Alistair Cockburn Ron Jeffries Jeff Sutherland
Ward Cunningham Jon Kern Dave Thomas
Martin Fowler Brian Marick

55
6
© 2009-2010, * www.agilemanifesto.org


Principles Behind the Agile Manifesto*
1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of
valuable software.

2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness
change for
the customer's competitive advantage.
3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with
a preference to the shorter timescale.
4. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.
5. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support
they need, and trust them to get the job done.
6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a
development team is face-to-face conversation.
7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.
8. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and
users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
9. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
10. Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is essential.
11. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.

12. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and
© 2009-2010,
adjusts its behavior accordingly. 56
7
* www.agilemanifesto.org/principles


An Agile Method:
Scrum

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Effects of Quality Debt

“Promises make debt, and debt makes promises.” - Dutch Proverb

9


Effect of Project Constraints on Quality

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“For every [dollar] of competitive advantage gained by
cutting quality, it costs $4 to restore it; and software is
an organizational asset and decisions to cut quality
must be made by executive management and
reﬂected in the ﬁnancial statements.” - Ken Schwaber

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Lack of emphasis on software quality attributes
contributes to decay

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Software Quality Attributes Deﬁned

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Software Quality Attributes Rating Tool

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Sonar: Quality Dashboard

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Agile Test and Integration Strategies

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Deﬁnition of Done

Deﬁnes work products that will be
delivered with each feature as it is
ready for acceptance.

Typical entries...

Code includes unit tests, reviewed,
checked in

Tests described and executed

Build, release notes

Compliance documentation
updated to include current
functionality
Example
of
“average”
DoD
What else?

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Definition of Done as a Compliance Checklist
Acceptance defined criteria for each Code checked in with reference to
user story US#/Task#

Unit tests written and passed Tested on FE

Code compiles with no errors and no Integration test written & passes
warnings
Test code reviewed
New code doesn’t break existing code
Environment requirements documented
Test case review (Dev to review test
case written) Interface document updated/added and
checked in to SVN
Architectural impact assessed and
artifacts updated if necessary Acceptance criteria verified complete

Comments in code All P1-P3 bugs for the story are closed

Error codes added Test approves user story

Code reviewed by peer Story demonstrated to product owner

© 2009-2010, 18


Another Deﬁnition of Done Example

Story and
Unit Tests Functional Acceptance Build System
Task Status
Passed Tests Passed Tests Passed Compiles
Updated
Story

Code Code
Code is Code Meets Published to
Implements Comments
Reviewed Standards Dev Server
Logging Updated

Product Past Product No Compile
Demo
Owner Acceptance Owner Warnings in
Prepared
Sprint

Demo Tests Passed Acceptance Code

Bugs Deployment Release Code
Committed in Docs Notes Repository
Sprint Resolved Updated Updated is Tagged

Release to Deployment Deployment Release
Stage Testing Docs Notes
Release

Server Passed Delivered Delivered

Infrastructure Integrated Build
Change Notes Stress Testing Requirements
Delivered Passed Met

© 2009-2010, 19


No matter what, the cost of addressing software
debt increases with time.

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Acceptance Test-Driven Development

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Test-Driven Design (TDD) - Basic “Flow”

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Write

Failing
Test

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Write

Failing
Test

Make
Test

Pass

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Write

Failing
Test

Refactor
to
Make
Test

Acceptable

Design Pass

© 2009-2010, 22


Test-Driven Design (TDD)

Lets go through an example session using TDD to drive the implementation of a
user story to meeting its acceptance criteria.

23


Jitter – Example TDD Session

Fake micro-blogging tool named “Jitter” is made by Seattle-
based ﬁctitious company that focuses on enabling coffee
injected folks to write short messages and have common online
messaging shorthand expanded for easy reading. The user story
we are working on is:

So it is easier to read their kid’s messages, Mothers want to
automatically expand common shorthand notation

The acceptance criteria for this user story are:

LOL, AFAIK, and TTYL are expandable

Expand lower and upper case versions of shorthand

© 2009-2010, 24


Expand LOL to “laughing out loud”

public class WhenMotherWantsToExpandMessagesThatContainShorthandTest {

@Test

public void shouldExpandLOLToLaughingOutLoud() {

JitterSession session = mock(JitterSession.class);

when(session.getNextMessage()).thenReturn("Expand LOL please");

MessageExpander expander = new MessageExpander(session);

assertThat(expander.getNextMessage(),

equalTo("Expand laughing out loud please"));

}

}

© 2009-2010, 25


But wait…what if…?

What if LOL is written in lower case?

What if it is written as “Lol”? Should it be expanded?

What if some variation of LOL is inside a word?

What if characters surrounding LOL are symbols, not letters?

Write these down as upcoming programmer tests as comments so I
don’t forget them.
// shouldExpandLOLIfLowerCase
// shouldNotExpandLOLIfMixedCase
// shouldNotExpandLOLIfInsideWord
// shouldExpandIfSurroundingCharactersAreNotLetters

© 2009-2010, 26


Expand LOL If Lower Case

@Test
public void shouldExpandLOLIfLowerCase() {
when(session.getNextMessage()).thenReturn("Expand lol please");
equalTo("Expand laughing out loud please"));
}

This forced use of java.util.regex.Pattern to handle case
insensitivity.
public String getNextMessage() {
String msg = session.getNextMessage();
return Pattern.compile("LOL”, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
.matcher(msg).replaceAll("laughing out loud");
}

© 2009-2010, 27


Don’t Expand “Lol” – Mixed-Case

@Test
public void shouldNotExpandLOLIfMixedCase() {
String msg = "Do not expand Lol please";
when(session.getNextMessage()).thenReturn(msg);
assertThat(expander.getNextMessage(), equalTo(msg));
}

This forced me to stop using Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE ﬂag
in pattern compilation. Only use “LOL” or “lol” for now.
public String getNextMessage() {
String msg = session.getNextMessage();
return Pattern.compile("LOL|lol").matcher(msg)
.replaceAll("laughing out loud");
}

© 2009-2010, 28


Don’t Expand “LOL” If Inside Word

@Test
public void shouldNotExpandLOLIfInsideWord() {
String msg = "Do not expand PLOL or LOLP or PLOLP please";
when(session.getNextMessage()).thenReturn(msg);
assertThat(expander.getNextMessage(), equalTo(msg));
}

The pattern matching is now modiﬁed to use spaces around
each variation of valid LOL shorthand.
return Pattern.compile("sLOLs|slols").matcher(msg)

© 2009-2010, 29


Expand “LOL” If Not Inside Word

@Test
public void shouldExpandIfSurroundingCharactersAreNotLetters() {
when(session.getNextMessage()).thenReturn("Expand .lol! please");
equalTo("Expand .laughing out loud! please"));
}

Final implementation of pattern matching code:
return Pattern.compile("bLOLb|blolb").matcher(msg)

© 2009-2010, 30


The Agile Regression Testing Triangle*

© 2009-2010, * The Agile Triangle has been modiﬁed from Mike Cohn’s original version 31



Automated Unit Tests
Make up largest portion of
regression tests and are
developed by programmers




Integration Tests
Automated &
Exploratory





Smoke++ Tests
Risk-based UI &
Integration Tests
API Automated
Automated &
Tests
Exploratory




Conﬁguration Management Debt

“If releases are like giving birth, then you must be doing something wrong.”
- Robert Beneﬁeld

32


Thank you

Questions and Answers

34


Chris Sterling – Sterling Barton, LLC
Partner, Sterling Barton, LLC
Author of Book “Managing Software
Debt: Building for Inevitable
Change”
Consults on software technology,
Agile technical practices, Scrum,
and effective management
techniques
Email: chris@sterlingbarton.com
Web: http://www.agileevm.com
Certiﬁed Scrum Trainer Blog: http://www.gettingagile.com
Follow me on Twitter: @csterwa
Innovation Games® Trained
Facilitator
Open Source Developer
© 2009-2010, 35


Testing in an Agile Context 2011

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